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Postmodern Philosophy and its Influence in Russia
Karela, Jan ; Krámský, David (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee) ; Blažková, Miloslava (referee)
The first part of this thesis describes the development of philosophy in Russia up to the so- called diamat, that is, to the period of Lenin's philosophy of dialectical materialism. In the second part it is described postmodern issues in contemporary Western thought, including the contexts in historical development. The last part deals first with the general features of Russian postmodern thought. Next part of the last chapter deals in more detail with the thought of M. N. Epstein and his view of the development and state of postmodern thought in Russia. Russian thought was marked by a long isolation from Western thought. In an effort to quickly catch up with the West, features of messianism are emerging. Russia is convinced that the West will quickly catch up and has the potential to overtake the West and become the thought leader of Europe. Said leads to the acceptance of the idea of communism and the subsequent further isolation of Russia. Nevertheless, in 1991 is rapidly coming to terms with postmodern thinking. M. N. Epstein concludes from this that there are identical features in communist ideology with postmodern thought, and therefore it was postmodernism in Russia much earlier than in Europe. KEYWORDS Ideology, information explosion, communism, postmodern thought, freedom, Russia, the West.
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Man is Adam, man is Christ: according to st. Augustine
Šavel, Tibor ; Vopřada, David (advisor) ; Salvet, Ondřej (referee)
Annotation: This thesis will address the view of the state of man in paradise and the state of man at the moment of disobedience that occurred through an act of man's will contrary to the manifested will of the Creator communicated to the creature through reason and will. It will describe the condition of man who, through his incarnation, was accepted by the Son of God, namely Jesus Christ. This incarnation is a historical event and encourages man to follow the one who incarnated him. In doing so, man can participate in building the kingdom of God here on Earth. All this will be written according to the anthropology of St. Augustine, as described in his writing. Key words: man, disobedience, sin, will, freedom, healing, celebration
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Ethics Horizons at a Gymnazium
FEJTOVÁ, Blanka
The thesis deals with the state of interpersonal relationships, students' relations to humanities and science and ethical values in grammar school. The theoretical part deals with the principles of upbringing and education at grammar school and the definition of the concepts of ethical values. The practical part includes a system of evaluation of the interpretations of students' interviews with regard to the quality of interpersonal relationships and level of teaching, students' attitudes and relationships to the school subjects taught and ethical values. The quality of interpersonal relationships appears to be at a very good level in connection with the size of the gymnasium of around 400 students. The level of teaching meets the expectations of the students and the requirements for admission to universities and thus legitimises the existence of a generally focused grammar school. The students accept with slight resentment the disbalance in favour of science while subjects of humanities are neglected, and they show the practice of basic ethical values.
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Freedom and Public Health in a Pandemic
Tomášková, Jana ; Guasti, Petra (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
Bakalářská práce se věnuje kalibraci demokratických svobod a jejich instrumentalizaci v době pandemického vládnutí. Problematika je demonstrována na příkladu České republiky nacházející se v nouzovém stavu a nahlížena skrze korektivní úlohu ÚS ČR, který je garantem proporcionálního vyvažování ochrany veřejného zdraví a rovněž ochrany demokratických svobod. Panující tenze bezesporu testuje právní stát i funkčnost systému brzd a protiváh, jehož existence přímo chrání povahu demokratičnosti zřízení. Ukazuje se, že i v nouzovém stavu existuje oblast občanských práv a svobod, jejíž faktické narušení zůstává předmětem legitimního sporu mezi exekutivou a judikativou.
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Berlin's Positive Freedom in T. H. Green's Thought
Hulvertová, Anna ; Halamka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
Tato bakalářská práce je zaměřena na dva politické filozofy, kteří významným způsobem rozvinuli koncept pozitivní svobody. Isaiah Berlin je asi nejznámějším autorem rozdělujícím svobodu na pozitivní a negativní. T. H. Green, i když v dnešní době, a hlavně českém prostředí tolik známý není, byl ve své době považován za transformátora celého liberálního směru a myšlení o svobodě právě díky interpretaci pozitivní svobody. V této práci se proto snažím zjistit, zda pozitivní svoboda definovaná I. Berlinem odpovídá tomu, jak o ni ve svých dílech hovořil T. H. Green. Pozitivní svoboda je velice významný koncept v politické filozofii, stejně tak mají svůj zásadní význam oba autoři. Jejich komparace proto přináší na koncept pozitivní svobody nový pohled. Detailnější analýza jednotlivých autorů a následná komparace jejich myšlení o pozitivní svobodě ukazuje na výrazné odlišnosti mezi jejich pojetím pozitivní svobody, a tím pádem i na existenci možnosti odlišného uchopení tohoto pojmu, než je pouze obecně nejvíce známá Berlinova definice.
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Aquinas and Suarez on Free Will
STRAKOVÁ, Kristýna
he diploma thesis deals with free will, mainly from a historical point of view, specifically from the point of view of Aquinas and Suárez. They are contrasted with Hobbes, who takes a completely different position. In this diploma thesis, it is mainly a comparison of the concepts of free will of Aquinas and Suárez. In the first chapter, free will is discussed in general, in the following chapter, various directions that deal with free will are listed. Other chapters are devoted to Aquinas, Suárez and Hobbes. In the last chapter, the opinions of these authors are compared.
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