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Pre-election TV debates on the example of the 2023 presidential election
Preissová, Viktorie ; Nečas, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Jirák, Jan (referee)
This master thesis deals with the pre-election TV debates before the second round of the presidential elections in 2023 in the Czech Republic, when Petr Pavel and Andrej Babiš stood against each other. The thesis draws on political communication theory, normative media theory, agenda-setting theory and previous analyses of the TV debates. Using quantitative content analysis, the three selected pre-election duels are examined in terms of the moderator's agenda setting, the types of moderator's questions and speeches, the candidates' agenda setting, the candidates' running away from the topic, and the type and tonality of the candidates' messages. The results of the analysis show that each moderator gave different importance to each topic. However, the moderators most frequently focused on the presidency itself, the conduct of the election, the communist past of both candidates, security issues, and the current government. In most cases, their speeches were neutral and did not take the form of a question. The debate on Czech Television, moderated by Martin Řezníček, had the most even distribution of replicas on each topic. Nova and Prima TV had a less even distribution of topics, and two topics dominated both of them. On both Nova and Prima, the most frequently communicated instructions were those...
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Election strategy of candidates in the 2023 presidential elections in the Czech Republic
Mariašová, Linda ; Hájek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Drašar, Michael (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the analysis of the candidate's election campaign strategies in the presidential elections in the Czech Republic in 2023. The campaigns of the three most successful candidates - Andrej Babiš, Danuše Nerudová, and Petr Pavel - were subjected to a thematic analysis based on the analysis of the media outputs and the candidate's social media posts. The thesis aimed to identify the strategies used in the period before the first round of elections based on the typology of Dariusz Skrzypiński. The typology defines four types of strategy - reinforcement, expansion, neutralization and reversal. The theoretical part explains the basic concepts essential for understanding the topic and introduces in detail the initial typology of strategies. The methodological part describes in detail the methods used to carry out the analysis, focusing on data collection and subsequent data analysis. The conclusions of the thesis can be used as a starting point for further research on candidates' strategies in presidential campaigns or election campaigns in general, especially in the context of correlating the use of strategies with final election results.
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Comparison of Andrej Babiš and Emmanuel Macron in the context of political entry, ideology and European stances
Urbaník, Milan ; Perottino, Michel (advisor) ; Michal, Aleš (referee)
The paper compares the relationship between Andrej Babiš and Emmanuel Macron. In the first part it compares their entry into the political arena using the Genetic Model by Angelo Panebianco. Both politicians, Babiš and Macron, tried to present their political movements as emerging from the bottom up, but in reality, it was a process of diffusion from the leadership to the periphery. Babiš's ANO is financed directly by himself and his business concern, which legitimises it internally, while Macron's En Marche! relies on donors, which legitimises it externally. Both politicians displayed a situational charisma when they entered the political arena which played a key role in the growth of their political movements. Using Klaus von Beyme's Theory of the Party Family, I compare the ideologies of the two politicians, who share certain liberal elements, especially on economic issues. Both politicians advocate running the state like a business, rejecting the labels of right or left and preferring professional solutions to political ones. They reject political labels and refuse to align themselves with one ideological spectrum. We thus identify elements of technocracy and populism. While Macron's position remains consistent, Babiš is changing his position. The biggest differences, however, can be found in...
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Media entertainment and politainment. Case study: Presidential elections in the Czech Republic
Sova, Matouš ; Křeček, Jan (advisor) ; Nečas, Vlastimil (referee)
The present thesis "Media entertainment and politainment. Case study: Presidential elections in the Czech Republic" analyses political communication in the presidential election campaign in the Czech Republic. Political institutions are increasingly dependent on mass and new media. The notion of politainment is now an integral part of political news. The main aim of this paper is to introduce this concept in the context of the contemporary nature of political communication. The elements of politainment are analysed in the campaigns of the two most successful candidates applying for Head of state of the Czech Republic, Andrej Babiš and Petr Pavel. My primary focus is on the television appearances of both candidates in televised debates on Czech Television, FTV Prima and TV NOVA, which were the highlight of the entire presidential campaign. I was interested in the content of both candidates' messages and the overall character of the debates. In this thesis I am going to answer the following selected questions: What is the role of political communication in politics? How has its form changed since the 1990s? What do we mean by the term "politainment"? What are positive and negative aspects of politainment? What were the issues raised during the presidential campaigns? Can we consider the historic first direct...
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Television debates before the second round of the 2023 presidential election of the Czech Republic: Types of communication used by candidates according to functional theory
Pásler, Šimon ; Nečas, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Jirák, Jan (referee)
The thesis deals with the pre-election TV debates before the second round of the presidential elections in 2023. Based on Functional Theory, the aim of the paper is to identify the types of messages that candidates Andrej Babiš and Petr Pavel used in the pre-election television debates ahead of the second round of the 2023 presidential election. Furthermore, the aim is to compare these results with the findings of previous works analysing the pre-election debates of the 2013 and 2018 presidential elections. Furthermore, the time allocation given to the candidates in the debates is compared. The theoretical part of the paper first focuses on the link between politics and media, public and private ones and political communication, political actors, media campaigns and negativity. Next, the emergence of pre-election debates in the United States and the presidential election in the Czech Republic is described. The thesis includes a review of research on pre-election debates and a description of the Functional Theory used. Next, the thesis continues with the methodology. The practical part includes a description of the debates analysed on Czech television, on CNN Prima and on Nova. The practical part of the thesis used a content analysis based on W. L. Benoit's Functional Theory. Based on Functional...
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Populism as a discursive strategy: an analysis of the communication of selected populist actors in the Czech political arena
Křovák, Jan ; Charvát, Jakub (advisor) ; Just, Petr (referee)
This paper analyses the concept of populism as a discursive strategy. Therefore, it uses the view of populist discourse as discussed by Ernesto Laclau and other authors in their works. The author analyses the communication practices of four selected Czech political actors on social networks (Facebook and Twitter) in the period before the elections to the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic in October 2021. For the analysis, the author chose representatives who are commonly labelled as populists, i.e. former Prime Minister Andrej Babiš, far-right populists, i.e. Tomio Okamura, and then two politicians representing mainstream parties - Markéta Pekarová Adamová from TOP 09 and Vít Rakušan from STAN. In the theoretical part, the author describes in depth the phenomenon of populism on the basis of expert literature, and in a comprehensive way points out the relationship between populism, social networks, media and political communication. In the practical part, the author conducted a so-called critical discursive analysis of posts of the politicians on the above-mentioned social media and then compared their dominant communication practices. The author then places the data and results of the research in context of the populist narrative described in the theoretical part of the thesis.
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Comparison of selected Czech daily newspapers ahead of the 2023 presidential elections
Nováčková, Michaela ; Nečas, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Lütke Notarp, Ulrike (referee)
The bachelor's thesis focuses on the reporting of five selected newspapers between the first and second round of the direct presidential election in 2023. In the theoretical part, the thesis introduces the reader to scholarly concepts and terms related to normative expectations of a democratic society, such as objectivity, balance, impartiality, and others. In the descriptive part, it describes the Czech media landscape and touches more closely on the topic of media ownership. In the research part, using quantitative and qualitative content analysis, the author works with data collected from the Czech daily newspapers Hospodářské noviny, MF Dnes, Lidové noviny, Právo and Deník N and interprets the results based on four research questions.
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Andrej Babiš's negative campaign in the Czech presidential elections in 2023
Chudá, Ema Lujza ; Rosenfeldová, Jana (advisor) ; Konrádová, Marcela (referee)
The thesis deals with the negative campaign of Andrej Babiš before the second round of the presidential elections in the Czech Republic in 2023. Specifically, it tries to find an answer to how the negative campaign of Andrej Babiš before the second round of the elections was perceived by the public and, in particular, whether it was one of the reasons for the failure of this candidate. Data obtained through quantitative research, specifically a questionnaire survey, showed that Andrej Babiš's negative campaign was perceived differently depending on voting behaviour in the second round of the elections. Voters of Andrej Babiš perceived his campaign differently than voters of Petr Pavel and respondents who did not participate in the second round. On the contrary, the answers of Petr Pavel's voters and respondents who did not participate in the second round were the same. The research also confirmed that Andrej Babiš's negative campaigning contributed to his failure in the second round of the election.
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Chain emails during the 2023 presidential election
Novotná, Barbora ; Wolák, Radim (advisor) ; Klimeš, David (referee)
This thesis examines chain emails during the 2023 Czech presidential election. The practical part outlines the most important concepts related to disinformation. However, it also presents the impact of chain emails and their most common spread among the senior generation. It additionally looks at presidential election issues and disinformation shared directly by candidates. The second part of the thesis analyzes the chain emails shared two months before the election until the second round of the election and their impact on voters. Thus, the practical part deals not only with the content and language but also with the candidates' portrayal. It focuses on the main favorites of the election, Petr Pavel, Andrej Babiš and Danuša Nerudová. Nevertheless, at the same time it furthermore spotlights on candidate Jaroslav Bašta, who is directly linked to the disinformation scene. The practical part does not leave out the disinformation contained in the chain emails. During the research, the thesis uses both quantitative content analysis and qualitative semiotic analysis. By combining these two methods, it is able to provide a comprehensive picture of the influence of chain emails. Finally, the findings of both analyses are linked to a common conclusion that will present the influence of emails on voters.
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Media Image of Media Candidates for the Prime Minister before the Elections to the Chamber of Deputies of Parliament of the Czech Republic in 2021
Jiskrová, Simona ; Němcová Tejkalová, Alice (advisor) ; Turková, Kateřina (referee)
This thesis focuses on the media image of Andrej Babiš, Petr Fiala and Ivan Bartoš in the daily newspapers Mladá fronta DNES, Hospodářské noviny and Právo in the time before the Elections to the Chamber of Deputies of Parliament of the Czech Republic in 2021. The aim of the paper is to find out whether and how the media image of these three politicians, as the most likely candidates for the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic, differed in these newspapers. In the theoretical part, key theoretical backgrounds are presented concerning the relationship between media and reality, agenda setting theory, as well as the principles of media logic, requirements for media products and media owner's influences on media image. The methodological part characterizes the research methods used, which include quantitative content analysis and visual framing. The output of the thesis is an analytical section with a presentation of the obtained results and a final chapter that is devoted to a discussion of the results with the literature, their interpretation and the limitations of the research. The Newton database was used to obtain the necessary data for the thesis.
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