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3D modelování jako prostředek rozvoje tvořivosti žáků 2. stupně základní školy
SOSNA, Tomáš
The dissertation deals with the issue of creativity development using 3D modeling. In the introductory, theoretical part of the work, defining the concept of creativity is the first step towards understanding its essence and mechanisms. Defining the term 3D modeling is key to understanding its role and importance in the context of work. Although the connection of creativity with 3D modeling has great potential in the field of education and development of pupils' abilities, it is practically unexplored. At the same time, the teaching of 3D modeling is slowly but surely entering the curriculum of elementary schools and appears to be a good and modern means of teaching technical subjects that can develop the creativity of pupils. In addition, the possibility of the influence of a curricular document from the field of technology on creativity was investigated. The overlap with the planned major revisions of the RVP ZV is also mentioned, especially in the area of 3D modeling. In order to clarify the relationship between 3D modeling and creativity, quantitative research was carried out in the practical part of the work among pupils of the 2nd grade of primary schools. The research was divided into two areas A and B. In part A, the development of creativity in the control group, in which the teaching of technical education took place in the classic way, was compared with the development of creativity in the experimental group, in which the teaching took place with the support of 3D modeling tools. In part B, the development of creativity in the control group with 3D modeling lessons was compared with the development of creativity in the experimental group, in which the 3D modeling lessons were additionally supplemented with specially designed creative tasks. Data collection took place in the form of testing students using Torrance's Figural Test of Creative Thinking. The obtained results were processed using the Wilcoxon paired test and the Mann and Whitney U-test in the statistical program R. The main part of the work describes the results of the research, which are discussed from the perspective of the goal of the work and partial steps. In addition, the final summary discusses the possibilities for further research, which emerged from the results of this work, and identified recommendations for further investigation.
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English Past Conditional and the Errors of Czech Advanced Learners of English
Kovandová, Marie ; Malá, Markéta (advisor) ; Jančovičová, Ivana (referee)
The present work studies the uses of the English past conditional and problems it poses for Czech advanced learners of English. The correspondences between the English past conditional and its Czech translation counterparts are explored using a parallel translation corpus. This analysis shows patterns of translation correspondence and confirms that the English past conditional most frequently corresponds to the Czech present conditional. It also presents different ways of expressing the condition in both languages. The results then serve as a basis for a test administered to the students of the first year of the English studies Bc. programme at the Faculty of Education, Charles University. The answers of students are described and evaluated and suggest that they are quite proficient with conditionals. According to the results, the most difficult sentences are those where the past conditional is appropriate in English, but the present conditional is used in Czech. Additionally, where the condition is expressed in a way other than by a conditional clause (e.g., adverbial, implied, etc.). Other influences are also taken into account. The analysis is based on 50 examples gathered from the parallel corpus InterCorp available through the Czech National Corpus website and 60 students' responds. KEYWORDS...
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3D models of rock relief based on various data
Pecáková, Kateřina ; Hartvich, Filip (advisor) ; Jelének, Jan (referee)
The use of digital elevation models is becoming increasingly used as a scientific method, thanks to the advancement of technologies and public accessibility, particularly in the fields of geomorphology and physical geography. The use of UAV significantly facilitates data collection and subsequent creation of a digital model through the structure from motion (SfM) process. Another data collection method employed in the research is the laser scanning using terrestrial laser scanner (TLS). The aim of the study is to create digital models using these methods and to compare them using the software environment of Agisoft Metashape and CloudCompare software. Additionally, it investigates the influence of georeferencing points on the quality and accuracy of the models. Furthermore, a comparison of the individual methods is conducted based on such parameters as time, costs, data flexibility, environmental impact, and others. The study also seeks to determine the influence of the digital model parameters on obtaining secondary information from the DEMs, such as slope azimuth and geometry of structural planes and joints, used for example in the research of the prevention of potential rockfalls. The results indicate that the use of UAVs is suitable, if not the best option, for geomorphological features in...
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Readiness of beginning teachers for prevention and solution of school bullying
Fáčková, Jana ; Zvírotský, Michal (advisor) ; Richterová, Magdalena (referee)
ABSTRACT This master's thesis is focused on how theoretically prepared new teachers are in the matter of preventing and dealing with school bullying. The theoretical section is focused on explaining certain terminology related to school bullying, and describes the role of the teacher and new teacher. This section discusses the important role of preventive methods at schools, possible measures to prevent bullying and approaches to dealing with bullying, both in terms of the bullying of pupils and teachers. The practical section analyses two elementary schools in the Central Bohemian Region. These schools differ in terms of pupil numbers, style of teaching and staffing. Only 52 respondents filled out the questionnaire. I also sent the questionnaire to experienced teachers, and I was interested in their approach to the minimum preventive programme. In interviews with teachers who are only setting out on their professional careers, I also ascertained how university education has prepared them for possible cases of school bullying and whether the teaching profession has met their expectations. A part of my empirical research also included interviews with prevention methodologists and a school psychologist. In the final section, recommendations are suggested for new teachers and schools to prevent school...
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Development and comparison of the SPOLU coalition parties programs in the years 2020-2023
Jirásková, Nikola ; Stracený, Josef (advisor) ; Prokschová, Daniela (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to compare the election programs of the individual parties of the SPOLU coalition from 2017 with the SPOLU election program from 2021, and to find out how the programs of the three coalition parties were reflected in the SPOLU program. The first part of the thesis covers the theory of political parties and political party systems. It describes the election process and the results of the 2017 and 2021 elections, together with financial aspects of the election campaigns. The second part of the thesis deals with the establishment, history and characteristics of KDU-ČSL, ODS and TOP 09 and the inception of the coalition SPOLU. The key element of this work are the chapters, in which election programs of the individual parties of the coalition SPOLU and their joint program are discussed. The programs are then compared and an assessment is made as to which party has contributed individual points into the coalition program and if/how it is being implemented by the resulting government. Based on the comparative part of this work, it can be stated that ODS and TOP 09 had greater influence in forming the joint election program. The methods used in this thesis are description, comparison and analysis. KEYWORDS election programs, coalition, elections, KDU-ČSL, ODS, TOP 09, SPOLU
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Developing mathematical literacy in chemical tasks for upper secondary school
Břížďala, Jan ; Stratilová Urválková, Eva (advisor) ; Čtrnáctová, Hana (referee) ; Klečková, Marta (referee)
This thesis focuses on the correlation between the state of pupils' math literacies (grammar school graduates) and their success in solving chemical tasks. It identifies factors influencing the success of solving specific chemistry tasks. Generally, mathematical literacies are established as the ability to apply mathematical concepts to real practical tasks. Typically, chemistry involves chemical calculations, description of molecule geometry, and reading and interpreting data from graphs, tables or diagrams. Mathematical literacy is a key topic addressed by several international research studies (primarily PISA and TIMSS). The national strategic documents in the field of education (e.g. Strategy 2030+) place a strong emphasis on connecting the subject matter with real-life experiences including the application of mathematical concepts in chemistry. This thesis includes the creation of a didactic test comprising complex tasks from general chemistry, inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, and biochemistry. To solve these tasks, students need to prove obtaining the knowledge and literacies of maths as well as chemistry on a high school level. The presented test aims to assess students' ability to solve these tasks and potentially identify the reasons for their failures. The didactic test was...
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Preparatory exercises to eliminate the most common faults in hurdles
Petřík, Pavel ; Jandová, Soňa (advisor) ; Kašpar, Ladislav (referee)
Diploma thesis is focused on the mistakes of hurdle running. Technical performance is very often ignored to the exclusion of training intensity and volume. The aim of the thesis is to analyze the technical faults and then describe preliminary exercises that will improve the technical performance of the different parts of hurdle running. In the theoretical part, the readers are introduced to information related to hurdle running (start, technique, rhythmic unit, etc.). In addition, the theoretical part introduces several aspects that lead to improving hurdling performance, such as strength, speed, and other skills. Lastly, the connection between psychology and sport is mentioned, where learning and temperament are mainly discussed. A very peripheral view of the philosophy of sport is mentioned in the thesis. Subsequently, we have taken pictures and analyzed them and named the most common mistakes in hurdling technique. We then applied preliminary exercises for 10 weeks and then took a second picture record. After the intervention program, we verified the athlete's progress. In most cases, the program worked as expected, only in one case the expected result did not occur. The last subchapter deals with the alternative use of obstacle courses in school physical education classes. The thesis then...
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Canistherapy in Kindergarten
Mačenková, Jitka ; Sotáková, Hana (advisor) ; Viktorová, Ida (referee)
This thesis focuses on the question of inclusion of canistherapy activities for healthy children into the program of kindergardens. The aim of the theoretical par was to describe the specifics of the development of pre-school age on different levels, characterise of the basic terms from the field of canistherapy and note the general rules ensuring the safety and hygienic environment. The research took place focusing on two different age groups. The research shows differences in the levels of knowledge, reactions to a live animal and the development of relationships. Different reactions and experiences further show the need of inclusion of all specifics of different ages when planing the therapeutical activities. During the research there were identified the benefits of canistherapy within the development of children in line with the aims and outcomes of the educational program for pre-school education. To carry out the experiment, the methods of observation, interviews and active research were applied.The verification took place through the realisation of prepared canistherapy activities with the following evaluation of goals and achieved competencies. The results show positive effect of canistherapies on the entire development of children and the support of the learning skills and ability to...
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Development of social behavior in preschool children using literary works
Kubátová, Tereza ; Laufková, Veronika (advisor) ; Kadrnožková, Monika (referee)
This thesis presents options how to acquaint preschool-aged children with etiquette by the work with a book. The theoretical part of this thesis defines the basic terms which are related to etiquette and are crucial to the topic of thesis. It deals with socialization, social and moral development of preschool-aged children. This part gains an insight into etiquette. It sums up the findings about children's literature and takes a deeper view on stories with educational content. There is also a closer view on information how to work with a book in nursery school by the methods of Reading and Writing for Critical Thinking and Three Phase Model of Learning. There were determined five partial goals in the practical part. First of all it was being found out if and in what way the nursery teachers work with children with a topic of the formal rules of correct or polite behaviour in society. To achieve this goal was made the questionnaire for nursery teachers. On the basis of the outcome of this questionnaire were evaluated five most common difficulties of children's etiquette in the nursery (relationships, observing the rules, table manners, manipulation with things and relationship with authorities). Subsequently there were created educational lessons connected with these five trouble areas, which the...
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Difference in approaches to prevention and therapy of male and female football players with ACL injury - research paper
Leszkow, David ; Pavlů, Dagmar (advisor) ; Reckziegelová, Petra (referee)
Title: Differences in Approaches to Prevention and Therapy for Female and Male Football Players with ACL Injuries - A Systematic Review Objective: The main aim of this thesis is to investigate whether there are different approaches to the prevention and treatment of ACL injuries in male and female football players. Methods: The thesis is prepared as a theoretical text in the form of a systematic literature search using PubMed, Web of Science and PEDro databases. The first part of the thesis contains the current status of the studied issue, theoretical background and treatment options for ACL injuries. The second part is descriptive-analytical in nature. It contains an analysis of the studies included in the thesis. Results: After the search, 4 studies met the criteria. Each of them focused on injury prevention, but unfortunately none of them investigated physiotherapy as such. However, the evaluation of the studies shows that both men and women use the same prevention programmes in football, which can reduce the risk of injury by up to 50 %. A limitation of the search is that most of the studies used did not examine the effect of prevention on both sexes simultaneously. Keywords: ACL, LCA, přední zkřížený vaz, ruptura, plastika, prevence, poranění, fyzioterapie, rehabilitace, postup, ženy, muži,...
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