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Neurobiology of visual hallucinations.
Dodoková, Alica ; Vejmola, Čestmír (advisor) ; Hejnová, Lucie (referee)
Hallucination is a clinically significant qualitative disorder of perception that can be characterized as a sensation without a proper physical stimulus. Visual hallucinations are among the most serious symptoms in a range of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, or Lewy body dementia, but can also occur during drug intoxication or under normal physiological conditions. Based on visual image processing principles and higher thalamocortical circuits, several recent explanations of the visual hallucinations phenomenon are summarized in this thesis. Although there may be many possible causes, the most important are neurobiological disorders of the inhibition processes in the cortical areas of visual association, lesions in the brain stem cores and thus the malfunctioning of the reticular activation system, neurochemical dysregulation on the thalamic sensory interface, or dysfunction of the recurrent top-down and bottom-up mechanism. There are several theoretical models summarizing the mentioned aberrations (Perception and Attention Deficit, Bayesian Heruism), which provide a more comprehensive overview of the issue of visual hallucinations. Further research and unification of individual models could provide new possibilities for diagnosis and treatment of visual...
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Issue of mental health care in the Czech Republic with a focus on the personal experience of the users
Klikarová, Andrea ; Laurenčíková, Klára (advisor) ; Kubíčková, Anna (referee)
In my diploma thesis I would like to introduce the readers to the issue of mental health care in the Czech Republic. I will focus on mental health definition, classification of mental illnesses, and also introduce services provided to people with mental illness. Furthermore, I will deal with the systém of mental health care in the Czech Republic, where I will try to point out the greatest positives and also some negatives of this system. The reader will also learn about Czech legislation related to this issue. Finally, I will inform about the psychiatric care reform, which started in 2013 in the Czech Republic - I will mention the main milestones, plan and strategy of this reform, and the benefits of this reform will be demonstrated on particular steps and realized projects. In the research section, I will focus on personal experience of care users, where thanks to the interviews, I can mediate the biggest mental health care problems from users point of view. KEYWORDS mental health, mental illness, psychiatric care system, psychopathology, psychiatric care reform
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Neurobiology of visual hallucinations.
Dodoková, Alica ; Vejmola, Čestmír (advisor) ; Hejnová, Lucie (referee)
Hallucination is a clinically significant qualitative disorder of perception that can be characterized as a sensation without a proper physical stimulus. Visual hallucinations are among the most serious symptoms in a range of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, or Lewy body dementia, but can also occur during drug intoxication or under normal physiological conditions. Based on visual image processing principles and higher thalamocortical circuits, several recent explanations of the visual hallucinations phenomenon are summarized in this thesis. Although there may be many possible causes, the most important are neurobiological disorders of the inhibition processes in the cortical areas of visual association, lesions in the brain stem cores and thus the malfunctioning of the reticular activation system, neurochemical dysregulation on the thalamic sensory interface, or dysfunction of the recurrent top-down and bottom-up mechanism. There are several theoretical models summarizing the mentioned aberrations (Perception and Attention Deficit, Bayesian Heruism), which provide a more comprehensive overview of the issue of visual hallucinations. Further research and unification of individual models could provide new possibilities for diagnosis and treatment of visual...
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Synesthetic associations and psychopathological symtomps.
Neckář, Marcel ; Bob, Petr (advisor) ; Ptáček, Radek (referee) ; Světlák, Miroslav (referee)
1 Synesthetic associations and psychopathological symptoms Marcel Necká Abstract Synesthesia in general is a phenomenon of intersensory and intrasensory linkage that may be observed in various conditions including artistic creativity and also manifests in conditions of various brain dysfunctions and injuries. Synesthesia is a phenomenon represented by transmodal associative connections that may represent a continuum from strong synesthetic phenomena to its mild forms that may enable creation of "synesthetic" metaphors. This study is focused on projective assessments of word-color association and their relationship to psychopathological measures reflecting stress, depression, dissociation and other psychometric measures in 154 participants selected from general population. The results are in agreement with previous reported studies suggesting that lighter colors are more frequently associated with positive emotional meanings. In addition the results indicate significant relationships of color- word associations to some specific words with depression, anxiety, alexithymia and symptoms of traumatic stress. These results are in ac-cordance with existing findings in context of the so-called metaphorical synesthesia where significant role might be attributed to color intensity. In this context, results of this...
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Discrete Psychopathology Development in Foreign Military Mission Veterans
Král, Pavel ; Weiss, Petr (advisor) ; Slabá, Šárka (referee) ; Vevera, Jan (referee)
Deploying soldiers in foreign missions undoubtedly represents a significant burden associated with the risk of harm to their physical and mental health. Regarding the mental health, stress represents the most significant risk factor traditionally associated with the deployment. In fact its influence during the deployment tends to be continuous since the amount of different stressors is plentiful. Traditionally, the attention of clinical psychologists, psychiatrists and researchers associated with foreign operations and their possible consequences was targeted mainly on (the) PTSD, depression or addictions. However, it appears that the soldiers also suffer from other mental health disorders. This thesis is focused not on disorders but their partial symptoms, predominantly neurotic. Initial research hypothesis presumes that if we compare the population of soldiers who have been deployed in a foreign mission with those who have not been deployed we will find (the) significant differences between the groups. We expect those who have been deployed to show a higher rate of psychopathological symptoms, probably subclinical and therefore discrete, but still more prevalent comparing to those who have never experienced the military mission environment. The data have been collected through the questionnaire...
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Psychological Aspects of Obesity
Mašková, Eva ; Kebza, Vladimír (referee) ; Šivicová, Gabriela (referee)
The aim of this thesis "Psychological Aspects of Obesity" is to summarize psychological findings of causes and consequences of obesity, the most common health problem in the world. This thesis extends the topic of the diploma thesis entitled "The Psychological problems of Obesity." The theoretical part deals with many key issues of obesity, from definition through the epidemiology, etiology and obesity prevention and treatment. However the main topics of this thesis are the psychological characteristics associated with obesity. It includes personality factors of obese people, willpower and self- control and specific psychopathology. The research part of this thesis is mapping the occurrence of a specific psychopathological phenomena focusing on the emotional eating disorder, night eating syndrome, binge eating and symptoms of eating disorder. A total of 80 participants who were diagnosed with obesity, combined I. - III. class, attended educational- recondition stay organised by Third Internal Clinic of The General University Hospital in Prague and University Physical Educational Unity. Applied methods were "Eating Behavior and Emotionality Questionnaire" (JICHEM), "The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire 6.0" (EDE - Q) and "The Night Eating Questionnaire" (NEQ). The data of quantitative...
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Psychopathological characteristics of MMORPG players and the occurrence of addictive behavior: a correlation study
Hetzerová, Lucie ; Vacek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Vondráčková, Petra (referee)
In clinical practice, sufficient attention is paid to the substance dependencies in many respects. Despite being similar to these dependencies, the issue of "activities, behavior, processes" is often left aside. This work deals with online computer games, mostly with the World of Warcraft (WoW), because there are players who may have a problem not only in relation to addictive behavior. The aim of the research was to describe the psychopathological characteristics of MMORPG players and describe the connection between their occurrence and the rate of reported addictive behavior. Participants were MMORPG active players recruited by self-selection based on addressing through online discussion forums, facebook pages and e-mail snowball. The minimum range of subjects was set at 100 players. Tool for gathering data was online questionnaire. The results were determined using descriptive- analytical and mathematical statistics with the help of SPSS software. The final group consists of 243 respondents, of which 216 are men (89%) and 27 women (11%). The age range of the respondents is between 10-56 years, the average age is 22 years. 185 respondents (76%) considered WoW as being their first choice game. Of 243 respondents 23 (it is about 10%) have shown addictive behavior (including 22 men and 1 woman)....
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The Psychological problems of Obesity
Mašková, Eva ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (advisor) ; Šivicová, Gabriela (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to summarize findings of causes and consequences of obesity, the most common health problem in the world. The theoretical part deals with many key issues of obesity, from definition through the epidemiology, etiology and obesity prevention and treatment. However the main topics of this thesis are the psychological characteristics that are associated with obesity. It includes personality factors of obese people, willpower and self-control and specific psychopathology. The research part of this thesis is mapping the occurrence of a specific psychopathological phenomena focusing on the emotional eating disorder, night eating syndrome and binge eating and symptoms of eating disorder. Applied methods were "Eating Behavior and Emotionality Questionnaire" (JICHEM), "The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire 6.0" (EDE - Q) and "The Night Eating Questionnaire" (NEQ). The data of quantitative research was evaluated by standard statistical methods. Keywords: Obesity Psychopathology Eating Disorder Night Eating Syndrome Emocional eating theory
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Diabetes mellitus type 1 and depression. Psychopathology by somatic deseases
Komorousová, Jana ; Beran, Jiří (advisor) ; Lacigová, Silvie (referee) ; Jirák, Roman (referee)
Diabetes mellitus is a severe chronic life-long disease. The condition itself introduces a need for patient's lifestyle adjustment to the disease and a number of everyday therapeutic and diagnostic restrictions. Therefore, mental disorders are more common in diabetic patients than in the rest of the population. Biochemical and hormonal connections between mental disorders and diabetes mellitus represent another reason for their higher incidence in diabetic patients. Comorbid mental diseases can further negatively influence the course of diabetes. They are especially depression, anxiety disorders, eating disorders and cognitive disorders including dementia. Type 2 diabetes is also more common in patients with primary mental disease, as is e.g. schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder. Regarding therapy, psychoactive drugs are used in diabetic patients. It is important to respect the specifics of the underlining disease during drug selection. The main factor for the selection of the medication is, apart of mental problems, the influence on body weight and blood glucose. Mental disorders can be also treated by psychotherapy and psychoeducation. Studies performed in diabetic patients with mental problems suggest the need for intervention in this area. The practical part of the work introduces a...
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