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Analysis of costs on HIV positive´s treatment
Hermannová, Monika ; Písař, Pavel (advisor) ; Chalupníček, Pavel (referee)
Virus HIV was first diagnosed in 1986 in the Czech Republic. Since then, over a one thousand of people have been infected. The treatment of such patients is very expensive owing to high prices of medicaments. These are influenced especially by high costs of the development of new drugs. The question of financing the costs of treatment of infected people is becoming more and more up-to-date as their number increases every year. In my thesis, I analyse the contemporary situation in terms of the number of patients and costs expended annually on their treatment, as wells as on prevention against the contagion. Further, I focus on concrete ways of treatment in relation to their financial severity and effectiveness. A part of work is also the quantification of public and private sources of financing of the HIV positive treatment. Finally, I attempt to predict the growth of costs associated with the expected rise of the number of diseased and its impact on the health system. The paper will also contain an international comparison.
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Quinazoline derivatives as compounds with potential bronchodilatory effect
Šašková, Jaroslava ; Kuneš, Jiří (referee) ; Špulák, Marcel (advisor)
This diploma thesis describes the synthesis of quinazoline derivatives structurally derived from vasicine and vasicinone, alkaloids contained in a plant Adhatoda vasica. This plant has beed used for treatment of respiratory diseases in Ayurvedic medicine for more than 2000 years. First attempts to modify the structure of vasicinone revealed the fact that the ring C wasn't necessary for the bronchodilatory effect. Thus, we decided to cut this ring off resulting in the structure of quinazoline-4-ol. Using simple alkylation reactions, we prepared the first group of derivatives. One of these molecules, 4-dimethylaminoethoxyquinazoline, possesed a promising bronchodilatory activity. We modified its structure leading to the second series of derivatives containing 9 compounds. All prepared quinazolines were tested for their bronchodilatory effect by the classical experimental in vitro model of isolated rat trachea. Most of the synthesized derivatives displayed better bronchodilatory activity than theophyllin.
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Syntax in methods for information retrieval
Kravalová, Jana ; Holub, Martin (referee) ; Pecina, Pavel (advisor)
In the last years, application of language modeling in information retrieval has been studied quite extensively. Although language models of any type can be used with this approach, only traditional n-gram models based on surface word order have been employed and described in published experiments (often only unigram language models). The goal of this thesis is to design, implement, and evaluate (on Czech data) a method which would extend a language model with syntactic information, automatically obtained from documents and queries. We attempt to incorporate syntactic information into language models and experimentally compare this approach with unigram and bigram model based on surface word order. We also empirically compare methods for smoothing, stemming and lemmatization, effectiveness of using stopwords and pseudo relevance feedback. We perform a detailed analysis of these retrieval methods and describe their performance in detail.
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Cultural dimensions of alcohol
Guha, Alexandr ; Soukup, Martin (referee) ; Soukup, Václav (advisor)
The thesis Cultural Dimensions of Alcohol is concerned with the relationship between alcohol and culture viewed from three aspects. The first chapter traces back the alcohol as a culturally important matter in the course of history. The significant historical eras and events are reinterpreted from the viewpoint of the relation with alcohol. Firstly, it focuses chronologically on the basic cultural functions of alcohol (simultaneously wine, beer and mead) in the period of Neolithic revolution and in the most important ancient civilizations. Further, it describes the role of alcohol in the Middle Ages from the standpoint of Christianity and ecclesiastical reformation. The remaining part is dedicated to the invention and distribution of distillation, the cultural and social consequences, which the innovation produced, and subsequent prohibitory attempts. The conclusion of the chapter confronts earlier and actual viewpoints of alcoholism. In the culturally anthropological part of the thesis the alcohol is embodied in the global scene of psychoactive substances whose ceremonial use is understood as a cultural universal. The thesis discloses the anthropologically paramount position of alcohol in the scope of this drug context. The detailed diffusion of a structural model of culinary techniques with the...
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The Oppidum of České Lhotice and its hinterland
Danielisová, Alžběta ; Venclová, Natalie (advisor) ; Macháček, Jiří (referee) ; Čižmár, Miloš (referee)
The aim of the work is to attempt a new approach towards ones of the phenomena of the prehistoric archaeology: the late La Tne forified agglomerations - the oppida. Their economical potential was formerly tested only on the industrial or commerce base but not from the ecological point of view. Their agricultural potential has been challenged in many publications both for specific locations, that were not directly in the primary agricultural settlement zone (the fertile lowlands), and for the material collection which usually lacks the tools used for ploughing. However, the urban structure of the sites reveals the evidence of the traditional agricultural household units and together with the evidence of breeding the livestock the subsistence requirements should presuppose at least minimal human factor dedicated to agricultural work. Also the potential of the landscape possibly allows for cultivating of crops in the vicinity of sites. This work is aimed to analyze the agricultural potential of the oppida and by archaeological modelling to test both the hypotheses concerning the oppida subsistence strategies: if they were independent producers of their own foodstuff or if they were dependent on the supplying from their sites in their subordinate hinterland. The main object for this analysis is one particular...
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Swiss Federalism
Pláničková, Eva ; Říchová, Blanka (advisor) ; Just, Petr (referee)
This text discusses some aspects of Swiss federalism. Therefore we firstly give some basic general information about framework of federalism. At the introductory chapter we explain briefly what federalism actually is, and how it differs from other political forms. We come with a statement that federalism is a process, more than a structure - a constant attempt to achieve the balance between the elements of autonomy and participation within a system of usually territorially based member states. Second chapter is dedicated to historical background and circumstances that led to adoption of federal idea in Switzerland. Federalism had been pt into practice because of high level of diversity (language, religious communities) on the territory which disabled to use a system that would apply the same rules for everybody. Federal arrangement was the only acceptable form with the aim to serve as a conflict management tool (the Protestant cantons wanted a more centralized state, the Catholics wanted to preserve the sovereignty of the cantons). All these circumstances led to a formation of a federal state, whose goal was, to balance the cantonal sovereignty and central harmonisation. The cantons agreed to be bound together, as far as the state does not touch their basic autonomy. The institutionalization of cultural...
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Analysis and prediction of the digital music market
Pulda, Michal ; Raška, Ondřej (advisor) ; Mutl, Michal (referee)
This paper analyzes the conditions and functions of the present music market, with the main focus on the distribution of music in digital formats. It discusses fundamental concepts as well as the law framework which is used in the Czech Republic and worldwide. Firstly, the paper discusses technological aspects, including various music formats, the realization of sales via the Internet, and the usage of file sharing networks. Secondly, the paper discusses important services already available on the Internet, which have had a significant impact on the market, and whose influence will continue well into the future. To better understand the present situation, an analysis of piracy phenomena is crucial. This analysis is based on many published studies and has attempted to reflect the attitudes of customers, musicians, and the music industry in general, towards the present state of the market. Finally, various opportunities are discussed for designing potentially usable services, which could possibly create value for consumers and the music industry in the future. These models include protectionist services transformation, supply diversification, subscription approach and streaming. New models are globally compiled together with outlined relations between them.
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Resistance strategies in individualizated, commodified and consum society: Food not Bombs Prague
Stašová, Adéla ; Novák, Arnošt (advisor) ; Slovák, Ľuboš (referee)
The thesis offers an analysis of the Prague Food Not Bombs collective using the optics of the newest social movements as defined by Richard Day. Based both on theory and qualitative research, it enquires whether and how the group resists individualization, commodification, and excessive consumption in society. Using her experience of several years of field work, semi-structured and informal interviews, and her field notes, the author describes the collective in question, maps out its mechanisms and internal organization, illustrates the attitudes and tactics of the activists, and exposes the troubles and hurdles they face. She surveys the activists' attitudes to such concepts of the newest social movements as direct grassroot action, solidarity, decentralization, anti-authoritarianism, consensus, and pre-figurative politics, to see if the activists employ them in their resistance strategy. In more general terms, the author attempts at a (so far missing) insight into the Prague collective as a social resistance group and a chapter of the worldwide Food Not Bombs movement. Key words Food Not Bombs, newest social movements, individualisation, commodification, consumption, protest
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Study of Factors Influencing the Development of "Water Bloom" in the Water Reservoir Seč
Forczek, Sándor ; Holík, Josef ; Rederer, L. ; Koza, V.
In this work, we monitored several parameters that influence the development of algal bloom on the\nwater reservoir Sec. Primarily climatic conditions belong to the monitored parameters that influence\nthe population dynamics of algae (air temperature and rainfall, incident light), temperature\nstratification of water, concentration of oxygen, concentrations of total phosphorus, phosphate,\nvarious forms of nitrogen and organic substances, turbidity and also diversity and frequency of\nphytoplankton and zooplankton species. Between 2012 and 2014 have not occurred massive algal\nblooms in the summer months, however the measured physical, chemical and biological data, can be\nused to assess the development of algal population. The population dynamic factors influencing algal\ngrowth must be understand to be able to predict formation and to attempt suppression of algal\nblooms.
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Persuasive techniques in lifestyle magazines and their effect on lifestyle-forming : content analysis of Spy magazine
Jeřábek, David ; Klabíková Rábová, Tereza (referee) ; Šoltys, Otakar (advisor)
Bachelor thesis "Persuasive techniques in lifestyle magazines and their effect on lifestyle-forming : content analysis of Spy magazines" generally deals with media effects on audiences. It introduces the historic development of perspectives on mass media and mass communication and the effects of media and their research. In particular it focuses on the effects of the so-called lifestyle media on the lifestyle and identity of mainly younger consumers of media products. It specifically evaluates the way in which such media present potentially harmful content. It describes typical persuasive techniques used by media in advertising, political campaigning and other types of content. It introduces main outlooks on the topics of lifestyle and identity from media and sociological perspectives. It describes the most significant methods of media content research, namely, qualitative and quantitative content analysis from the historic and methodological point of view. Using a combination of these two techniques it attempts to verify the research hypothesis predicting that media utilize persuasive techniques to present attitudes and opinions which are not immediately obvious and subsequently manipulate audiences into assuming particular patterns of behavior and thinking.
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