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Dialogic Personalism
CHALUPSKÁ, Martina
This work deals with positivism, which began to embed its own roots in the 18th century in philosophy of language and has started to create dramatically right after the First Word War, this positivism is known as Dialogical Personalism. This bachelor work describes Dialogical Personalism itself, its integration into philosophy and consecutive development primarily when it comes to the world´s author such as Franz Rosenzweig, Ferdinand Ebner, Martin Buber a Emmanuel Lévinas and also the Czech author scene which is represented by Karel Vrána, Jolana Poláková or Milan Machovec. In this work I am looking more deeply into the lives of these authors and I am also analysing their magnum opus in the field of philosophical dialogue. Further I am describing here the biblical proportion of this philosophical trend. This is because, Bible is the main source from which philosophers of dialogue stem from.
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A character of Narcissi at Andrée Gide, Paul Valéry and Jean Lorrain
Reinischová, Kateřina ; Ébert-Zeminová, Catherine (advisor) ; Listíková, Renáta (referee)
Ce travail se propose pour le but de mettre au point le theme de la reprise ou bien du renouvellement de la figure de Narcisse (theme - personnage - provenant de la mythologie grecque, premierement noté par Ovide dans son oeuvre nommée Métamorphoses) dans la littérature au tournant des XIXe et XXe siecles, notamment chez les auteurs de la « deuxieme vague » de la littérature symbolique (terme employé par Jan O. Fischer, 1974, page 16) en d'autres termes : issus de mouvement symbolique et décadentiste. Précisément il sera question d'examiner la représentation et la fonction de la thématique, désignée plus haut, chez André Gide dans son Traité de Narcisse, chez Paul Valéry dans ses poemes Narcisse parle et Fragments de Narcisse ainsi que chez Jean Lorrain dans son court récit dénommé Narkiss. Pour l'encrage du theme on essayera, d'abord, de constituer un réseau théorique qui nous permettra de mieux comprendre les termes et les théories tels que le symbole, le mythe littéraire (le mythe de Narcisse en particulier), le symbolisme (décadence par extension) et les inclinaisons de ce mouvement littéraire a deux concepts poétiques nommés précédemment. Ces principes nous sont nécessaires pour développer le theme choisi dans les analyses. Pendant qu'on étalera ces explications, on effleurera, a part les sciences...
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Wandering trought Genius loci (Cultural landscape of Bohemia)
Dryjová, Eva ; Opletalová, Lenka (referee) ; Czumalo, Vladimír (advisor)
The thesis focuses on landscape in the context of culture, or "cultural landscape" from the perspective of genius loci - "spirit of a place" - which on one hand consists of unique subjective feelings, yet also transcends subjectivity. At one level the atmosphere of a place is created by nature. However, at another level the presence of the human element is indispensable - "dead men" determine the overall spirit of each location. The overall spirit is thus an expression how landscapes appropriate us. (From this perspective the spirit of the place is not just a fleeting and purely subjective impression, but an expression of the fact that, in a manner of speaking, we are appropriated by the land ourselves.) This thesis discusses in fact two different points of view: the anthropological perspective (the subject produces nature, nature produces the subject) and the perspective of the landscape itself (landscape has its own quality - from nature's own point of view the Baroque period is a meaningless term). In order to study genius loci it is necessary to find some tools to help us describe it within the context of human history and culture. One possibility is to start with a description of cultural landscape. The theoretical explanations in the chapter "The Historical Developement of Landscape as of a Natural...
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From the sensual experience to the transcendental one in the selected works by: A. Gide and J.M.G. Le Clézio
Vrchovecká, Jana ; Jamek, Václav (advisor) ; Voldřichová - Beránková, Eva (referee)
Jana Vrchovecká: From the sensual experience to the transcendental one The tradition of sensualism or vitalism is rarely represented in the French literature. During the twentieth century several authors tried to revive this tendency. The first apologist was André Gide, whose work Les Nourritures terrestres (1893) was considered as a doctrine of the sensual attitude, and for its spiritual overlap it was even called The New evangel. The deification of the material aspect of the reality becomes the link with the last holder of the Nobel Literature Prize: Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio. In his early essay: L'Extase matérielle (1968) he also exalts the sensual experience as the base of the transcendental one. The first part of the work compares the authors' sensual attitude in the mentioned works by the analyse of the particular senses. The synchronic participation of all them should provoke the second state of consciousness whose first grade is the ecstasy and the most desired one is the prophetic mind. The second part analyses the factors that contribute to this double objective. The necessary condition is the anchoring in the present moment. Both the authors worship the cult of the Sun which substitutes the traditional notion of the God. However, the individual must also cut out the bonds that impede...
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Infinity in the Thought of Emmanuel Lévinas
Vik, Dalibor ; Vogel, Jiří (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee)
The master's thesis deals with the concept of infinity in the thought of the French thinker Emmanuel Lévinas. The formal exposition follows this concept as a core of Lévinas's philosophy (3.1) and it aims to explain it in the terms of juxtaposing metaphysics as ontology (3.2) and metaphysics as ethics (3.3). The main objective of the phenomenal analysis is to "translate" this concept into particular "anthropological" categories and to pursue the manners, in which it structures the interior life of the subjectivity (4.1), its existence within the world (4.2) and how does it transfigure its relation to its neighbor, to its own death, and to love, which leads to fertility (4.3). Secondarily, the work focuses on the context of Lévinas's thought and explores its relation to Husserl's and Heidegger's phenomenology (2.2), thinkings of Martin Buber and Franz Rosenzweig (2.3) and the pioneer of subjective philosophy René Descartes (2.4).
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The role of metaphoric representation in the relation of man to transcendence
Stehlíková, Hana ; Horský, Jan (advisor) ; Marek, Jakub (referee)
The thesis deals with the topic of a relation of the human being to transcendence through the concept of metaphor and metaphorical representation. It begins with the comparison of two philosophical systems, namely the ones of Immanuel Kant and Friedrich Nietzsche, whose conceptions are in thesis connected through the question of the limits of human understanding and the relation between the process of thinking and language. The thesis deals with those questions from the point of view of the philosophical concept of the metaphor. This concept, its history and implications are the main topics for the last two chapters. The conclusion will offer two opposite positions, symbolism and idealism. We can find those positions retrospectively in the mentioned works of Kant and Nietzsche thanks to the theory of Jacques Derrida in the final part of the thesis, but we also come to the assumption that their opposition will remain undecided.
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Relationship between "Ich" and "Der andere" in Améry's "Hand an sich legen"
Straková, Zuzana ; Kouba, Petr (advisor) ; Švec, Ondřej (referee)
(in English) This thesis deals with the relationship between The Self and The Other as presented in the works of Jean Améry, especially in his book about suicide. To think about the relationship between these two agents means also to think about freedom, humanity, the right to life, and the right to voluntary death. The first part of the thesis is concerned with the definitions of the relevant concepts; the second part reflects on the concept of voluntary death. It is precisely the voluntary death that can be the most radical result of the culmination of misunderstanding between The Self and The Other. For voluntary death is not only a decision not to live at this time and place but also a decision to leave this society, the others. According to Améry, the decision to commit suicide is a free, natural, and humane act. By saying that suicide is a free act Améry argues against the deterministic teachings of psychologists. Améry believes that voluntary death is a natural response to inhuman, humiliating, or for any other reason unacceptable life conditions. He thinks that voluntary death is also a humane act, as it gives men the opportunity to stop existing when there is a threat to their existence as human beings, for example when they get dehumanized like a muselman in a concentration camp. In the...
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Towards an Eco-inspired poetics of minimalist narrative
Kuzmičová, Anežka ; Pokorný, Martin (referee) ; Bílek, Petr (advisor)
What is a minimalist narrative, and what are its characteristic features? How do you identify one? For many critics, minimalist writing is a strictly historical notion - even though they at the same time, like John Barth does in his famous apologetics "A Few Words About Minimalism", paradoxically enough stress its ubiquitous nature throughout literature of all times. By narrative minimalism the American critic generally means the austere style of the novels and short stories of Raymond Carver, Amy Hempel, Mary Robison, Joan Didion, Ann Beattie. An American literary current of the 1970s mainly, devoted merely to the quotidian, descriptive, often reduced to what can be perceived from the outside of a human character. Thereby: the "dirty realism" or "K-mart realism". These derogatory labels tell us that the literary reviewer and critic of today still formulates his terms and judgments out of a hierarchically ordered, traditional presupposition of what a narrative text is and should be, working with a virtual model of balance between "form" and "content". Translated into the language of classical narratology: story discourse.
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Essay on enthusiasm - political critique of enthusiastic aesthetics
Stejskal, Jakub ; Ševčík, Miloš (referee) ; Zuska, Vlastimil (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is to critically examine the notion of enthusiasm as an aesthetic concept and to prove its persisting impact on contemporary aesthetic theory, especially on the work of Jean-François Lyotard. Enthusiastic aesthetics explains aesthetic experience as a strong sensuous experience, which admits of no intellectual participation. The power of the experience is the proof of its non-human source; a source that transcends the scope of human understanding, whether it be called God, the Other, the Thing, or Matter. Because of his/her passive role of an unconscious recipient of this power, the subject cannot actively participate in the actual aesthetic reception. Such a treatment of the aesthetic experience is perilous (especially from a political point of view) because the subject completely succumbs to a power the source of which he/she cannot grasp, hoping that the sensuous ecstasy, which is the symptom of that power, is a proof of its "divine" origin.
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The rococo aestetics in the Marivaux's dramas
Očenáš, Marek ; Pohorský, Aleš (advisor) ; Jamek, Václav (referee)
In cornparison to the superiority of c1assicisrn, the art and the literature of 18th century were considered decadent already during the period of its inception. The decorative style which was fashionable in the first half of this century was called "rocaille". The name of "rococo style" was created by putting together two words "rocaille" and "baroco" (baroque). This term refers to irregularity and to non-uniformity. That's why the current tlowery love style of language is titled also "late baroque style" in France. This term isn't convenient, because nowadays people aren't used to tum to supematural world, but by putting accent on sensibility of individual they prefer earthly joys that need to be changed to avoid uniformity. By diverging frorn c1assicist roles of the Louis XIV's century, the art of the first half of 18th century differs frorn the baroque style also in the literature, even though sorne tendencies are the same in both styles. In the 60's of 20th century, there are sorne literary works whose authors are trying to justify validity of rococo style also in the literature, as its decorative style was already acknowledged by historians of art. Following these innovating thoughts and the study frorn Jean Weisgerber, the purpose ofthis dissertation is to prove the originality of the literature of...
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