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Eternity and Time in Jan Patočka's Studies of Macha's Poetry
Krlínová, Kateřina ; Ritter, Martin (advisor) ; Frei, Jan (referee)
The thesis deals with concepts of temporality and eternity in Jan Patočka's text "Time, eternity and temporality in Mácha's work." It examines in detail interpretation of Macha's model of the world, which is linked with Patočka's conception of life movements. In Macha's studies, the temporality is shown as opposite to an idea of eternity. Therefore, the thesis also aims at a clarification of such a concept of eternity and try to find out in which relation it can be to the temporality. The text is grounded in the above mentioned Patočka's study, other Patočka's studies related to the conception of life movements, in poetry of K. H. Mácha and in texts dealing with interpretations of both authors. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Difference of ontological difference in thinking of Martin Heidegger
Dubovec, Marcel ; Novák, Aleš (advisor) ; Novotný, Jaroslav (referee)
DUBOVEC, M.: Difference of ontological difference in thinking of Martin Heidegger (Master's thesis) Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Humanities, Institute for philosophy and religious studies. Supervisor: doc. Mgr. Aleš Novák, Ph.D. The aim of master's thesis consists in explication of ontological difference in Martin Heidegger's thinking. For this purpose is used a dual method of interpretion of difference in the concept of ontological difference. First it is the issue of the difference as such. For the understanding of this idea it is analyzed the text Onto-Theological Constitution of Metaphysics. The second interpretation od difference concentrate on different understanding of ontological difference. The text Basic Problems of Phenomenology is presented as the opposite one, in which the ontological difference is connected with the temporality. The last part of master's thesis concerns the text On the essence of ground. With this the concept of transcendence is introduced as a subject in which the explication of ontological difference leads. Key words: ontological difference, onto-theology, ecstatic-horizontal temporality, Temporality, transcendence, understanding of Being
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Pre-reflexive Self-relation of Consciousness and Constitution of the "Ego". Husserl and Sartre
Matoušek, Josef ; Novotný, Karel (advisor) ; Zika, Richard (referee)
The study concentrates on possible connection between phenomenological thought of Edmund Husserl and Jean-Paul Sartre by focusing on the way by which each of them frames pre-reflexive self-awareness of consciousness and its role in the process of constitution of the identity of the "Ego" as a subjective pole. Essential motivation derives from the effort of highlighting those moments of Husserl's thinking, which might have been or actually were a source of inspiration for Sartre and the formulation of these concepts in the early stages of his career. Subsequently, the quest is to clarify the scale of this inspiration and to shed some light on the question whether Sartre did not push his constructions over the boundaries of the scientific field set by Husserl. The study also incorporates several of Husserl's works which are in their conclusions tending to go against those presented as a possible source of Sartre's inspiration. That is done in order not to simplify the ambivalence of Husserl's work over the acceptable limit as well as to emphasize the nature of the investigations preferred by Sartre. These investigations lead in his work to the conceptualization of human existence as necessarily free, which is the conclusion of the presented study. Key words: Husserl, Sartre, consciousness,...
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Contexts of emergence of freedom in the philosophy of Jean Paul Sartre
Straka, Jan ; Pelcová, Naděžda (advisor) ; Blažková, Miloslava (referee)
The goal of this thesis is to map Jean Paul Sartre's ontological inquiry into the concept of freedom. We will view Sartre as an influential modern ontologist. Therefore the concept of freedom will be apprehend within the framework of inquiry into the being of things, which in this perspective means the human being. The intelectual productivity of Sartre during the 1930s and 1940s finds its original ontological base for exploring the modes of being of human existence mainly within the perspective of Husserl's Phenomenology. That is true at least for his most influential work from this period called Being and nothigness (1943). This phenomenological basis of Sartre's inquiry are changing in the following decades towards the social ontology that originally connects his former existentialism with marxism viewed through fresh and original perspectives. This kind of ontology obtains its most coherent form in Sartre's extensive work called The Critique of Dialectical Reason (1960). Finally, we consider as necessary to reflect Sartre's work through the perspective of following generation of french philosophical thinking influenced mainly by structuralism. Structuralist readings of thinkers like Nietzsche, Freud, Marx or Sartre alone by this following generation of thinkers (Derrida, Levi Strauss,...
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The Conception of Subject in the Philosophy of Ladislav Hejdánek
Dostál, Václav ; Karfíková, Lenka (advisor) ; Němec, Václav (referee)
Philosopher Ladislav Hejdánek (*1927) comes up with an idea that every subject is an event taking place in time. Moreover, not only an animal or a plant is taken to be a subject, but a cellule, a molecule, an atom or a subatomic particle as well. A subject is not formed "from outside", too - it is established in order to achieve a continuity within a series of actions and it is constituted "from below" by the very actions for which the formation of a subject is attractive and desirable. The thesis wants to show why and how Ladislav Hejdánek comes to this conception of subject and what consequences flow from it. In addition to published texts, the thesis builds upon Hejdánek's "diaries of ideas", still unpublished, nearly everyday records from a number of decades that Archive of Ladislav Hejdánek has been looking after and successively digitizing.
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Time
Grúňová, Nina ; Nálevka, Jan (referee) ; Rathouský, Luděk (advisor)
Directions, where my practical part of thesis lead me, is preset moment "now", its understanding in different disciplines and also empiric examination of collision between the time of inside quality and time, which has set independent scale into our world - chronological time. Motive for choosing such topic is mainly my own experience, but it is also reaction to contemporary tendencies in art scene, which (by my opinion) are turning away from present. The outcome of this interest is a video Uchopit okamžik/hold the moment ( 08'30 '' , 2016) filmed at studio keying screen accompanied by audio commentary. The second video Natáhnout okamžik/extend the moment ( 01'00 '', 2016) is a video recording of my own experience with time. I came out from my own experience and also resources and nonfiction of the phenomenological texts by authors such as Emmanuel Lévians or Jan Sokol.
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Seventh-Day Adventists between modernism and postmodernism
JETELINA, Bedřich
This work reflects on how the Seventh-day Adventist Church meets the challenges of postmodernism, despite itself having its roots deep in the modern era. The first part deals with the origin of the Seventh-day Adventist Church and the development of its dogma. It primarily focuses on the Thomas Reid?s philosophy of common sense and describes the Adventist statements of dogma that are typical of this church and were influenced by the philosophy of common sense. The second part analyses how this church deals with the challenges of the postmodern era. It describes the current categorisation of Adventist theology on the basis of the differing macro-hermeneutic of the individual streams that depend on how they view the relationship between God and time. It also indicates the practical impacts that these various approaches to church praxis lead to. The aim of this work is to be as objective as possible in describing the current situation and show the potential risks and solutions that the church and its members face. In the author?s opinion, an adequate response to the problems of Adventism in the postmodern era can be found in shifting the emphasis to a general Christian perspective and in redefining specifically Adventist teachings.
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