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The debate on the repeal of the divorce law in 1974: a symptom of secularization in Italy?
Praibišová, Eva ; Matějka, Ondřej (advisor) ; Menclová, Barbora (referee)
In the context of secularization and the shaping of church-state relations in Italy, this diploma thesis deals with the legalization of divorce and referendum on its abolition in 1974. The aim of the thesis is to observe whether, in the debate on divorce, symptoms of secularization in Italy can be traced. Methodologically, this work is grounded in qualitative content analysis. The sources of this thesis are the journals of the three most prominent political parties of the period under study: the Communists (journal L'Unità), the Socialists (journal Avanti!) and the Christian Democrats (journal Il Popolo). The aim is to identify the thematic units, so-called topoi, within the selected articles, by applying the above-mentioned method. Selected topoi are subsequently subjected to analysis. In particular, the results of the analysis showed different conceptions of reality of the political parties. Thus, leading to the formation of two opposite camps during the referendum. On one hand, Christian Democrats, who based their conception mainly on the traditional Christian doctrine. And on the other hand, the Communists together with the Socialists, who defended the secular, pluralistic concept of state. The analysis shows that the so-called secularization currents can, to some extent, be traced in the...
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A qualitative Study of Czech non-believing Students
Říhová, Nikola ; Testa, Alessandro (advisor) ; Bartheldi, Layla (referee)
In my bachelor's thesis I focus on what it means for one to be a non-believer, supported by various statistics and data that examine non-believers in the world and in the Czech Republic. Using a qualitative process of data collection, I thus explore what my informants' individual beliefs are within the topic of non-religion, as well as how they themselves reflect on the sources of these beliefs. Specifically, this thesis then seeks to grasp these themes through two main theoretical frameworks. Firstly, identity formation, which is introduced through the theory of G.H. Mead, who points to the so- called significant other in this process. At the same time, I introduce the Social Identity Theory by H. Tajfel and J. Turner, which discusses the importance of social groups on individual identity formation. This social group is represented in my thesis as a group of non-believers, but it can be further divided into other subgroups. This is followed by a second framework where I present M. Weber's secularization theory and more specifically his disenchantment of the world, but this is complemented by its critique, represented for example by P. Berger, who in turn writes about the re-enchantment of the world. Using these aforementioned ideas, then, I want to point out that the topic of non-believers is a...
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Povědomí mladých lidí o náboženských sektách a hnutí v ČR
MARKOVÁ, Eliška
The aim of the study is to characterize the current religious scene in the Czech Republic with emphasis on new religious movements and sects and to find out how are young people aware of and what vision they have about it. The first part of the study will focuse on the characteristics of the development of religiosity in the Czech Republic, contextuslized of the development of religion in the Western world (secularization, alternative religiosity, etc.). Particular attention will be paid to the origin and operation of new religious movements and sects in the Czech Republic. The second research part of the study aims to find out through quantitative research what young people think about religious movements and sects, specifically high school students. The author will be interested in what their knowledge is in this area and what their visions and opinions are related to sects and new religious movements.
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Czechoslovak Occultism and its Representatives during the First Republic
Šabek, Jiří ; Rákosník, Jakub (advisor) ; Čechurová, Jana (referee)
The bachelor's thesis Czechoslovakia Occultism and its Important Representatives during the First Republic copes the theme of modern occultism in context of western esoteric traditions and formation the modern society. It focuses on the methodological issues of new religion movements and secularization, and on the comprehensive typology of occultism. By processing the thesis a special emphasis was given on deeper culture and historical roots, which were the basics of the Czech modern occultism. Firstly there is the evolution and dynamics of individual occult movements in Czech country and subsequently its most important representatives are mentioned. The main concentration is on the directions, which achieved eminent organized forms during the First Republic such as the spiritism, the hermeticism or the mysticism. However other significant directions are also mentioned in the thesis for example the theosophy. Key words: social history, first republic, new religion movements, secularization, modernization, western esotericism, occultism, hermetism, spiritism, mysticism, theosophy, secret societies, religious societies, Universalia, Psyché
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Koclířov by Svitavy: pilgrimage place of (inter)national importance in a secularized state
Jančík, Jiří ; Havlíček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kučera, Zdeněk (referee)
In the masters dissertation Koclířov by Svitavy, a place of Marian pilgrimage, is presented as a lively seat of the Czech-Moravian Fatima, the national centre of Fatima Apostolate in the Czech Republic, a unique phenomenon within the universal Catholic Church. The centre of pilgrimage was established in 1995, hence it is relatively new. Pilgrims from all over Czechia as well as foreign pilgrims come here to enjoy its unique spiritual atmosphere. The centre offers a wide range of services including a traditional monastic cake shop and Shepherd shop offering devotional articles. Spiritual seminars held here once a month, every first Saturday, are particularly popular among the pilgrims. Serene monastery complex offers many sights and invites to quiescence. A Holy Gate opened by Mons. Jan Vokál, bishop of Hradec Králové diocese, in April 2016 in the frame of the Holy Year of Mercy is yet another unique feature of the place of pilgrim. Thus Koclířov has become one of the important church centres as this privilege is usually given only to cathedrals and minsters of particular dioceses. The Czech-Moravian Fatima in Koclířov will coordinate a wide range of festivities to celebrate the 100th anniversary of apparition the Virgin Mary in Fatima in Portugal in 2017. Number of Czech dioceses and their parishes...
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Secularization in Italy in the post-war-era: literature in the social context
Olša, Michal ; Pullmann, Michal (advisor) ; Jiroušek, Bohumil (referee)
EN The purpose of my thesis is to analyse the process of secularization in the post-war era in Italy. The study is focused on lower social classes. The aim of my thesis is to show the complexity of the process such as secularization; on the one hand there are statistic numbers showing the trend of falling religiosity, on the other hand we know Italians as believers in God and Italy as a country with catholic symbols appearing openly in public. To understand this ambivalence, it is necessary to distinguish church, religion and faith. As a primary source for my thesis I have chosen novels of the neorealist writers. As neorealism tries to capture predominantly the social reality and the writers show greater capability of uncovering the motivation of historical figure than any other possible sources, selecting the works of the neorealist writers proves to be more than suitable. The main methodology chosen for my thesis is typification, through which I tried to define the social stereotypes. The thesis is composed of nine chapters. Chapters one to three describe the political, economic and social situation of post-war Italy and define the social segment on which the thesis is focused. Presented is a characterization of neorealism and the authors as well as the most important theories of secularization...
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Supercivilization. Patočka's Concept of Modernity and it's Relevance In The Context of Contemporary Historical Sociology.
Homolka, Jakub ; Arnason, Johann Pall (advisor) ; Skovajsa, Marek (referee)
This thesis deals with the concept of modernity called "nadcivilizace" ("supercivilization") that was developed in the nineteen-fifties by Czech philosopher Jan Patočka (1907-1977) in his originally unpublished study Nadcivilizace a její vnitřní konflikt. The main goal of the thesis is to introduce this concept in the framework of the author's life and work, as well as in the context of current research in the field of historical sociology. This goal is fulfilled through three main steps, which are preceded by preliminary remarks about the issues of nowadays civilizational analysis. The first part is focused on the introduction of the author's concept of modernity as it was presented in the aforementioned study. Patočka's original term "nadcivilizace" is introduced and put into the context of civilizational analysis. At the same time, the circumstances of the genesis of the text, and the spiritual framework of the epoch in which Czech philosopher lived, are presented. Second part attempts to put the original concept into the author's lecture of philosophy of history, and to demonstrate the changes that occurred in Patočka's understanding of modernity in his work Kacířské eseje o filosofii dějin (Heretical Essays in the Philosophy of History, 1975). Finally, the last part is dedicated to the problem...
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Ronald Inglehart's theories and their contribution to historical sociology with regard to the publications since 2000.
Zelenka, Jakub ; Černý, Karel (advisor) ; Gramskopf, Rostislav (referee)
This diploma thesis aims to map the work that Ronald Inglehart published after the year 2000 and to include it in the concept of historical sociology. In my work I deal with a total of seven books, which I subject to critical reflection and at the same time I compare with other authors who commented on the given topics. The work will touch on theories of modernization, democratization, secularization and to a lesser extent civilization analysis. I will also add remarks and observations from the point of view of quantitative methodology, as Inglehart's theories are based on a large amount of quantitative data based on questionnaire surveys. The first part of my work deals with modernization theory, the next part deals with secularization and the third part focuses on the analysis of civilization. In modernization and secularization, I will first introduce versions of the theories that Inglehart and co-authors published during the first decade of the 21st century. After that, I will always reflect on recent work (2017- 2021). In the civilization part, which is the shortest, I will summarize his findings across his work. At the end of his work, Inglehart also makes predictions about future society. I also intend to analyze these findings in my diploma thesis. At the end of the work I evaluate the...
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Koclířov by Svitavy: Pilgrimage place of (inter)national importance
Jančík, Jiří ; Havlíček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Holubová, Markéta (referee)
This thesis presents the Marian place of pilgrimage 'Koclířov by Svitavy', the residence of the Czech-Moravian Fatima, the apostolate centre of the Czech Republic which plays a unique position within the Catholic Church. The aim of the work, coming under the geography of religion, is an in-depth study of the relatively recently established pilgrimage center, which dates back to 1995. Analyzing how this particular pilgrimage location has transformed, I have tried to decipher a total of 4 assumptions that are seemingly contradictory and illogical: the start of the location's sanctification in this extremely secular destination; the phenomenon of the Polish Pope St. John Paul II. in this area, over 250 km away from his native Wadowice and the post- secular activities of religious pilgrims. How could this formerly sleepy and remote village become a pilgrimage center of regional, national or even international importance? And how does mutual cooperation with the municipality and the local school work? To reach a relevant theoretical framing of pilgrimage throughout Europe, as well as the global context, I drew mainly from Polish literature, where pilgrimage has deeper roots and plays a traditional role. In addition, perhaps the only department of religious geography of the world is based at the...
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