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Combatants, civilians, activists or journalists? The role-orientation of citizen OSINT investigators in participative warfare in Ukraine
Hindrichs, Nils Benjamin ; Dimitrov, Michal (advisor) ; Neag, Annamária (referee)
The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine has given rise to an unprecedented scale of so-called citizen OSINT investigations. Private citizens from all over the world, organizing online, use publicly available information and data such as satellite imagery, social media, or flight tracking, to investigate human-rights violations, war crimes, misinformation campaigns and troop movements. But what is their role in a context of participative war? Through seven semi- structured interviews, this thesis explores and maps the role-orientation of citizen OSINT investigators in the context of the war in Ukraine, finding that they specifically value and try to follow self-imposed rules of verification, impartiality and responsibility towards themselves and others. Bringing together specialized skills, knowledge, and routines, the findings also point towards a community that consists of "unprofessional professionals", bringing about a comparative advantage of the citizen OSINT community over legacy media. Moreover, based on the interviews, a typology of four different but intersecting cognitive role-orientations is suggested, contributing to the exploration of a phenomenon that yet needs to be examined academically. Keywords OSINT, open-source intelligence, citizen journalism, participative war, journalistic...
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The use of social media as new information platforms during the war in Ukraine
Smržová, Aneta ; Jirků, Jan (advisor) ; Charvát, Jakub (referee)
The Diploma thesis titled "The use of social media as new information platforms during the war in Ukraine" is primarily devoted to the Twitter social network and its content. In the diploma work is defines not only a journalist, but also an ordinary user and influencer. The author also focuses on new journalistic sources, the deprofessionalization of journalism and the issue of social media. The thesis aims to analyze the behavior and reasons for reporting on the war in Ukraine by both sides - journalists and ordinary users who do not make a living from journalism. The content of the work is also dedicated to an analysis of the Twitter posts of all ten respondents from the first two weeks of the war. The conclusion summarizes the most important findings.
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Open-source Intelligence in the Czech Media Landscape
Bartoš, Vojtěch ; Hroch, Miloš (advisor) ; Miessler, Jan (referee)
This thesis maps out the use of open-source intelligence in the Czech media landscape. Given the interdisciplinary nature of the field, a broad theoretical foundation introducing concepts such as Web 2.0, participatory culture, alternative media or the open-source movement is presented. Furthermore, the theoretical part of the thesis includes a classification of basic open-source intelligence techniques and raises an example of an organisation producing open-source intelligence reports. The empirical part of this thesis utilised a mixed approach of both qualitative and quantitative research methods. First, a quantitative analysis of Twitter posts categorised as written in Czech mentioning the keyword 'osint' published from May 2014 to March 2022 was realised. Results indicate a growth in the topic's popularity in Czech internet discourse and suggest a causality between the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and a rising interest in open-source intelligence techniques. The qualitative part of the research makes use of semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted with 5 prominent Czech media actors using open-source intelligence in their media production process. The gathered data was subsequently analysed using the grounded theory. The results provide a comprehensive list of Czech-specific sources...
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The motivation of participatory journalists in czech TV news programme
Šedivá, Tereza ; Moravec, Václav (advisor) ; Trunečka, Ondřej (referee)
The following Master's thesis is focused on participatory journalism. Participatory journalism has become an interesting and important part of media production since the invention of Web 2.0. In recent years, the concept of listeners and viewers creating professional news has been used by radio, television and online media all over the world, including Czech television and its ČT24 news programme. Czech TV launched a project called iReportér in 2015. People can send photos or videos of what is happening around them through a mobile application or a website. These materials, checked by editors, may be later used in a broadcast, on the website or on Czech TV social media profiles. The theoretical part of the thesis will explain main concepts necessary for understanding how participatory journalism works. For example, what is convergence, who are the produsers, what is Web 1.0., 2.0. and 3.0. It will describe what the advantages of participatory journalism are and how it is different from citizen journalism. One section will focus on ethics and another on examples of participatory journalism projects abroad and in the Czech Republic. In the practical part, the author will present applied research methods. After that, the author will evaluate data from the questionnaire survey and from in-depth...
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Šesták, Martin ; Švelch, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Osvaldová, Barbora (referee)
User-generated content and its use in digital news media Abstract This thesis deals with increasing activity of Internet users who intensively create, publish and spread their own content. Huge part of this content is related to news and interferes in the traditional field of mass media organizations, which have to put up with newly established situation. The theoretical part of text describes the development of network media and strives for ground active user participation into media discourse and historical context. Therewithal, this part introduces kinds of user-created contents, defines their characteristics and analyzes these users who are called "prosumers" or "produsers" in the Web 2.0 era. The attention is also focused on user-generated content used by news websites and citizen journalism. The second part analyzes how the foremost world news media use and benefit from user-generated content. Examined media are iReport CNN, uReport Fox News, Have Your Say BBC and France 24. The text also analyzes Czech news media, especially ČT24 news channel and main Czech news websites and offers comparison with world media. Both parts of the thesis focus on web and television news service.
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Ethical aspects of citizen photojournalism with a focus on photograpic and audiovisual regords from late twenties until present
Hrdličková, Lucie ; Lábová, Alena (advisor) ; Teplá, Jana (referee)
The bachelor thesis Ethical aspects of citizen photojournalism with a focus on photographic and audiovisual record from late twenties until present follows up the phenomenon of citizen journalism, which recorded especially in the last decade a sharp rise thanks to the development of information and communication technologies and looks at it from an ethical perspective. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part deals with theoretical notions of ethics and citizen journalism, including the ethical principles of journalism and code of ethics. It also examines the pro and con arguments and another form of citizen journalism, participatory journalism. The second part is devoted to new media from history to present and social networks (Facebook, Twitter etc.), which are closely linked to the development of citizen journalism. The last part has the form of practical examples focusing on photographic and audiovisual records. It divides into the crucial events that led to anchoring the concept of citizen journalism in journalistic dictionary and transforming the world of media (Rodney King, Tsunami etc.) and ethical questionable events, which among other things highlighted the problem of event. coverage by amateurs without the knowledge of codes of ethics and other journalistic practices (death of Nega...
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User-generated content and its use in mainstream Czech audiovisual media shows
Fraj, Gabriela ; Jirků, Jan (advisor) ; Jakubisko, Jorik (referee)
This thesis looks at user-generated content within Czech audiovisual mainstream media. It places this user-generated content within the wider context of citizen journalism, while also comparing this with professional journalism both in terms of ethics and the method topics are processed. The study also takes an excursion into the history of Czech, and Czechoslovak, radio and television broadcasting in terms of the very first interactions of the particular media with viewers and listeners. The study also provides an overview of how listeners and viewers have been able to get involved in content production over the history of radio and television. The study selects programmes within the four most listened-to radio stations and the three most watched television groups in which listeners or viewers are involved in some manner. It uses compositional framing analysis to describe the format of these programmes, and it analyses theme and episode scopes to map their content better. The work also provides a brief comparison of the programmes analysed in terms of the similarity or difference of content and the methods by which viewers or listeners generate content within the programmes. The objective of the thesis is to provide a comprehensive perspective on user-generated content including practical examples...
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Critical reflection of projects and platform Ushahidi
Růžičková, Silvie ; Souček, Martin (advisor) ; Valůch, Jaroslav (referee)
This presented work deals with crowdsourcing tools for mapping and filtering of data that are created by the Ushahidi, Inc. and ways of their use. Ushahidi and SwiftRiver platforms and hosted version of Ushahidi called Crowdmap are counted among the tools for crisis mapping; however, more and more they are also used for other topics or issues. The aim of this work is to subject to a critical point of view not only the Ushahidi platform as a tool, but also a number of significant or interesting projects in which it was used. Presented is also the recommendation, how to use Ushahidi to create a successful project and the other way round what to avoid, when you work with Ushahidi. The basic building elements of Ushahidi are crowdsourcing, citizen journalism, geospatial information, and in particular the work of volunteers. This work describes the role of these building elements in Ushahidi, and subjects to critical reflection also the problematic sides, which Ushahidi is struggling with. Following is the analysis of selected sample of Ushahidi and Crowdmap deployments, which deals with the thematic, geographical and time stratification of the maps in the sample. Some significant uses of Ushahidi with humanitarian and non-humanitarian purpose of the deployment are examined in the end.
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User-generated content and its use in news media
Šesták, Martin ; Švelch, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Jirák, Jan (referee)
This diploma thesis aims to explore the increasing activity of internet users who intensively create, publish and spread their own content. The majority of this content is related to news and traditional forms of mass media organizations, which now must contend with the new means in which to disseminate information. The theoretical portion of this thesis describes the development of network media and strives for ground active user participation in media discourse and a historical context. Kinds of user-created contents will be introduced, defining their characteristics and analyzes these users who are called "prosumers" or "produsers" in the Web 2.0 era. Attention is also focused on user-generated content accessed by news websites and citizen journalism. The second part analyzes how the foremost world news media use and benefit from user-generated content. Examined media are iReport CNN, uReport Fox News and Have Your Say BBC. The text also analyzes the Czech news media, especially ČT24 news channel and main Czech news websites. The thesis closes with a comparison between Czech and world media and offers analysis of different media organizations approaches to user-generated content. Both parts of the thesis focus on web and television news service.
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