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Science Fiction and the Prediction of Technology, Past and Present
Skorobogatova, Margarita ; Sedláček, Pavel (referee) ; Froehling, Kenneth (advisor)
Cílem této bakalářské práce je prozkoumat, zda-li sci-fi dokáže predikovat budoucí vývoj technologií. První kapitola představuje sci-fi spisovatele 19. a 20. století, kteří předpovídali řadu technologických vynálezů vyskytujících se v současnosti. Druhá kapitola se zabývá sci-fi kinematografií, která je popsána a doložena příklady z sci-fi filmů a televizních seriálů. Poslední kapitola je základem různorodých technologických vynálezů současnosti, které jsou popsány a demonstrovány režiséry sci-fi filmů, a považovány za nejvíce pravděpodobné přiklady, které můžou být realizovány v blízké budoucnosti. Závěr popisuje výsledky provedených výzkumů a definuje případný vývoj v budoucnu.
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Knowledge and Opinions of Students on Genetically Modified Organisms
Semencová, Barbora ; Hlaváčová, Lucie (advisor) ; Vojíř, Karel (referee)
This diploma thesis is focused on topic of genetically modified organisms and their use in the practical sectors of human life. Theoretical part of the thesis defines general terms GMO, plasmid, genetic engineering, biotechnology. It also records historical milestones relating to the problematic, deals with individual techniques of genetic engineering and briefly states legislative procedures in context of dealing with GMO. It gives examples of transgenic organisms and summarizes advantages and disadvantages of their use.Practical part of the thesis contains educational program called "Genetically modified organisms", which was conceived by the author and includes a draft of a lesson inclusive of teaching materials - powerpoint presentations, worksheets, interactive worksheets, auxiliary text for teacher and written preparation. Research part deals with high school students change of view about using GMOs after completing the educational program. Due to analysis was proven that most of the attitudes and knowledge about GMO was changed after completing the educational program (for example in issues of willingness to consume GM food and animal products, perception of advantages and disadvantages etc.) Data was still unchanged in questions which cannot be affected by the program (control of food packaging or...
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Birth
Piskova, Olena ; Klímová, Barbora (referee) ; Gabriel, Michal (advisor)
The thesis is a continuation of my subject, "Why?", Also includes the theme of man and the environment. I started to be interested in the controversial topic of genetically modified organisms, genetic engineering. I found a personal story in it. Now it is difficult to comment on the extent to which these researches are important, but we shouldn’t stop there.
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PCR detection of genetically modified soybean in food and feed
CHADIMOVÁ, Nikola
Genetically modified organisms which genetic equipment has been specifically targeted of have been acquiring properties they did not have before. One of the main reasons for this aimed genetic modification in plants is herbicide resistance. Especially in soy case is used the modification to resist to glyphosate. The safety of the food which has been made of genetically modified crops or products of animal fed with GM feed has not been proved so far. This bachelor thesis focuses on methods for detection of GMOs in food and feed. Also, it focuses on verifying the data concerning the presence of GMOs presented by companies on food or feed packaging. The research part of this work contains information about genetic engineering, the issue of genetically modified organisms and also focuses on the description of techniques needed to detect GMOs, especially in processed foods, but also in feeds available on the Czech market. The methodical part of this bachelor thesis focuses on the detection of CaMV 35S promoter occurring in DNA crops that have undergone genetic modification. The presence of a specific transgenic material involved the detection of a particular glyphosate-resistant gene, which is particularly known under the trade name Roundup. There were used basic molecular biological methods to analyze GMOs.
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Potential of genetic engineering for breeding plants tolerant to abiotic stresses: cold resistance in rice
Lotová, Gabriela ; Lipavská, Helena (advisor) ; Janská, Anna (referee)
With increasing population and climate change, there has been an increase in efforts to breed more efficient crops. Genetic engineering has opened unprecedented breeding possibilities in developing plants with desired traits. Transgenic crops with better qualities, including resistance to adverse environmental conditions, can contribute to solving problems of hunger and malnutrition in developing countries. Although society perceives genetically modified crops rather negatively, these crops are widely used as feed for livestock and outside Europe also for human nutrition. Because of the complexity of resistance to abiotic stress, the utility of genetic manipulations for the breeding of resistant plants was previously not anticipated. However, it turned out that modification of the stress signalling cascade or transcription factors can lead to success. This thesis summarizes the possibilities of genetic modification of crops, which may result in better tolerance to cold, and is mainly focused on rice. Part of the work deals with transduction of cold signal, whose modification can also result in increased tolerance to cold. Another part deals with transcription factors that activate expression of low temperature- resistant genes. The greatest attention is paid to CBF/DREB transcription factors that...
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Genetic engineering as a source of moral dilemmas a comparison of argumentation of Christians and atheists
Rybová, Michaela ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Volek, Martin (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to answer the question whether there is a difference between the moral decisions of Christians and atheists in the Czech society. To find the answer, the autor uses moral dilemmas regarding genetic engineering. The author assumes that the contemporary society is secularized and religion is loosing it's influence to people. This fact also means a threat to the traditional moral order in the society and disputes between religion and science. Corresponding question is what keeps the moral order in society. Using qualitative research, it was explored if the moral decisions of Christians are based on the Christian Ethics, what role does the God, as the moral authority, play in their moral decisions making and if a similar authority in the moral decisions of atheists can be found. This paper also applies to the research already processed about the moral decisions making and about the morals, religion and science link. These research had become the basis for the data analysis after. To collect the data, the autor had used the focus group method. Two focus groups had been assembled - the first one was made up of Christians, the second one (reference group) was made up by atheists. The basis of both discussions were six moral dilemmas. The general finding is that the moral...
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Identification and activation of a cryptic biosynthetic gene cluster for manumycin-type metabolites in Saccharothrix espanaensis DSM44229
Zelenka, Tomáš ; Petříčková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Beranová, Jana (referee)
1 Abstract: Secondary metabolism of Gram-positive soil bacteria from the genus Streptomyces is a inestimable source of natural products including manumycins, which belong to a polyketide group. These products possess weak antimicrobial, but important antiinflammatory, and antitumor activities. Streptomyces sp. offers broad amounts of yet undiscovered antibiotics, potentially utilizable in clinical medicine. This fact makes out of these organisms a promising solution to our present problem with rising antibiotic resistance among microorganisms. Two main ways are applied in this research: There are efforts of prepairing new derivates based on known products and creating various modifications in their structure. Next, new producers are discovered by "genome mining" methods, activation of silent gene clusters, followed by improvements of antibiotic production. One of those silent clusters was found in the Saccharothrix espanaensis DSM44229 strain. The genetic information has been transferred to a heterologous host in order to characterize its product. Cluster activation and production of novel manumycin-type metabolites occurred in the host after the transfer.
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Legal regulation of the disposal of genetically modified organisms
Medveďová, Lenka ; Franková, Martina (advisor) ; Humlíčková, Petra (referee)
Legal Regulation of the Use of Genetically Modified Organisms ABSTRACT The use of genetically modified organisms on a global scale is on the rise which requires their efficient and consistent regulation. The main goal of the thesis is to provide a comprehensive overview of the legal regulation of genetically modified organisms and their use on several levels. After an introduction to the topic, the thesis deals with the key international documents and then moves on to examining different approaches on the topic and exploring regulation in the United States and in the European Union with a connection the legislation in Czech Republic. In addition, four annexes are included at the end of the thesis for a better illustration of the current use of genetically modified organisms in the world.
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