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Constitutional development and the political system of Czechoslovakia after February 1948
Trnka, Michal ; Kocian, Jiří (advisor) ; Polášek, Martin (referee)
This work focuses on constitutional and political development in Czechoslovakia after the coup d'état in February 1948 that performed the Communist Party to gain absolute power. The author examines the nature of the political system immediately after the coup, and the differences between constitutional law and contemporary reality. The author assumes that some establishment not only the constitution but also other laws was just a front for illegal consolidation of a totalitarian regime. First, the work focuses to the period before February 1948, and the aspects that led to the coup, as well as the development of a new constitution, which were not completed before the coup. Second, the February events itself are analyzed with an emphasis on the extent to which took place in accordance with the constitutional order. The period after 1948, when there were illegal consolidation of power by the Communist Party, political purges and radical transformation of society, is analyzed in the following chapters. The author concludes that the future direction of Czechoslovakia was decided soon after the 1945 communist infiltration of the security forces. They also played an important role in the coup itself. While the Communist Party argued that the act of resignation of ministers and complement government was...
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Family Law in Republic of Korea after 1948
Líbalová, Ilona ; Löwensteinová, Miriam (advisor) ; Zemánek, Marek (referee)
This thesis describes hierarchical and patrilineal norms in family law of the Korean Civil Code and discusses a gradual elimination of these norms in compatibility with constitutional law. First part of the thesis highlights the specifics of the Korean family law in a historical context and analyzes the head of a family system's origin and family registers as one of the main sources of inequality in the Korean family law. The second part focuses on the process of the Constitution and the Civil Code codification and represents Confucian and women's organizations which influenced the family law. In this case the incompatibility of family law of the Civil Code and constitutional law was found out as the main object of the dispute. The aim of this thesis is to determine whether the present family law in the Civil Code can be considered as compatible with the Constitution or not. The third part is therefore devoted to amendments to family law of socio- political changes background, where is the clear gradual elimination of hierarchical and patrilineal ethical standards of the Civil Code until the turn of the new millennium.
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Direct election of head of state and its influence on the constitutional relations
Tylová, Tereza ; Janstová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Hřebejk, Jiří (referee)
The topic the thesis, "Direct Election of the Head of the State and Its Impact on Constitutional Relationships," has been selected owing to its current relevance, caused by the change of the manner of presidential election which had a historically long tradition in our country. The aim of the paper is to provide a most complex view of the legal modifications of the election of the republic's president, to summarize the theoretical basis, to analyse the legislative procedure and to attempt to comprehensibly present this change of a constitutional law to citizens who might thus receive sufficient information on the issue. Furthermore, the author wishes to make the readers acquainted with the establishment and implementation of direct presidential election together with the manner of the election according to the new legislation, especially in accordance with Act no. 71/2012 Col. and Act no. 275/2012 Col. The thesis consists of nine chapters. In six sub-chapters, the first chapter outlines the history of the presidential election from the establishment of Czechoslovakia throughout the totalitarian period and to the Czech Republic, including a brief summary of the former presidents. The second chapter includes argumentation for and against implementation of the direct election of the republic's president, the...
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Kant and Husserl on Transcendental Character of Experience
Trnka, Jakub ; Moural, Josef (advisor) ; Karásek, Jindřich (referee) ; Novotný, Karel (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to examine both Husserl's and Kant's transcendentalism in a way that would avoid the tendency to put the main accent on Husserl, which is an approach common to almost all literature dealing with this topic so far. Since it is for the most part Husserl's own critique of Kant that inspires such ongoing underestimation of Kant in comparison to Husserl, this work focuss on the question of the legitimacy of this critique. The core of the thesis is an original interpretation of Kant's transcendental philosophy which, instead of taking for granted the phenomenological point of view, attempts to describe Kant's philosophical enterprise from its own perspective and in its own right. In its second part, the thesis provides a brief description of how Husserl, starting initially from the position of descriptive psychology, arrives at a transcendental dimension. When so put side by side, it becomes evident that the two transcendental positions are in fact very different. Husserl's critique of Kant then appears as unjustified, even though quite understandable as an attempt to draw back from certain immature motives of his own philosophy.
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Constitutional development in England from the beginning until the 17th century
Kollárová, Zuzana ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Skřejpková, Petra (referee)
Constitutional Development in England from the beginning until the 17th century This thesis analyses the constitutional development and the evolution of the law and the society on the English territory from the formation of the first Anglo-Saxon kingdoms until the beginning of the 17th century. The aim of this work is to study the constitutional and legal development on the basis of historical events and thus offer an integrated interpretation and explanation of the issue. The thesis consists of eleven chronological chapters, in each of which the most important aspects of the constitutional development of the period are scrutinized. The emphasis is put on the most importan law heritage on the evolution of the law and law institutes, of the central as well as local state authorities and of the position and role of the sovereign/monarch in the given period. Particular attention is paid to the origin and the development of parliamentarism, its relation towards the monarch and their mutual interaction. The first chapter deals with the Anglo-Saxon period and the genesis of the origins of the legal development on the current English territory, with the arrival of Anglo-Saxon tribes and with the formation of the first political statehoods in this territory. The chapter focuses on the analysis of the most important...
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Constitutional Development in the PRC before 1982
Svoboda, Václav ; Klimeš, Ondřej (advisor) ; Lomová, Olga (referee)
The present paper treats constitutional development of the People's Republic of China since its establishment (1949) till the end of the Maoist era and the formation of the current constitution (1982). It aims especially at formal aspects of constitutional law. It deals primarily with the content of the Common Program of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and of the 1954, 1975 and 1978 constitutions respectively. The main part focuses on the 1954 constitution, which created foundations of the modern Chinese communist constitutional law and determined its further evolution.
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Constitutional aspects of protection of democratic principles in EU countries
Linhart, Jan ; Mlejnek, Josef (advisor) ; Knutelská, Viera (referee)
Diploma thesis "Constitutional aspects of protection of democratic principles in EU countries", examines the occurrence of aspects in EU constitutions, which protect constitutions from paradox of democracy. Paradox of democracy is an attribute of democracy, when democracy itself within its own democratic processes can transform to an undemocratic regime. The thesis aims to the occurrence of constitutional aspects, which can provide protection against the paradox of democracy. The research is based on created model situation, which provides a base for observation of relevancy of individual aspects of constitutional protections of democratic principles. From conducted research the diploma thesis provides evaluation of potential strength of each aspect of constitutional protection of democratic principles, and also provides ranking of EU countries in this area. The end of the thesis deals with three countries, which ended last in the ranking and tries to evaluate the risk of change to undemocratic regime, on base on occurrence of extremist parties in parliaments of these countries
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Trees in the Old Testament Considering the Mythology of the Ancient Near East
Loukotová, Kateřina ; Beneš, Jiří (advisor) ; Vymětalová Hrabáková, Eva (referee)
This work deals with the symbolism of trees in the Old Testament considering the mythology of the ancient Near East, using relevant literature, concordant exploration, and synchronic and diachronic analyses of biblical texts. It aims to present an intersection of the most important aspects of the appearance of trees in the Scripture, both in a literal and figurative sense. Drawing on work with biblical and mythological texts from the ancient Near East, it presents the tree as a comprehensible symbol with strong explanatory power, which constitutes its potential to contain even the most complex messages of the Scripture and of the human condition as such.
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Status of Deputy of the Czech Parliament in legislative process
Kočí, Kristýna ; Bureš, Jan (advisor) ; Wintr, Jan (referee)
The main purpose of my thesis entitled "The legislative process - the role of Members of Parliament" is to analyze the process of preparing, making and passing laws by the Parliament of the Czech Republic, focusing on the role of Members of Parliament in the legislative process (including comparisons between members of the coalition, opposition and non- attached) and provide a comparison theory, therefore, the possibility of the constitution and other laws and actual practice.
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A comparison of constitutions of Islamic Republic of Iran and Republic of Iraq
Sladkovský, Daniel ; Kropáček, Luboš (advisor) ; Ťupek, Pavel (referee)
(in English): This bachelor thesis deals with comparison of valid and effective constitutions of Islamic Republic of Iran and the Republic of Iraq. This work decribes political-constitutional development of both countries since their emergence as modern states. The main issue is description of basic constitutional institutes in both constitutions and subsequently comparison of differences and similarities. The conclusion contains a summary of the reflection over functionality of both documents in the political life of their countries.
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