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Kant's Theory of Schematism
Bis, Ondřej ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor) ; Chotaš, Jiří (referee)
The thesis focuses on a chapter from Kant's Critique of Pure Reason, "The Schematism of the Pure Concepts of the Understanding". Kant assumes two independent sources of knowledge, understanding and intuition. These sources need to be overcome, because of their heterogeneity. Schematism is closely related to "The Deduction of the Pure Concepts of the Understanding". That is why the analysis of schemata is preceded by the analysis of this chapter. It shows a more detailed description of a role of intuition with respect to understanding. Firstly, the validity of the categories regarding whatever form of intuition is proved. Secondly, the proof of the validity of the categories regarding specific forms of time and space follows. The chapter on schematism deals with the specific methods by means of which the categories relate to intuition. Kant introduces transcendental schemata bridging the heterogeneity of understanding and intuition. The relation between category and schema is understood as one of analogy. The categories are rules of discursive type of unity of any kind of intuition, whereas schemata are determined as rules of perceptive unity of intuition. Intuition is brought under unity of apperception by means of schemata of imagination. Inseparable part of the thesis is the schematism of...
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Active vocabulary connected with the perception of
Skalová, Dana ; Kaslová, Michaela (advisor) ; Šarounová, Alena (referee)
The thesis deals with active vocabulary related to the perception of solid objects by 5-6- year-old children. The main objective of this thesis is to map which verbal expressions the children use when recognising, comparing and identifying solid objects, how they are able to cope with the deficit of the respective vocabulary, what details they notice most often in describing, identifying and comparing solid objects, or what is most easy for them and, by contrast, what they are not able to express in words. To meet this objective, an experiment method was applied. The experiment was conducted in two kindergartens according to the scenario prepared in advance, using a set of wooden solid objects, which the children were to identify, describe and compare. The contribution of the thesis consists in the fact that it addresses the topics related to pre- school age, which are not elaborated in more detail in the available literature.
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Selected information theories and its comparison
Vácha, Martin ; Souček, Martin (advisor) ; Buřilová, Marcela (referee)
The work deals with understanding the concept of identifying information in a number of philosophical concepts of selected authors (Plato, Aristotle, McLuhan, Shannon, Šmajs, Patočka, Buckland, Saab). Critically analyzes mentioned conceptions and try to capture their development in the background of wider philosophical understandings of the relationship between man and the world. Provides a description of the impact of the development of modern communication technologies on this relationship and these aspects. This work also presented the inference of the basic considerations that can be explained from the concept of information across a given historical conceptions and from the author's own understanding of the concept of information.
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Ladislav Hejdánek's conceptual thought in the context of Husserl's phenomenology
Tollar, Václav ; Chotaš, Jiří (advisor) ; Němec, Václav (referee) ; Urban, Petr (referee)
This thesis deals with the notion of conceptual thought as developed by the Czech philosopher, Ladislav Hejdánek, within the referential framework of Husserl's phenomenology. The aim of the thesis is to thoroughly reconstruct the points of departure and basic motifs of Hejdánek's concept, since the reflection of conceptual thought is one of the milestones of Hejdánek's critical thinking, which has not yet been systematically worked out by Hejdánek or anyone else. Hejdánek is interpreted here mainly in the context of Husserl's noematic theory of meaning, enabling us to view Hejdánek through the predicates of a philosophical mainstream as well as to explore some of the problematic points of Husserl's thought processes that are not usually noticed and which have been approached creatively by Hejdánek from an unexpected perspective. The first two chapters present a preliminary overview of Husserl's philosophy (from his Göttingen period in particular), drawing on in-depth research into Husserl's manuscripts carried out by Petr Urban. This overview is followed by four chapters that interpret Hejdánek's concept and finish with a summary, applying the concept of conceptual thought to the world of knowledge and placing the notion of conceptuality within Hejdánek's thought. The individual chapters discuss...
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The Theory of Judgment in School of Brentano and in the Early Work of Husserl
Janoušek, Hynek ; Urban, Petr (advisor) ; Moural, Josef (referee) ; Šebestík, Jan (referee)
The submitted doctoral thesis is an attempt to describe the nature and of the development of Brentano's theory of judgment. This description is followed by an introduction to the further development of Brentano's theory in the work of Brentano's most distinguished students Kazimierz Twardowski (1866-1938), Alexius Meinong (1853-1920), Anton Marty (1843-1914) and Edmund Husserl (1859-1938). The thesis is divided into five parts: The first part is dedicated to the explanation of Brentano's theory of judgment and starts with an interpretation of Brentano's two early books on Aristotle - On the several senses of Being in Aristotle (1862) and The Psychology of Aristotle (1867). The thesis presents Brentano's understanding of "being" in the sense of truth, his interpretation of the Aristotelian categories, his theory of parts and wholes, and his theory of intentionality and self-consciousness. Our interpretation then proceeds to Brentano's most known work, i.e. to Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint (1874), and presents the basic concept of this book, the concept of psychical phenomena. The resulting classification of psychical phenomena into three kinds introduces judgments as a kind of psychical phenomenon whose main feature consists in existential affirmation or rejection of an intentional object....
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Teambuilding programs in CR
Krejčík, Jan ; Janák, Vladimír (advisor) ; Procházka, Jan (referee)
Title: Teambuilding programs in CR Goals: The goal of this bachelor's thesis is to discover and present the recent trends and characteristics of the Czech market in the field of teambuilding programs and a following suggestion about how to improve them. Methods: For writing this thesis was used the PESTLE analysis, then the analysis of potential rivals in form of modified Porter's five forces model and later the SWOT analysis. The chosen sample of the twenty Czech teambuilding agencies was selected on behalf of the rank of the agencie's internet pages in some well known internet search engines. The three agencies, which were examined in detail, were selected from the representative sample with the help of criteria of own design. The writing and the outcomes of the analyses were consulted with professionals in form of informal interviews. Results: Show us the typical strengths and weaknesses of the Czech agencies and the opportunities and threats of the Czech environment in the field of teambuilding. They also show possibilities how to utilize the possible opportunities for our advantage and how to avoid the threats. Key words: brief history, term, agencies, supply of programs, competition
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Kant's Theory of Schematism
Bis, Ondřej ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor) ; Chotaš, Jiří (referee)
The thesis focuses on a chapter from Kant's Critique of Pure Reason, "The Schematism of the Pure Concepts of the Understanding". Kant assumes two independent sources of knowledge, understanding and intuition. These sources need to be overcome, because of their heterogeneity. Schematism is closely related to "The Deduction of the Pure Concepts of the Understanding". That is why the analysis of schemata is preceded by the analysis of this chapter. It shows a more detailed description of a role of intuition with respect to understanding. Firstly, the validity of the categories regarding whatever form of intuition is proved. Secondly, the proof of the validity of the categories regarding specific forms of time and space follows. The chapter on schematism deals with the specific methods by means of which the categories relate to intuition. Kant introduces transcendental schemata bridging the heterogeneity of understanding and intuition. The relation between category and schema is understood as one of analogy. The categories are rules of discursive type of unity of any kind of intuition, whereas schemata are determined as rules of perceptive unity of intuition. Intuition is brought under unity of apperception by means of schemata of imagination. Inseparable part of the thesis is the schematism of...
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Kant and Husserl on Transcendental Character of Experience
Trnka, Jakub ; Moural, Josef (advisor) ; Karásek, Jindřich (referee) ; Novotný, Karel (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to examine both Husserl's and Kant's transcendentalism in a way that would avoid the tendency to put the main accent on Husserl, which is an approach common to almost all literature dealing with this topic so far. Since it is for the most part Husserl's own critique of Kant that inspires such ongoing underestimation of Kant in comparison to Husserl, this work focuss on the question of the legitimacy of this critique. The core of the thesis is an original interpretation of Kant's transcendental philosophy which, instead of taking for granted the phenomenological point of view, attempts to describe Kant's philosophical enterprise from its own perspective and in its own right. In its second part, the thesis provides a brief description of how Husserl, starting initially from the position of descriptive psychology, arrives at a transcendental dimension. When so put side by side, it becomes evident that the two transcendental positions are in fact very different. Husserl's critique of Kant then appears as unjustified, even though quite understandable as an attempt to draw back from certain immature motives of his own philosophy.
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Comparison of logical and psychological perspectives on the concept of number.
Kuncová, Alexandra ; Punčochář, Vít (advisor) ; Kůrka, Petr (referee)
This paper is divided into three main parts. In the first part, we propose a logical approach to the concept of number based on Frege's Foundations of Arithmetic. Besides the main attempt to define and classify number per se, we also discuss Husserl's struggle with psychologism, Frege's logicism, and the construction of the series of natural numbers. In the second part, we look at a psychological approach to the concept of number through theories and experiments of cogni- tive science. We focus on infants' understanding of numbers and amounts, their counting abilities and later conventional skills. In the third part, we summarise differences as well as similarities of these two approaches. Keywords: cognitive science, concept, Frege, Husserl, identity, logicism, num- ber, one-to-one correspondence, Piaget, psychologism. "As far as the laws of mathematics refer to reality, they are not certain; and as far as they are certain, they do not refer to reality." (Albert Einstein, Geometry and Experience, 1921)
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