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Medieval Art in the Bohemian Lands Through the Lens of Catholic History
Šmied, Miroslav ; Kuthan, Jiří (advisor) ; Čechura, Jaroslav (referee) ; Daniel, Ladislav (referee)
This paper deals with the history of the study and discipline called "History of Christian Art". It attempts to find the roots of the interest in history, sacred monuments, and national monuments of the past in the spiritual environment of the Czech lands, and its subsequent inclusion in the context of contemporary European developments of interest in art and its study. Beginning with the oldest hagiographic texts, which are not only records of literary history, but in many cases are important in terms of references to building monuments and artworks, among which Kristian's legend is dominant, through the texts of medieval chroniclers, Kosmas, his followers, the Chronicle of Zbraslav Monastery and chronicles from the reign of Charles IV., across the historiography of the Baroque period, which is without a doubt dominated by the work of Bohuslav Balbín and Thomas Pešina of Čechorod, and the period of national awakening, through a boom industry in the nineteenth century, when Ferdinand Josef Lehner made history with his founding work, to the culmination in the activities of representatives of the field the first half of the twentieth century, when it was represented by personalities such as Antonin Podlaha, Eduard Sittler, and Josef Cibulka. Based on the recapitulation and subsequent description of...
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Transformations of the Church at the Time of the Incoming Enlightenment
Žezlo, Martin ; Veverková, Kamila (advisor) ; Lášek, Jan Blahoslav (referee)
Master's thesis Transformations of the Church at the Time of the Incoming Enlightenment discusses the ongoing contradictions between faiths. Catholic confession, which initially imposed on all subjects and nobilities in the Roman Empire has been slowly losing its previous power. Its power has been decreasing in inverse proportion by the time Enlightenment spreaded to the Czech lands throughout Germany and Italy. It changed everything, what was perceived in some way, and in turn created a lot of new knowledge. Enlightenment appeared under the rule of Emperor Charles VI., although not as much as of his daughter Marie Terezie and of his grandson Emperor Joseph II. at all. Joseph II. transformed his entire empire based on his Enlightenment ideas. By the time of reforms the "liberation" of non-Catholics and the abolition of serfdom is gradually coming. The Church at this time was very fragmented and was creating new spiritual insights on the Catholic Church and Christianity itself.
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Regimes of Rationality / Objectivity between Historical Epistemology and Pragmatism
Krejčová, Kateřina ; Švec, Ondřej (advisor) ; Ritter, Martin (referee)
(in English) The aim of the thesis is to introduce selected approaches to genealogy and changes of the concept of "objectivity". While historical epistemology puts this concept into a context of a particular historical period in which it was born and established itself, and therefore perceives "objectivity" as a novelty, pragmatism sees it as a relic of the discourse of Enlightenment and proposes to replace it with solidarity. Both approaches analyse difficulties of uncritical applications of this term in the history of philosophy and "avant la lettre" science and the assumption that objectivity is just a modification and another name of this concept which is a necessary condition of any knowledge. The thesis is based on texts of Lorraine Daston, Peter Galison, Richard Rorty, Thomas S. Kuhn and Perez Zagorin.
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History of the Monastery Kladruby
Lexová, Alena ; Veverková, Kamila (advisor) ; Lášek, Jan Blahoslav (referee)
The significant, cultural heritage, Kladruby's monastery lies n Tachovon in the Western part of the Czech republic. It lies between Pilsen and Tachov, specifically, Thirty kilometres west from Pilsen and five kilometres south from Stříbro. The history of the township and monastery is closely bound. The middle ages brought prosperity and rise to both of them.To this rise of Kladruby contributed it's great place by the Norimberská stezka and the discovery of silver ore nearby. Thanks to this, in 1230, it was raised by Václav I. to township. With this Kladruby gained the rights of a town ( e.g. The right to organize markets,the right to perform Criminal Law and the right to brew) as one of the first seven town in the Czech republic. Because of the wealth from silver mining, a mining settlement Stříbro was establishes, in the late twelfth century. The Benedictine monastery was established, by Vladislav I. of Přemyslid dynasty, in 1115. He himself is buried there as one of few Czech princes, who are not buried in Prague. Between the 12. And 13. Century, the monastery became one of the most important church centres of the whole kingdom. During the tragedy of Jan Nepomucký, the monastery has a major role. Václav IV considered, establishing a bishopric in Kladruby, to circumscribe the power of Prague...
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Czech National Revival: The Phenomenon of the Society in the 19th/21th century
Dorotíková, Lucie ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Beneš, Zdeněk (referee)
Czech National Revival: The Phenomenon of the Society in the 19th/21th century. The goal of the thesis is to map crucial events from the perspective of historical-cultural context, which provoked the beginnings of the Czech National Revival in the Habsburg monarchy during the years 1750-1848. The thesis will focus on the logical result of economic, social and cultural changes in the enlightened Europe, the specific features and conditions of the national revival in Czech lands and the impact of the Habsburg monarchy. Keywords Czech National Revival, Czech lands, 19th/21th century, age of enlightenment, national identity
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Selected Problems of Moral Education in the Contemporary Society
Hradilová, Tereza ; Strouhal, Martin (advisor) ; Koťa, Jaroslav (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to analyse the change of value orientation by society evolution since the Enlightenment to the postmodern situation. Next aim is the analysis of the actual state of moral education at school. At first, the thesis focuses attention on the causes of the changes of accents in value sphere, initiated in the Enlightenment and leading to postmodern situation. Furthermore, the thesis resumes the problem of personal moral development, describes the situation of moral education at school and tries to identify these methods of moral education which could be used in the moral education considering the contemporary situation in society and the trends in the value orientation of children and youth. In this context, the thesis also looks for the answer on question, which values are nowadays necessary to be educated. Key words: moral education, Enlightenment, postmodern, postmodern situation, moral development, Jean Piaget, Lawrence Kohlberg, moral dilemma, General educational programme, ethic education, values, individualisation of moral character, methods of moral education
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First Metamorphosis of the Frankfurt School
Chlouba, Karel ; Arnason, Johann Pall (advisor) ; Německý, Marek (referee)
Title: First Metamorphosis of the Frankfurt School Author: Bc. Karel Chlouba Abstract: This thesis deals with first metamorphosis of the Frankfurt School - its origins, deve- lopement and historical context. The developement of this metamorphosis of critical theory is split into three parts within this work: first part elaborates individual moments and motives of this positive dialectic and also observes the develomepent of skepticism within it; second part elaborates the sceptical turn itself and the third part deals with the negative dialectics mainly presented within the work The Dialectic of Enlightenment. This thesis aims mainly on thought of Max Horheimer as a leader of the circle of thin- kers. Although he is not always the most powerful source of insight in this circle, he is the one who controls the direction of its thinking. Key words: Adorno, Horkheimer, Marcuse, critical theory of society, sociology, ra- cionality, science, theory, reason, change, alternative, dialectic, enligh- tenment viii
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Crime and Punishment in the Eyes of Cesare Beccaria: An Analysis of an Enlightenment Penal Law Reform
Bojar, Tomáš ; Sokol, Jan (advisor) ; Wintr, Jan (referee) ; Tinková, Daniela (referee)
Crime and Punishment in the Eyes of Cesare Beccaria An Analysis of an Enlightenment Penal Law Reform The Ph.D. dissertation is centred around a relatively concise, but extremely influential book: Cesare Beccaria's treatise On Crimes and Punishments (Dei delitti e delle pene). This work, first published in 1764, sums up in a clear, yet intellectually penetrating way all the main Enlightenment principles of a complex penal law reform. In its time, the book was not only of great philosophical importance and it not only changed the way western societies perceived crime and punishment, but it also served as a concrete guideline for various penal law reformers. It is therefore by no means an overstatement to say that it caused a true paradigm shift in both legal and moral philosophy. The main aim of the thesis is to give a legal-philosophical account of Beccaria's thoughts on crime and punishment, to examine their historical as well as moral background and show the actual impact they had on the legislation of many different, mainly European states. The first chapters of the dissertation are focused on Beccaria's life, his intellectual background and his formative influences (particularly the French, English and Scottish Enlightenment, the social contract theory, utilitarianism, Montesquieu's thoughts on penal...
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