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The concept of life events and their influence on health of individual:international comparison
Šonová, Barbora ; Kebza, Vladimír (referee) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee)
Resumé The first part of the thesis is focused on the theoretical presentation of the life events concept and their influence on the health of man. After introductory definition of the focal idea of the thesis and brief description of the historical development of the life events research the author proceeds to the list of psychic and somatic illnesses that are most frequently connected with the occurence of life changes. The theoretical part of the thesis also deals with the factors on both an individual's and living environment side that may modify the perception of life events and their impact on the human health to a great extent. Furthermore the mechanisms of the influence of stress situations cannot be omitted. In a separate chapter the author deals with intercultural connection in the life events' concept. The thesis also pays attention to key methodological aspects of the research in the field of observation and in the end it covers other related themes that deserve to be noticed but could not be included in the theoretical part because of its limited scope. Last chapter briefly presents critical comments on discussed topic. In the empirical part of the thesis the author presents her own research that have been done at the sample of 258 Finnish and 257 Czech students. Using the set of...
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Feasibility of Non-Pharmacological Intervention in Therapy of Cognition Deficit in Czech Schizophrenia Patients - Computer-assisted Cognitive Remediation
Rodriguez Manchola, Mabel Virginia ; Šípek, Jiří (advisor) ; Horáček, Jiří (referee) ; Kulišťák, Petr (referee)
There is a body of scientific literature describing cognitive deficit in schizophrenia and the possibility of its remediation. However, in the Czech Republic, there have been so far just few studies that examined the topic. The objective of this work was to explore the feasibility of non-pharmacological intervention in the form of computer-assisted cognitive remediation of Czech schizophrenia patients with diagnosed cognitive deficit. Our results confirmed the positive short-term effect of targeted remediation of selective domains of cognitive deficit in patients with schizophrenia. Our findings suggested that 5 working memory function is the domain most sensitive to the structured intervention. These results are consistent not only with findings from other published studies that used similar computer method for remediation, but also with other studies that used different approaches. In addition, working memory function improved in the generalized form (visual intervention improved auditive function). Key words: Schizophrenia, cognition, deficit, remediation, computer
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Prediction criteria for re-offending in patients with constitutional ordered protective sexological treatment
Měchýřová, Petra ; Weiss, Petr (advisor) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee)
The study deals with the predictive criteria of relapse of sexually deviant patients and builds on the previous older studies that have attempted to map out what are the significant predictors of relapsing by sexual deviants after successful completion of inpatient care. The aim was to verify whether reported predictors are really important for relapsing paraphiliaks. Given factors were age at onset of patients in inpatient care, employment, housing, education, family background and relationships in the family, relationships, sexual and nonsexual offenses (last sexology treatment), failure to complete treatment (running away from protective sexology treatment), sexology diagnosis and psychiatric diagnosis. The results of the work have been compared both with older Czech researches that have been conducted on this topic at the end of the 80ies, but also with foreign research. These works on recidivism of sexual offenders are presented in the theoretical part of this study, together with the definition of the concept of deviance and treatment options in the Czech Republic and abroad. Katamnestic research was conducted on patients who have successfully completed the institutional protective sexology treatment at the Psychiatric Hospital Prague Bohnice (since the inception of sexology department in...
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Intimacy as one of the basic signs of close relationships
Haubertová, Daniela ; Slaměník, Ivan (advisor) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee)
Close relationships fulfil the need of an individual to start and keep close relationships with other people. These are main basic needs of a human being. Partnership, family and friendship are all considered to be close relationships. We can find common elements among them but also there are specific differences. Intimacy is by all means one of the main components of close relationships and this work is focused on it. We mention knowledge which can be found in literature, emphasis is put on foreign sources. This work shows results of prototypical study of the term intimacy, which reveals layman structure of this term and offers, apart from traditional definitions, a different view of the subject, especially the contrasts which are typical for close relationships in partnerships, family relationships and friendships. Key words: Close relationships, intimacy, prototypical approach, prototypic scale
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Operators on the emergency line 155. Reviewing operators control over calls (with callers) by means of transactional analysis
Čepická, Blanka ; Šípek, Jiří (advisor) ; Hartl, Pavel (referee) ; Honzák, Radkin (referee)
The work focuses on reviewing phone calls to the 155 emergency line of the Emergency Medical Service, by means of transactional analysis. The review concentrated on how the operators controlled the phone calls. We studied their ways of dealing with the requests that were the subject matter of the emergency line calls. Transactional analysis has proved to be a good instrument to analyze procedures the operators had chosen to conduct the calls. The outcomes helped describe characteristics of both constructively and unconstructively conducted calls. The results can provide good basis for complementing the currently purely medical training of the emergency line operators, to include the dimension of psychological variables, which may affect the course of calls.
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Possibilites and limitations of Rorschach's diagnostics in population of pathological sexual aggressors
Androvičová, Renáta ; Boukalová, Hedvika (advisor) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee)
This thesis addresses the possibilities and limitations of Rorschach Inkblot Method in the psychological assessment of preferential rapists. The theoretical part of the thesis summarizes the general characteristics of paraphilias, introduces the contemporary theories on sexual aggression and rape, and presents selected studies related to the use of RorschachInkblot Method (using Exner's Comprehensive System) in the research of paraphilias. The empirical part focuses on my research project. I have theoretically deduced variables and composites and subsequently compared them with the normative values the CS reference populations. I have also analysed the number of criterions of the Banality Profile (of psychopathy), which were fulfilled by the sample of the sexual offenders. Then I have analysed the sequence of the clusters according to the most prominent key variable among the subjects that were the most clinically disturbed. I have found statistically significant differences between the rapists and the normative population in several variables. The most prominent ones were associated with the interpersonal perception, and mediation. I have also showed that the psychopathy profile (Banality Profile) is only partially suitable for characterization of preferential rapists. Through the analysis of the...
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Is there a relation between arts and quality of life?
Krutská, Simona ; Šípek, Jiří (advisor) ; Štětovská, Iva (referee)
This work discusses the potential of art to influence quality of life. The theoretical part introduces general aesthetic-psychological principles, thanks to which art work can appeal to us, having the goal of expressing what is typical and essential for art as a whole, and introduce art work as a place of meeting and a challenge for personal growth with the goal to distinguish it, through this characteristic, from other ways of spending free time. Furthermore, the theoretical part briefly introduces the development of the concept of quality of life including the definition of its overlapping to the philosophical anchoring in the conception of humanistic, phenomenological and positive psychology, and it presents research, which, at least indirectly, deals with the topic of art and quality of life. The actual research part compares the subjectively perceived quality of life of people interested in art (conservatory students, n = 73) with a comparative group (high school students, n = 66), with a focus on the present situation as well as future expectations. The research results show that the conservatory students attain higher values attesting higher perceived quality of life. However, in order to deduce the chain of causation it is necessary to conduct further research in this area.
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Alternative use of Szondi test
Vaňková, Martina ; Bahbouh, Radvan (advisor) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee)
The thesis analyzes the Szondi's test and its theory in the light of current knowledge. Its aim is to examine the potential of this diagnostic method and to consider the possibilities of its application. On the basis of the free-association research, the direction of interest has divided into two studies. The first of them verifies the relationship of Szondi's theory with personal characteristics that are attributed to individual photos (stimulus material) on the scale of the semantic differential. In most cases, the results confirm significant differences between the factors. In the second study, the narrative approach is selected, it means "telling stories" method will be used for discover the projective potential. Qualitative analysis indicates that stories have some similarities- in the context of given factors, however, in most cases, they do not follow Szondi's assumptions. In order to confirm the potential of the possibility to know the proband's personality or life, the data obtained has not proved sufficient. The data does suggest, however, that after further research, the benefit of its application could be confirmed. KEY WORDS: Szondi test, projection, semantic differential, stories analysis
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Music and personality
Zamastilová, Hana ; Šípek, Jiří (advisor) ; Niederlová, Markéta (referee)
The goal of this work is: (a) to present knowledge of the foreign researches on personality of musicians in the arranged form in Czech language, (b) to realize the research carried out in the past under different cultural conditions in modified form in our country, (c) mutually compare the result of this research and the foreign researches, (d) to summarize the conclusions and to establish questions for the further investigation. Artists and other creative individuals evince specific personality characteristics differentiating them from the other people. Among these individuals are also artists in the field of classical music. This work yields a basic information about the difference of the specific personality characteristics of musicians and people who are not involved in music. It sums up existing knowledge on this topic and it creates internally consistent profile of an artist in the field of classical music. In the quantitative research we aim to compare population of conservatory students (n = 57) with the control group - students of grammar school (n = 49). Data of their personality characteristics were obtained with help of Cattel's personality questionnaire 16 PF. Discriminant analysis pointed to differences in five primary factors and one secondary factor of 16 PF. Conservatory students...
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Sexuality of marihuana users
Doležalová Hrouzková, Alexandra ; Weiss, Petr (advisor) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee)
Purpose: The purpose of the study was to map the sexuality of older (between the ages of 30 and 50) heterosexual regular marihuana users, which up to now remains little explored. We tried to find out whether there is a difference between the three groups of marihuana users: 1. users, who use only marihuana, 2. users who use marihuana and alcohol, and 3. users, who use marihuana, alcohol and party substances (LSD, ecstasy, magic mushrooms, cocaine). More over we compared our findings with some characteristics of the same-age sample of the Czech population. Methods: The research was of quantitative nature. The data were collected by using an original anonymous questionnaire, which was separately answered by 417 respondents 202 respondents from them satisfied our criterions (age, frequence and length of marihuana use). The data were processed by SPSS. Results: 61,7 % of respondents marihuana users are satisfied with their sexual life. Some kind of change as a result of marihuana abuse noticed 53,9 % of all respondents (48,5% of them noticed change for the better 51,2% of them noticed higher quality of orgasm). Some kind of difficulties in the sexual life in connection with the marihuana use noticed 20,8% of respondents. 10,8% of respondents have some experience in intercourse with other man, 12,9% of...
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