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Multiple Sclerosis - Neuropsychological markers for monitoring disease activity
Friedová, Lucie ; Uher, Tomáš (advisor) ; Holštajn Zemánková, Petra (referee) ; Libertínová, Jana (referee)
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that generates a wide range of clinical symptoms. These include cognitive impairment, a set of symptoms closely associated with the quality of life, which also serves as one of the most important predictors of limited ability to work. This doctoral thesis presents the output from four studies divided into three areas focusing on neuropsychological markers in connection to other manifestations and effects of MS. The first researched area is the link between speech characteristics and the information processing speed by patients with MS. Our study has proven a profound association between lower speed of articulation and below-average performance in terms of information processing speed. We have proven that acoustic quantitative speech analysis has the potential to identify patients with below-average cognitive performance. Another goal of this doctoral thesis was to ascertain the predictive value of serum neurofilament light chain levels in recently diagnosed patients with MS for the development of cognitive disorder within nine years of observation. During the period of observation, we uncovered only a loose link between high levels at the onset of the disease and the deterioration of cognitive functions in...
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East and West and Cognition
Koláček, Luboš ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Rybák, David (referee) ; Kalábová, Helena (referee)
The work is a philosophical and necessarily also historical-philosophical comparative analysis of mutually corresponding accents of the issue spanning the period from the 8th century BC to the present, with regard to the "axial period" of cultural "miracle" similarly prosperous cultures and philosophies in the relatively severed countries of East and West. It then deals in more detail with some important and fundamental philosophers and spiritual teachers, related scholars or artists of various disciplines, but also lesser-known personalities, based on general inputs into the deepest depths of thought of these thinkers, all in a relatively intuitive connection, because the scope of work does not allow for a more detailed continuous interpretation of such a wide range of issues. In the end, the author emphasizes, philosophically analyzes and evaluates the most pressing issues of contemporary society. The work should primarily show the Way, not lead, but it is up to the reader / researcher to decide how to approach the text. There is always "some" Enlightenment at the end.
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Gnoseological implications of law application
Kallai, Vojtěch ; Tryzna, Jan (advisor) ; Žák Krzyžanková, Katarzyna (referee)
This diploma thesis Gnoseological implication of law application inquires the epistemology of judicial decisions, known as proving. The work does not confine itself to mere law rules of proving before the court; rather it focuses on the comprehensive theory of the judicial cognition, which dwells in the proving law basis is not always clearly defined. These basis or axioms of law epistemology are to be exploited and clarified by our paper. Except the introduction and the final conclusion, the analyses are divided into four chapters. The chapter Prolegomena k teorii poznání explores the general cognition philosophy with references to the critical reflection of the (both empirical and rational) cognitional possibilities. It is supposed to be a source of the scrutiny of the special judicial cognition. The following chapter Specifika poznávání v právu uses the descriptive method to study the main characteristics of the specific judicial cognition as long as they differ from the characteristics of the general cognition. The comparison of the theoretical and real law approach is also given a consideration. The chapter Pragmatická doktrína is trying to provide integration as well as a generalization of the previous discoveries and in the conclusion it aims to provide clear and explicit gnoseological theory...
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The impact of nature on human health and development
Antošová, Eliška ; Vomáčko, Ladislav (advisor) ; Turčová, Ivana (referee)
Title: The Impact of Nature on Human Health and Development Objectives: The main aim of this bachelor thesis was to do a detail research of foreign scientific articles concerning effects of nature on human health and development of individual. Methods: To do the desk research of academic literature, the databases of foreign scientific articles such as PubMed, Medline, Scopus have been used. Results: There are studies which focus on influence of environment on people and examine this influence on three levels: physiological, psychological and cognitive. Results show a potential effect of natural environment on people on all researched levels. Studies describe this effect of environment as restorative and is commonly explained by two major theories: 1) Attention Restoration Theory explains this restorative effect by regeneration of directed attention capacity. 2) Stress Recovery Theory explains the restorative effect like a positive influence on emotional state of an individual. This has a positive consequence in lowering stress levels of the individual and it also induces desired physiological processes which lead to relaxation, regeneration and release. Furthermore, the studies show that there is significant role of environment in the overall development of an individual and they mention negative...
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Beneficial Effects of 11β-HSD1 Inhibition on Cognitive Performance in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease
Červinková, Tereza ; Červený, Lukáš (advisor) ; Musílek, Kamil (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Candidate: Tereza Červinková Supervisor: PharmDr. Lukáš Červený, Ph.D. Title: Beneficial Effects of 11β-HSD1 Inhibition on Cognitive Performance in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease The increased life expectancy goes hand in hand with ageing-related cognitive impairments. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia being an irreversible and progressive brain disorder with loss of cognitive functions. Recent studies suggest that excess of glucocorticoid (GC) action exerts deleterious effects on the hippocampus and causes impaired spatialmemory. In addition, it has been demonstrated that aged mice with cognitive deficits show increased gene expression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) in the hippocampus and parietal cortex. The Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Prone 8 (SAMP8) strain is a spontaneous animal model of accelerated ageing. Many studies indicate that SAMP8 harbour the behavioural and histopathological signatures of AD. In the present study, we evaluated the neuroprotective effects of 11β-HSD1 inhibition by a potent pyrrolidine-based compound RL-118 and/or effects of diet on cognitive performance in different groups of SAMP8 by conducting behavioural and...
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Beneficial Effects of 11β-HSD1 Inhibition on Cognitive Performance in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease
Červinková, Tereza ; Červený, Lukáš (advisor) ; Musílek, Kamil (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Candidate: Tereza Červinková Supervisor: PharmDr. Lukáš Červený, Ph.D. Title: Beneficial Effects of 11β-HSD1 Inhibition on Cognitive Performance in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease The increased life expectancy goes hand in hand with ageing-related cognitive impairments. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia being an irreversible and progressive brain disorder with loss of cognitive functions. Recent studies suggest that excess of glucocorticoid (GC) action exerts deleterious effects on the hippocampus and causes impaired spatialmemory. In addition, it has been demonstrated that aged mice with cognitive deficits show increased gene expression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) in the hippocampus and parietal cortex. The Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Prone 8 (SAMP8) strain is a spontaneous animal model of accelerated ageing. Many studies indicate that SAMP8 harbour the behavioural and histopathological signatures of AD. In the present study, we evaluated the neuroprotective effects of 11β-HSD1 inhibition by a potent pyrrolidine-based compound RL-118 and/or effects of diet on cognitive performance in different groups of SAMP8 by conducting behavioural and...
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How children solve word problems in mathematics containing traditional and non-traditional gender content
Nováková, Veronika ; Smetáčková, Irena (advisor) ; Páchová, Anna (referee)
The goal of my thesis is to find out how school children react to word problems in mathematics that defy traditional distinction of gender roles in a typical household. This Bachelor Thesis compares in which word problems (with traditional or nontraditional gender content) children score higher and whether boys/girls in 2nd or 6th grade are more successful in solving them. It also differentiates if there are any noticeable differences between girls and boys. The research was carried out by mixed methodology and I used sequential progression of data. Firstly, I handed out the forms, then came the investigation of previously mentioned forms which granted me a better insight on the research of this particular phenomenon in the field. After the quantitative collecting of data came the qualitative investigation using half-structured interviews.
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Motivation to study french language at the high school
Černá, Klára ; Klinka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Nováková, Sylva (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on the motivation of students at high school to study french language. The aim is to discover how is possible to motivate students in french language teaching. The thesis consists of the theoretical and the practical part. The theoretical part describes motivation to study french from the point of view of her three main components: learning, social environment of school and character of french language. The practical part has research form and explores what motivate students at high school to study french, compares motivation for this language at elementary school contrary to high school and compares english to french at high school. The main explored aspects of motivation in research part were: the reasons to study, measure of motivation, teaching environment, surrounding environment of french language, forms of teaching, social influence and barriers in studying french language. I collected the knowledge for the topic by questionnaire survey at Grammar school in Ústí nad labem, at Grammar school in Děčín, at Elementary school school Nativity in Děčín. Discovered finding out in summary of research results are verbally evaluated and interpreted with visual graphs accompaniment. I present the aims of research finding out in section results of aims in research. I...
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Anotated translation: José Luis Díaz: "CIENCIA Y ARTE: LA INTELIGENCIA DE LAS MUSAS"
Hrách, Ondřej ; Králová, Jana (advisor) ; Charvátová, Anežka (referee)
This bachelor's thesis consists of two main parts. The first part is constituted by the translation from Spanish to Czech of the selected essays written by the Mexican author José Luis Díaz and published in his book El ábaco, la lira y la rosa: las regiones del conocimiento, specifically in the sixth chapter named CIENCIA Y ARTE: LA INTELIGENCIA DE LAS MUSAS. The second part consists of the translation annotation, which is comprised of the translation analysis of the source text, the characterisation of the applied translation procedures, and the description of the specific problems arisen during the translation process, including the explanation of the chosen solutions. Key words: annotated translation, translation of essays, translation analysis, translation problems, translation procedures, Mexican essay, science and art, knowledge, cognition
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