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Wireless sensor network
Beneš, Vladimír ; Pavlík, Michal (referee) ; Bohrn, Marek (advisor)
The bachelor thesis describes the design and implementation of wireless sensor network for temperature measurement. Network have to meet requirements for multi-hop network-type. That means, the sensor unit is out of the range, information about the measured temperature will be transfer between sensors. The sensor that is in range of the control unit will retransmit data from multiple sites to the main device. The sensors and the control unit are controlled by a microcontroller and a battery-powered for better mobility. The transfer of measurement data uses free zone for short-range devices - 433 MHz.
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Wireless sensor network
Beneš, Vladimír ; Pavlík, Michal (referee) ; Bohrn, Marek (advisor)
The bachelor thesis describes the design and implementation of wireless sensor network for temperature measurement. Network have to meet requirements for multi-hop network-type. That means, the sensor unit is out of the range, information about the measured temperature will be transfer between sensors. The sensor that is in range of the control unit and will have saved data from multiple sites, to transmit all the data controller. The sensors and the control unit are controlled by a microcontroller and a battery-powered for better mobility. The transfer of measurement data uses free zone for short-range devices - 433 MHz.
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Carotid Artery Stenosis
Svoboda, Norbert ; Beneš, Vladimír (advisor) ; Peisker, Tomáš (referee) ; Herzig, Roman (referee)
The basis of the doctoral thesis consists of three studies focused on the diagnosis of carotid stenosis. The first study examines the histological structure of carotid plaques and their relationship to clinical manifestations. The study included 269 patients with 280 analyzed plaques. Multiple logistic regression demonstrated a significant association between symptomatic stenosis and foam cells (OR=1.9, p=0.03) as well as plaque thrombosis (OR=3.5, p=0.02). A significant correlation was also found between symptomatic plaque and unstable plaque according to the comprehensive AHA plaque classification (OR=1.8, p=0.03).The second study addresses the accuracy of carotid stenosis diagnosis using digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Carotid stenosis was measured on DSA and histologically processed plaques obtained during carotid endarterectomy in 644 patients. The study did not establish a correlation between the findings on the histological plaque and DSA (correlation coefficient of 0.22 for ECST and 0.20 for NASCET). The last study focuses on the analysis of the biomarker of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, MDA) as a predictor of unstable carotid plaques. The study involved 35 patients. Patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis and those who experienced amaurosis fugax had significantly lower...
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Skull Base Meningiomas
May, Michaela ; Beneš, Vladimír (advisor) ; Smrčka, Martin (referee) ; Suchomel, Petr (referee)
This dissertation is a set of 5 studies focused on skull base meningiomas. The anatomical study explored the dislocation of the outer and inner arachnoid membranes by the skull base meningiomas. The findings can be applied during surgical resection to predict the presence or absence of the arachnoid dissection plane and the adherence of critical neurovascular structures. The Czech multicentric study documented overall survival 98.1 %, morbidity 13.2 %, and mortality 1.3 %. Predictive factors of histological grade, the extent of resection, clinical outcomes, risk of recurrence and progression were analyzed. Petroclival meningiomas originating within the interpeduncular and prepontine cisterns were the most surgically challenging. Our prospective study focused on the examination of olfaction in olfactory groove meningiomas. The predictors of olfaction preservation were intact olfaction, lower volume and unilateral surgical approach. Olfaction examination is essential to choose surgical strategy and evaluate functional outcome. In a retrospective study of Simpson grade IV resections, adjuvant stereotactic radiosurgery was associated with longer progression-free survival, time-to- progression, and overall survival. Due to the high percentage of progressions (50 %) and the long overall survival (10...
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Dissection of Cervical Segment Internal Carotid Artery
Šercl, Miroslav ; Raupach, Jan (advisor) ; Köcher, Martin (referee) ; Beneš, Vladimír (referee)
Aims: The main aim of this study is to analyse the effectiveness, safety and causal relationships of treatment of patients with carotid artery dissection arising spontaneously, due to trauma or from an iatrogenic cause. Methods: In all patients, we analyzed baseline clinical symptomatology and NIHSS, findings on initial CTA (ev. DSA), selected therapy in the acute phase, follow-up brain imaging, medication at discharge, and clinical findings at 3 months with assessment of NIHSS and mRS with carotid artery imaging by ultrasound or CTA. The first group consisted of 38 patients with spontaneous ICA dissection. Currently asymptomatic patients after a resolved TIA or patients with NIHSS ≤ 3 were treated conservatively with antiplatelet or anticoagulation therapy. Patients with significant neurological deficit (NIHSS ≥ 4) were treated with intravenous thrombolysis, or stent implantation in the neck dissection area, mechanical thrombectomy of the distal emboli, or a combination of all methods. The second group included 16 patients with traumatic ICA dissection diagnosed on whole- body CT scan as part of the post-trauma evaluation. Patients with brain injury or major bleeding lesions were kept without antithrombotic therapy until their condition stabilized with early switch to anticoagulation therapy with...
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Hemodynamic parameters of the cervical carotid bed of saline in the throes of stenosis of the carotid bulb and the bed capacity of treated recanalization excercise
Gregová, Daniela ; Kalvach, Pavel (advisor) ; Zvěřina, Eduard (referee) ; Beneš, Vladimír (referee) ; Bauer, Jiří (referee)
With the increasing number of patients suffering from some metabolic diseases leading to the development of atherosclerosis there is an urgent need for early diagnosis of the scale. If we think about disability sclerotic cerebral arteries, the optimal method of investigation is duplex ultrasonography, which is relatively inexpensive and friendly for the patient. To assess not only the structure and extent of atherosclerotic plaque, but also to assess the extent of any narrowing of the arteries and to evaluate the hemodynamic impact of structural changes present. It is an ideal candidate for screening in primary or secondary prevention of stroke, as well as for regular checks dispensarized patients. Knowledge of normal hemodynamic conditions in the cervical carotid stream is necessary in the assessment of various pathological conditions. This paper seeks to offer the most comprehensive view on the issue of carotid stenoses ultrasonografisty eyes. For practical reasons we focus on localized stenosis in the carotid bulb, the number is high above the stenosis in other locations.
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Pathophysiological mechanisms in idiopathic scoliosis
Boček, Václav ; Štětkářová, Ivana (advisor) ; Beneš, Vladimír (referee) ; Ehler, Edvard (referee)
Pathophysiological mechanisms in idiopathic scoliosis A neurophysiological study of cortical and spinal inhibitory circuits and myogenic aspects of idiopathic scoliosis Author: MUDr. Václav Boček Supervisor: prof. MUDr. Ivana Štětkářová, CSc. INTRODUCTION: Although adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) represents the most common spinal deformity, its aetiology remains still unknown. The origins of the disease are spotted at the local level (the spine and the paraspinal muscles) and/ or general - endocrinological (melatonin, leptin), sensory (vestibular system, impaired own body image) and at the level of motor cortex, where the impaired sensorimotor integration has not been properly debated nor documented. The central inhibitory mechanisms are still somewhat omitted. AIM OF THE STUDY: Our study was focused on local changes at the level of paraspinal muscles and central inhibitory mechanisms at the brain and spinal cord level. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We compared AIS patients and healthy controls (HC). Firstly We performed needle EMG of paraspinal muscles. Secondly perioperative muscle biopsies were collected during correctional surgery focused on the distinguishing type I and II muscle fibres proportion. We also studied spinal inhibition with the spinal inhibitory reflex cutaneous silent period. Motor...
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The Carotid Stump Syndrome
Hrbáč, Tomáš ; Beneš, Vladimír (advisor) ; Přibáň, Vladimír (referee) ; Haninec, Pavel (referee)
Introduction: Internal Carotid Stump Syndrome may be one of the possible causes of ischemic stroke (iCMP), as well as retinal infarction (RI). Syndrome of the occluded internal carotid (ACI) (stump syndrome) is a nosological unit, which is characterized by an onset of ipsilateral iCMP or RI of thromboembolic ethiology in patients with occlusion of ACI via the externa carotid or arteria ophthalmica. In my thesis, I have concentrated upon the specification of the stump syndrome, its diagnostics and treatment; furthermore I have assessed the appropriateness of surgical approach in comparison with conservative approach. Material and methods: A total of 621 patients with occlusion were treated in two centres in the course of five years. In a group of 40 patients, the ACI occlusion was detected sonographically, the length of the occluded ACI being >5 mm, with normal vasoreactivity based upon SPECT CO2 and excluded cardiogenic cause of iCMP. The patients were divided in two groups - surgical and conservative. Patients were monitored in 6-month intervals for the total period of four years. Results: No RI or iCMP were detected in the surgical group; one patient died six months after surgery. We observed one case of amaurosis fugax in the conservative group. Conclusion: Ultrasound examination is a fully sufficient...
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Unruptured intracranial aneurysms : Does the risk of endovascular treatment outweigh natural history?
Beneš, Vladimír ; Stejskal, Lubor (advisor) ; Haninec, Pavel (referee) ; Janoušková, Ladislava (referee)
Summary: Background: The management of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) remains controversial. The international study of UIAs (ISUIA) found low rates of rupture and appreciable treatment risks, which can be interpreted that many UIAs should not be treated. Results of endovascular coiling of 131 patients with UIAs are presented along with a risk-benefit analysis based on patient and aneurysm characteristics. Patients and methods: From December 1996 to September 2005, 131 patients (93 women and 38 men, mean age 51 years) with 151 UIAs were treated using detachable coil embolisation. Data on procedural complications, patient and aneurysm characteristics, clinical and radiological follow-up were entered into a prospectively collected database. A risk-benefit analysis was performed. Results: Endovascular treatment was successful in 145 (96%) aneurysms. One aneurysm ruptured intraoperatively with a fatal outcome. Ten thromboembolic events occurred, leaving one patient moderately disabled. The combined morbidity and mortality rate at 6 months per patient is 1,5% (95% confidence interval: 0,07 - 5,7%). Risk-benefit analysis comparing these data with published natural history suggests that treatment with low complication rates can be offered to most patients with UIAs. Conclusion: UIAs can be coiled with...
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Treatment for Brain Arteriovenous Malformations
Bradáč, Ondřej ; Beneš, Vladimír (advisor) ; Haninec, Pavel (referee) ; Vaverka, Miroslav (referee)
Introduction: The surgical and endovascular results of the treatment of pial AVM provided at our Neurosurgical centre are presented. These results are supported by neuropsychological outcomes of subgroup of treated patients. Going by these results and by an overview of literary data on the efficacy and complications of each therapeutic modality, the optimal algorithm of indications is presented Cohort of patients: The main series comprises 222 patients aged 9 to 87 years treated in the years 1998 - 2013. The surgical group consists of 85 patients, 55 patients received solely endovascular treatment. Thirty-four patients were consulted and referred directly to the Radiosurgical unit. The remaining 48 were recommended to abide by the strategy of "watch and wait". A subgroup of 66 patients, who underwent treatment of AVM was neuro-psychologically tested at least two years after treatment using a battery of tests constructed specifically for this study. A control group consisted of 10 subjects without any neurological disease. Results: In the surgical group, serious complications were 3.5% at a 96.5% therapeutic efficacy. As for AVM treated with purely endovascular methods, serious procedural complications were seen in 5.5% of patients, with efficacy totalling 36.4%. One observed patient suffered...
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