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Anthropology of Body: Application of the Model to the Eating Disorders Phenomenon
Dvořáková, Michaela ; Soukup, Martin (advisor) ; Rychlík, Martin (referee) ; Šulová, Lenka (referee)
The subject of the thesis is a theoretical and empirical analysis of the human body, which is examined through the prism of eating disorders. Methodologically, the project rests upon the core methods of cultural anthropology. The purpose of the thesis is an application and testing of concepts apply concepts developed by the author of the thesis to research embodiment, specifically eating disorders perceived as culturally conditioned phenomena. The broader goal is thus to contribute to the development of the field of anthropology of body and contribute to the development of its theoretical and empirical foundations, while its specific aim is to apply the model of anthropology of body to the research of eating disorders. The thesis proceeds from the general interpretation to the specific research agenda It is divided into three interrelated sections. The first part presents a summary of concepts and approaches to embodiment in social sciences, accentuating a diachronic perspective. In the second section the concept of embodiment is outlined introducing three structural levels. Anthropology of body serves as a starting point for tackling the issue of eating disorders. The third part is an empirical section. The outputs of the research on the body image of people with eating disorders are presented,...
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Molecular aspects of musculoskeletal diseases and the role of small regulatory RNAs
Pleštilová, Lenka ; Vencovský, Jiří (advisor) ; Šedivá, Anna (referee) ; Hrnčíř, Zbyněk (referee)
Rheumatic diseases are common, usually chronic, painful and to some extent invalidating medical conditions. Understanding of the disease pathogenesis is still very fragmentary. Hyperreactivity of the immune system and defect of autotolerance are probably contributed by local factors, which helps to explain, why some joints/muscles are more affected than others. All this results from a complex net of interactions between immune cells, synovial fibroblasts, chondrocytes, osteocytes, myocytes and other cells. In the submitted PhD thesis I have focused on three groups of molecules: regulatory RNAs, S100 proteins and autoantibodies. In the theoretical part, I sum up the current knowledge on their biogenesis, function and the role in rheumatology. In the investigative part, I present six original publications and one review on the role of those molecules in development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and idiopathic inflammatory myositis (IIM). One of the main studies was focused on expression of PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) in RA synovial fibroblasts (SF). piRNAs are small regulatory RNAs which in complex with PIWIL proteins regulate gene expression and silence transpozoms. piRNA expression was considered to be limited to germline and cancer cells. We have found 267 PIWI-interacting RNAs to be expressed...
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Characterization and utilization of feacal microflora components in experimental models of human civilisation diseases
Šrůtková, Dagmar ; Kozáková, Hana (advisor) ; Prokešová, Ludmila (referee) ; Mihál, Vladimír (referee)
Interaction between intestinal microbiota and host mucosal immune system plays crucial role in maintenance of mucosal homeostasis. Dysbiosis, altered composition of microbial communities, has been shown to be associated with life-style diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or allergies. In this regard, probiotics are valuable tool for the improvement of gut microbiota disbalance and proper stimulation of the immune system. In this thesis we focused on taxonomical classification of Bifidobacterium longum human origin strains by PCR-based methods, in vitro characterization of immunomodulatory properties of selected Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains and evaluation of the beneficial effect of selected bacterial strains in IBD and allergy experimental mouse models. We investigated four different PCR-based methods and biochemical analysis for the taxonomical classification of twenty-eight B. longum isolates from the healthy human faeces. The Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis was the only method to be able to differentiate the analyzed strains into the B. longum/infantis subspecies. We showed that the analyzed immunostimulatory properties of bifidobacterial strains are strictly strain-specific. In a mouse model of acute ulcerative colitis, we have demonstrated that...
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Nanostructures and Materials for Antiferromagnetic Spintronics
Reichlová, Helena ; Novák, Vít (advisor) ; Ferguson, Andrew (referee) ; Kunc, Jan (referee)
This thesis is focused on two open problems of antiferromagnetic (AFM) spintronics: manipulation of AFM coupled moments and development of new materials combining AFM and semiconductor properties. We present three particular methods enabling AFM moments manipulation. The rst method, based on the exchange spring effect in an AFM/FM double layer, strongly de- pends on the AFM layer thickness and temperature. We systematically vary these two parameters and identify the conditions when AFM moments can be manip- ulated. By the second method, cooling an AFM in a magnetic eld through the critical temperature, we prove the concept of a fully AFM-based (containing no FM) spintronic device. The last studied method is based on current induced effects in nanostructures containing an AFM. By systematic study of samples with and without AFM we demonstrate the ability of AFM moments to absorb a current induced torque. Relying neither on a FM nor on cooling in magnetic eld, this method represents an elegant way of AFM moments manipulation. In the second experimental part new materials for AFM spintronics are discussed, and one representative example, CuMnAs, is studied in detail. Characterization of bulk and epitaxial CuMnAs is presented and rst spintronic functionality is shown. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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International Legal Aspects of Rebuilding State Structures in Post-Conflict Areas
Mongiello, Andrej ; Šturma, Pavel (advisor) ; Ondřej, Jan (referee) ; Jílek, Dalibor (referee)
International Legal Aspects of Rebuilding State Structures in Post-Conflict Areas Abstract The dissertation thesis International Legal Aspects of Rebuilding State Structures in Post-Conflict Areas deals with creation, acceptance and implementation of peace agreements. The emphasis is on nature, functions and status of the peace agreements within international law. The second major area of research is a legislation of the implementation of peace agreements in the period between the termination of armed conflict and rebuilding a just and sustainable peace in the country when the armed conflict was undergoing. The implementation process is extremely complex and fragmented, which requires major efforts to ensure an effective and efficient outcome of the process. In a specific section we are focusing on case studies of implementation processes (i.e. solution of legal relations between Sudan and South Sudan). The concept of jus post bellum, which seeks to build on the law of armed conflict, is used for the legislation of the implementation in the doctrine of international law. In addition to jus post bellum we will mention also new approaches to international mediation, Responsibility to Protect, Transitional Justice and lex pacificatoria. As results of the work are findings that the peace agreement, excluding...
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Counterparty Credit Risk and Interest Rate Derivatives Pricing
Černý, Jakub ; Witzany, Jiří (advisor) ; Hurt, Jan (referee) ; Málek, Jiří (referee)
Counterparty Credit Risk and Interest Rate Derivatives Pricing Jakub Černý Abstract: This thesis deals with the pricing of OTC financial derivatives including the coun- terparty credit risk (CCR). It focuses on the interest rate derivatives for which the interest rate must be modeled as random. This is where they differ from the pricing of other derivatives. The credit valuation adjustment (CVA) concept is used to calculate CCR which is in line with current banking regulation Basel III. When we assume the independence of the underlying asset and the credit quality of the counterparty, we obtain an analytical expression of CVA. However, if the independence is violated, the CVA calculation becomes quite complicated. Specifically, the CVA of the inter- est rate swap (IRS) is calculated mainly using the simulation approach which is time and computationally consuming. Therefore, we bring two new methods for IRS CVA calculation where the CVA is expressed in a semi-analytical form. These methods use copula functions, particularly the Gaussian copula and the upper Fréchet bound, and we compare them numerically with a complex simulation study. Furthermore, we pro- pose a method of calibration of the correlation coefficient and we determine the impact of changes in the intensity of default on the final CVA with four...
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Benefits of retina laser photocoagulation using PASCAL system
Němčanský, Jan ; Studnička, Jan (advisor) ; Kolář, Petr (referee) ; Řehák, Jiří (referee)
- Benefits of retina laser photocoagulation using PASCAL system Objective. To evaluate functional, anatomical and clinical efficacy, and safety of the pattern scanning laser (PASCAL®) photocoagulation in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and/or diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods. From 2008 to 2013, 235 eyes of 151 patients were treated with pattern laser photo- coagulation at the Ophthalmology Department at University Hospital Ostrava. Patients were analyzed in the subgroups A, B and C according to presence of DR and/or DME indicated to panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) and grid or focal macular laser treatment. In the group A, one eye of the same patient was treated with pattern photocoagulation (20 ms/impulse) and the fellow eye with conventional settings. In groups B and C all eyes were treated with pattern photocoagulation. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT), fun- dus photography, biomicroscopy, complications, pain response and duration of the treatment were evaluated during the minimum 12months follow-up period. Statistical analysis using parametrical and nonparametrical tests with p less than 0,05 was done. Results. Pattern laser PRP lead to BCVA stabilization in patients with very severe nonprolife- rative DR (NPDR) and proliferative DR (PDR). DME...
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The history of science in the seventeenth century: Science, Religion and Priest Valentim Estancel S.J.
Rego Monturil, Frederico Guilherme ; Binková, Simona (advisor) ; Štěpánek, Pavel (referee) ; Klíma, Jan (referee)
This thesis aims to discuss the History of Science in the Modern Age. It is a historical- philosophical reflection on the relationship between Science and Religion in the seventeenth century through the trip, works and life of the Czech mathematician, astronomer and Jesuit priest Valentin Stancel in Moravia, Bohemia, Italy, Portugal and Brazil . This study seeks to redimension the participation of the priests of the Society of Jesus in the development of the modern era by higlighting the activity of the Jesuit priests in the political-religious and scientific transformations that occurred in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in Europe, in the Orient and in Portuguese America. The present study aims to reflect on the scientific discoveries of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, especially in the fields of mathematics and astronomy; the new conception of man and world that springs from the political and religious transformations of reformist thought and cultural renaissance; the shock of the new scientific theories and experiences with the Sacred Scriptures and consequently with Christian-Aristotelian scholastic theology; besides contesting the lack of participation of priests, or even religion, in contributing for the development of science. The timeframe of the work takes place primarily...
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Novel mechanisms regulating immune tolerance and homeostasis in the intestine
Dobeš, Jan ; Filipp, Dominik (advisor) ; Černý, Jan (referee) ; Abramson, Jakub (referee)
Immune tolerance to host own tissues and cells is the fundamental attribute of properly working immune system. The repertoire of effector T-cells, which possess randomly generated antigen-specific receptors, is during their development shaped by central immune tolerance to retain only those specificities which do not recognize self-antigens. In addition, various mechanisms of peripheral tolerance keep in check potentially self reactive cells which escaped from the protective mechanism of central tolerance. Thus, a tight regulation of tolerance, operating at several anatomical places in the host body, collectively imposes immune homeostasis and well-being of the organism. The breach of central tolerance can have far reaching consequences, as demonstrated by mutations in Autoimmune regulator gene. These mutations lead to the development of severe autoimmune disease, comprising several clinical components, gastrointestinal associated symptoms including. We have shown, that in the absence of Autoimmune regulator, the occurrence of gastrointestinal symptoms is associated with the loss of thymic- mediated central tolerance to enteric α-defensins, essential antimicrobial peptides produced by intestinal Paneth cells. The loss of tolerance leads to the escape of defensin-specific T-cells to immune periphery...
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