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Methodology of text creation in open an internet space for higher education through e-learning
Dlouhá, Jana|orcid:0000-0002-9660-5594|researcherid:I-7773-2014|scopus:55939518800 ; Braniš, Martin|orcid:|researcherid:|scopus: ; Dlouhý, Jiří|orcid:0000-0002-5040-9395|researcherid:I-7566-2014|scopus:56193033400 ; Jančaříková, Kateřina|orcid:0000-0003-4339-9990|researcherid:H-6002-2011|scopus:56193278900 ; Jančařík, Antonín|orcid:0000-0003-3331-2396|researcherid:H-2048-2011|scopus:6508329988
The methodology is intended to provide a framework for the use of open web space as a tool for teaching students at the university level, in e-learning or blended learning courses, and in various disciplines with an active and problem-oriented learning component which is desirable from the perspective of education for sustainable development. The virtual space (Wiki), the so-called "social web", provides an interactive environment and supports social skills such as cooperation, self-expression, and communication. This particular methodology is based on the concept of "academic literacy" where students develop their skills along with the writing process. MediaWiki software was used to stimulate meta-cognitive skills, the organization of the writing process, and critical thinking (with regard to resources); a model for an academic environment was presented there. Instructions available in the wiki support pre-writing, a resource search, the writing of a literature review & annotation, posing a research question, developing of text, and peer review. The method proved to be useful in practice; it provided evidence of student work and the results are available for future generations of students.
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The Methodology of Team Cooperation and Team Creation in Higher Education
Dlouhá, Jana|orcid:0000-0002-9660-5594|researcherid:I-7773-2014|scopus:55939518800 ; Činčera, Jan|orcid:|researcherid:|scopus: ; Jančaříková, Kateřina|orcid:0000-0003-4339-9990|researcherid:H-6002-2011|scopus:56193278900 ; Dlouhý, Jiří|orcid:0000-0002-5040-9395|researcherid:I-7566-2014|scopus:56193033400
The methodology provides a basic framework for university teachers who use active teaching methods and support collaborative student work. In CR, these methods are used rather intuitively this methodology provides an overview of basic pedagogical knowledge and experience that can help their inclusion in education in all fields of study. The methodology deals with the theoretical aspects of group cooperation: processes, relationships, group dynamics, possible barriers and risks that are typical in this method of teaching. It provides an overview of the possibilities of selecting team members, the social assumptions of group work, ways of building trust and methods of facilitating group processes. It briefly discusses the principles for planning project teamwork, tools for assessment of its results, and outlines the specifics of the e-learning environment. Using a teamwork method in e-learning enables one to benefit from all the interactive possibilities provided by the Internet to foster communication and collaborative features in the very process of learning; thus teamwork could help to adjust the e-learning method for the needs of practice.
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Cognitive abilities in reptiles: individual learning ability vs. interspecies comparison
Víšková, Linda ; Landová, Eva (advisor) ; Kverková, Kristina (referee)
The cognitive abilities of "reptiles" have long been a neglected topic compared to research on cognition in two other groups of tetrapods - mammals and birds. Recently, however, studies testing selected aspects of various cognitive abilities in "reptiles" have become quite abundant. In this thesis, the different types of cognitive tasks studied were determined (focusing on numerical abilities, spatial learning, reversal learning, visual discrimination, social learning, "problem-solving" or operant conditioning) and then the methods of testing them in "reptiles" were discussed in detail. Subsequently, within the paraphyletic group "reptiles", the given cognitive abilities for each family (and specific species) were mapped with respect to their phylogeny. A general problem in some studies was the smaller number of subjects tested (minimum 1, maximum 559, median 15) relative to the often great number of factors studied (minimum 1, maximum 14, median 4) and the wide interindividual variability in cognitive performance. Although the amount of work on the cognitive abilities of "reptiles" has been rising over the last decade, qualitative analysis suggests the presence of simpler types of cognition. A quantitative or phylogenetic analysis of "reptilian" cognitive abilities has so far been precluded by low...
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Towards a general model of cultural inheritance
Hillerová, Pavlína ; Tureček, Petr (advisor) ; Šaffa, Gabriel (referee)
Hypertrophied human culture is based on a specific propensity for social learning. During the transmission of information, a myriad of external and internal influences act on both the transmitor and recipient. Previous studies have focused on various biases (prestige bias, which causes, among others, a tendency to learn from older and more experienced individuals, or negative information bias, which makes us more likely to remember what to avoid etc.) that influence which cultural variants will successfully spread and how they will evolve. Some works delve into (among other things, bias-induced) cultural attraction, i.e., the tendency to transform information in a particular direction, while others treat cultural elements as genes; as nearly immutable entities. Almost all of them, however, (1.) model culture as composed from discrete entities and (2.) move within a single framework that they try to explore thoroughly. The present thesis attempts to bridge these gaps and to show the possibilities of studying cultural traits on a continuous scale. Using data from an application styled as a trivia guessing game, it aims to quantify the influence of different factors on the transmission of cultural information. Participants are presented with previous participants' estimates of different lengths, weights and...
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Regulation and Restriction of Entertaining Activities in the Environment of the Unity of the Brethren in the Pre-White Mountain Period
Růčková, Markéta
The effort of the Unity of the Brethren as a church group was to form a Christian community according to the biblical image of the Apostolic Church, in which the supreme authority is the Scripture, which also serves as the highest measure of proper conduct at all levels. The behaviour of all Brethren members was to be adapted to this accordingly. Although the social structure of the Brethren members changed over its existence, the principles of order and discipline, characterised by an emphasis on moral quality of life, obedience and God’s commandments applied to all its members, regardless of estate or social status. On the basis of\nnormative sources derived from fraternal leaders or issued in synodal resolutions, as well as narrative sources, especially sermons, it is possible to observe how the Brethren viewed the entertainment activities of its members, celebrations related to human life events, holidays, music and games. However, the strict rules necessarily led to their violation when applied in practical life. \n
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The role of imprinting-like effects and social learning for persistence of variability of iris and hair color in European population
Joudal, Lukáš ; Kleisner, Karel (advisor) ; Bártová, Klára (referee)
In bachelor's thesis I deal with the influence of various factors on the color of hair and eyes of the European population. In Europe, many still find blond and light eye colour population despite there is much darker colored populations. Here are some of the mechanisms causing maintain high polymorphism in the European population. The first part of bachelor's thesis focuses on a brief description of the structure of the European population. The thesis also discusses the genetic determination of hair and eyes, its diversity and the differences of the population from the populations of Asia and Africa. In the next section, we discuss the emergence and spread of recessive alleles light eye color a blonde in Europe, particularly northern Europe. The following is a description of the mechanisms influencing the propagation and conservation of recessive alleles. In the penultimate chapter describes the relationship between the morphology of the face and eye color, and the last chapter summarizes the effects mentioned in the previous chapters and their effect on the length of the relationship between partners.
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Socializing processes during the child's adaptation in the kindergarten
Šafránková, Tereza ; Koťátková, Soňa (advisor) ; Opravilová, Eva (referee)
The dissertation is concerned with socializing processes of pre-school children around three years of age. The first theoretical part is globally concerned with personality socialization and highlights the significance of socialization in the healthy psychical progression of human beings, as well as the importance of understanding the problems of socialization for the pedagogical profession. This knowledge is specific and generalized in a situational context when the child comes to the kindergarten for the first time and gets slowly untied from the family, developing new relationships outside the family sphere. Socialization in the kindergarten is influenced by many internal and external factors. These factors matter if the child coming to the new kindergarten environment will incorporate to this society without any complications. If any complications appear during the incorporation, internal and external factors also influence the period how long they will last and also they influence the manner how the child will manage them as well. Adaptation programm can facilitate the entrance to the kindergarten for parents and their children. By means of this support programme, alongside the familiar person, children can gradually get acquainted with the new kindergarten environment even before the start of...
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Learning through experience, its potential, mechanisms and connected phenomena
Kos, Andrej ; Smetáčková, Irena (advisor) ; Štech, Stanislav (referee)
This thesis aims to illuminate the potential for personal growth in learning through experience. The paper also tries to describe the principles of learning and connected phenomena and the mechanisms, through which its acteurs gain the option to achieve personal growth. To support its theoretical claims, an observation has been conducted in the duration of circa four months among three after-school activity groups. The observed phenomena have then been interpreted in terms of theoretical concepts of learning, experiencing, the dynamics of small groups and personal growth provided earlier in the paper. Based on the observation, a system of "learning situations" has been constructed and its characteristics and mechanism, through which its acteurs can achieve personal growth, explained. Key words: Learning, social learning, group activities, free-time activities, personal growth, leadership, social attachement
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The Harry Potter project at the primary school in the context of class relations
Pleskačová, Šárka ; Wildová, Radka (advisor) ; Linková, Marie (referee)
This thesis deals with the definition of the project and thematic teaching as a tool for improvement of class environment and relationships between students. The thesis defines the concept of class environment and identifies some causes of changes in class environment, together with methods of its measurement. It identifies some desirable relationships between students that are influenced by the class environment and on the other hand those relationships that influence the environment. The motivation is briefly described, it is divided in two groups: inner and outer motivation and it is observed in terms of behaviour and learning. The thesis also mentions several ways of working with the collective in terms of key competences set out in The Framework Educational Programme for Basic Education from June 2017. Specifically, it describes the project, thematic teaching, classroom appearance and drama education as one of the possible methods and techniques for working with a collective. The theoretical part is concluded with a detailed description and reflection of the Harry Potter project which took place in both of the studied classes. The practical part consists of two types of questionnaires. The first questionnaire Our class examines environmental changes in classes examined during the Harry Potter...
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Interspecific comparison of social learning of food aversions in tits
Mitlenerová, Barbora ; Exnerová, Alice (advisor) ; Sedláček, František (referee)
Social learning in animals is a frequently studied topic, including birds. Great tits belong to frequently tested passerine species in this context. For this experiment we have chosen another tit species as model birds - adult and juvenile blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) and coal tits (Periparus ater). We tested an effect of social information on discrimination learning between palatable and unpalatable prey. Red and green artificial prey items resembling shieldbugs with a mealworm glued underneath were offered to birds. One variant was palatable, the other was unpalatable, soaked in bitter substance. Experimental groups were allowed to observe a pretrained tutor of the same species choosing palatable prey variant and rejecting the unpalatable one. The birds were then subjected to an individual discrimination learning task with simultaneously offered palatable and unpalatable prey items. The control group was not allowed to observe tutor and learned only individually. On the following day, all birds participated in a memory test. We tested if social information has an influence on avoidance learning in juvenile and adult birds of both species. We found that both species of tits were similarly successful in discrimination learning and there was no difference in success in performance between adult...
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