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Owning Sudan's disarmament, demobilization and reintegration process : between theory and practice
Mackuliaková, Kristína ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Ditrych, Ondřej (referee)
In a broader sense, this thesis examines the extent to which the international community decides on the application and shape of standard security templates in post-conflict environments. These standard templates are increasingly criticized for their inflexibility and inability to adapt to the actual conditions and needs on ground. In order to alleviate this criticism, as well as improve the success of these programs, the international community recently embraced the concept of national ownership. Whether it is a rhetorical concept and political tool and how its understanding differs between theory and reality are the main topics of this thesis. Specifically, the paper analyzes the concept of national ownership in the process of Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) of ex-combatants on the example of Sudan from 2003 until 2013. Sudanese DDR process has been defined as nationally owned, but nevertheless criticized for the blind following of international standards and overall inability to adapt to the context. The objective of the thesis was set out to establish what the interpretation of national ownership was in theory and compare it with the type of ownership that had taken place in practice. The main part of this study is the analysis of the control exercised by national and...
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M. S. Gorbachev's concept of Common European Home
Stejskalová, Jana ; Svoboda, Karel (advisor) ; Litera, Bohuslav (referee)
The bachelor study "M. S. Gorbachev's concept of Common European Home" highlights the pro-European oriented idea of Soviet Foreign Policy, which became popular in the middle 80's. The concept was a peaceful vision and a new Soviet openness towards the policy of the United States and the West in an era of the Cold War. This period was characterized by mutual distrust of two ideologically different blocks and by the real threat of nuclear conflict. There were many politicians who engaged with the European Policy in the past. The expansion of European ideas has a considerable historical background. And the expression of the Common European Home was already part of the external policy of Leonid I. Brezhnev. The Soviet concept, however, was first actively promoted by Mikhail S. Gorbachev, who is also attributed with its authorship. This bachelor study presents the origin, development and disappearance of this Soviet Policy. The work analyses the content of the idea in detail and also discusses its territorial legacy; including accompanying events and the attitude of Western countries. In addition to other key aspects, Gorbachev's Common European Home is associated with the fall of the Iron Curtain and the disintegration of the Soviet Union.
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US Foreign Policy under Ronald Reagan: Strategic Defense Initiative and the disarmament process
Valko, Patrik ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Hynek, Nikola (referee)
In master thesis "U.S. Foreign Policy under Ronald Reagan: Strategic Defense Initiative and disarmament process" is analysed development of the Strategic Defense Initiative and consequent disarmament process in the second half of 1980's. At the beginning of the thesis it is mentioned a stadium of disarmament by the end of 1970's, but the main attention focuses on the Ronald Reagan's presidential administration, when the development of the SDI started. Master thesis also analyses disarmament dialogue among representatives of the United States and the Soviet Union, which started in Geneva in 1985, and continued in Reykjavik, Washington, and Moscow.
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The role of nuclear weapons in the 21st Century U.S. security strategy : comparation of documentation Nuclear Posture Review from the years 2001 and 2010
Smetana, Michal ; Hynek, Nikola (advisor) ; Karásek, Tomáš (referee)
The present thesis aims to compare the approach of the Bush and Obama administrations towards the role of nuclear weapons in the United States security strategy. The author focuses at the Nuclear Posture Review (NPR) reports from 2001 and 2010, employing a detailed comparative analysis of their respective content as well as their implications. The analysis concentrates at broader conceptual issues as well as very concrete steps related to specific elements of the United States strategic arsenal. The author of the thesis argues that the current political discourse which attributes a nearly revolutionary character to the approach of the Obama administration to the United States nuclear policy does not fully match the actual dimension of change between the NPR of 2001 and 2010. In fact, the evolution of the United States nuclear strategy maintains its own dynamics in many aspects. Additionally, the present thesis also tries to analyze both documents within the context of the evolution of the United States nuclear strategy since the 1990s which allows the author to identify the shifts as well as the patterns of continuity in the US nuclear policy in the post-Cold War period.
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Reflection of Gorbachev's reforms in the Rudé právo in the period 1985-1990
Fara, Pavel ; Křeček, Jan (advisor) ; Bednařík, Petr (referee)
The thesis examines, how the journal Rudé právo reflected reforms of Michail Gorbachev in the Soviet Union in period 1985 - 1990. Gorbachev tried to transform Soviet economy into a model that would include elements of the free market. Gorbachev also enforced democratic system of government and freedom of speech. To the Western part of the world Gorbachev offered negotiations on disarmament and destruction of nuclear weapons. By this initiative Gorbachev contributed to the end of the cold war. Gorbachev never thought about transition of the Soviet Union into capitalism and leaving the communist ideology. In Gorbachev's meaning communism was the only right ideology and reforms should modernize the Soviet system and enable next building of socialism. In the thesis quantitative content analysis has been used. This method allowed to obtain the necessary information. Thesis also informs about the role of Gorbachev's reforms and their process. Thesis than presents impact of these reforms to collapse of the USSR. By the content analysis range of editions of the journal Rudé právo in period 1985 - 1990 was explored. Relevant texts were evaluated according to the variables of analysis. 584 texts were analysed and therefore enough information to answer the hypotheses was obtained. Thesis also evaluates the objectivity...
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Solving of Conflicts in the International Relations. The Case Study of the Conflict in the Northern Ireland
Novotná, Tereza ; Soukup, Jaromír (advisor) ; Karásek, Tomáš (referee)
Diploma thesis Conflict Resolution in International Relations: The Case Study of Northern Ireland Conflict examines development of the conflict and peace process between the years of 1980 and 2007. A complex concept of conflict analysis by Peter Wallensteen is applied to the case of Northern Ireland. Using the method of process tracing allows for a detailed understanding of the transformation of conflict dynamics from negative to positive. Such a transformation results from behavior and attitudes of individual actors who act positively and in a constructive way. The following actors were identified as the main parties to the conflict: IRA, Northern Ireland political parties - mostly the UUP, DUP, SDLP, and SF - governments of the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. Development of their attitudes and interests is examined with respect to five distinct categories: involvement of independent authorities and/or third parties; ideology and understanding of the main goals; economic conditions; cultural aspects; and the matter of decommissioning. The Northern Ireland case illustrates that the change of behavior eventually led to the transformation of the conflict and its resolution. However, it also illustrates how painfully slow process it was.
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The role of nuclear weapons in the 21st Century U.S. security strategy
Smetana, Michal ; Hynek, Nikola (advisor) ; Karásek, Tomáš (referee)
The present diploma thesis aims to compare the approach of the Bush and Obama administrations towards the role of nuclear weapons in the United States security strategy. The author focuses at the Nuclear Posture Review (NPR) reports from 2001 and 2010, employing a detailed comparative analysis of their respective content as well as their implications. The analysis concentrates at broader conceptual issues as well as very concrete steps related to specific elements of the United States strategic arsenal. The author of the thesis argues that the current political discourse which attributes a nearly revolutionary character to the approach of the Obama administration to the United States nuclear policy does not fully match the actual dimension of change between the NPR of 2001 and 2010. In fact, the evolution of the United States nuclear strategy maintains its own dynamics in many aspects. Additionally, the present diploma thesis also tries to analyze both documents within the context of the evolution of the United States nuclear strategy since the 1990s which allows the author to identify the shifts as well as the patterns of continuity in the US nuclear policy in the post-Cold War period.
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Disarmament at the beginning of the 21st century. Reduction of strategic arms between the USA and Russia
Šilha, Jakub ; Ondřej, Jan (advisor) ; Hofmannová, Mahulena (referee)
Diarmament at the beginning of the 21st Century: Development of the contractual approaches on the reduction of strategic arms between the United States of America and the Russian Federation The aim of this diploma thesis is the theoretical assumption of the contemporary development of treaties instruments dealing with the disarmament dilemma from the international law's point of view, or setting the new (or renegotiated) treaty approach on reduction of the strategic arms between the Russian Federation and the United States of America into the wider context of international treaties, analysis of the new disarmament treaty denoted as The New START Treaty, which replaced START I Treaty, and its comparison with the previous treaties and drafts of treaties. In doing so this thesis also summarises the longer-range development of the bilateral treaty approaches on the reduction of strategic arms between the United States and Russia, or the Soviet Union respectivelly, which goes back deep into the times of the Cold War and comprises the crucial negotiations of SALT and INF treaties. The thesis focuses not only to the text of the treaties and their drafts alone but also on the particular stages of negotiations. Then, The New START Treaty is the subject of more detailed analysis in the final two chapters, as...
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Development and use of chemical weapons
ČAMRA, Radek
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of chemical weapons usage. Its goal is to assess the relevance of chemical weapons in terms of their development, usage, and international limitation, prohibition or liquidation efforts, as well as to determine whether they currently present a threat and if so, what kind. The thesis first presents a brief characteristic of the historical development of chemical weapons, international efforts for their limitation or prohibition, and subsequently the individual types of chemical weapons and means of delivery during conflicts. In the practical section, the author then focuses on 20th and 21st century armed conflicts in which chemical weapons were used or could have been used. Using an analytical-descriptive method, these conflicts are evaluated in terms of the very nature of the conflict, the circumstances surrounding the deployment of chemical weapons, the types of chemical weapons used, their impact on the final result of the conflict, and more importantly, the influence that relevant international treaties or previous experience and political characters of the countries in question had on the decision to use or not use them. Other specific areas dealt with are chemical terrorism and the Czech Republic´s initiative regarding chemical weapons. In the end, results of the performed analysis and a discussion are given by the author, in which he presents the conclusions made from the stated information as well as his own opinions on the given issue.
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