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Ontologies as an instrument for a design of data models of selected themes of the INSPIRE directive
Čerba, Otakar ; Čepek, Aleš (advisor) ; Rapant, Petr (referee) ; Feranec, Ján (referee)
It turns out that for most users of spatial data presents a harmonization of data (as an elimination of heterogeneity) as the greatest problem - a transformation their own data sets to the data specifications produced by the INSPIRE Directive so as not to limit current processes processing, management, sharing and presentation of data. Therefore, they need the widest possible description of spatial data, because it will only eliminate the problems of heterogeneity. The author of this Ph.D. thesis dealt with the opportunities which ontologies bring to the process of data modelling. The aim was to describe using ontologies the selected part (classification systems) of data models of spatial data themes "Land Cover" and "Land Use" which are defined in Annexes II and III of the INSPIRE directive. Developed ontologies serve as a source of information on classification systems. Their evaluation (so-called reasoning) will provide new information (relationships between taxonomy elements) that play an important role in the transformation process of classification systems as part of the harmonization of spatial data. Creating of ontologies consisted of three main steps - selection of appropriate methodology, development of a basic ontology structure and iterative process of populating and specification of...
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Crisis of the Life-World
Holá, Klára ; Pelcová, Naděžda (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee) ; Pauza, Miroslav (referee)
Krize přirozeného světa The crisis of the Life-world PhDr. Klára Holá This doctoral thesis called The crisis of the Life-world is an interdisciplinary theoretical treatise on a problem of the crisis in connection with the Life-world, the main phenomenological issue. The crisis is related to the Life-world itself. The thesis tries to explain the problem of the crisis as a timeless concept ontologically related to a human being, as well as an ethical issue accompanying the development of the modern society. The aim of the thesis is to define the crisis of the Life-world, to describe its symptoms in the various areas, and to outline some possible solutions. To achieve the aim I have divided the conception of the crisis into two meanings which are related to each other: the ontological crisis and the ethical crisis. My hypothesis has proved the ontological crisis unavoidable, as it springs from the ambivalent position of the human being whereas we can balance the ethical aspects in various ways. I have used the comparative and phenomenological method as well as the phenomenological-hermeneutic methods of the text-interpretation. I also used the specific phenomenological method of transcendental epoché. Therefore, I have preferred the interdisciplinary access to this problem. The access can reveal in the...
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The simultaneity of the incompossible as the index of the vertical being in the philosophy of M. Merleau-Ponty
Halák, Jan ; Čapek, Jakub (advisor) ; Rodrigo, Pierre (referee) ; Fulka, Josef (referee)
RÉSUMÉ EN ANGLAIS / ENGLISH SUMMARY : The Simultaneity of the Incompossible as the Index of the Vertical Being in the Philosophy of M. Merleau-Ponty The principal field of investigation of this paper is the late philosophy of Maurice Merleau-Ponty in the form the author gave it in his lectures during the nineteen-fifties and in the project of The Visible and the Invisible. More accurately, the goal is to clarify the relationship between what this author calls "vertical" Being and the aspect of reciprocal exclusivity, or incompossibility, of the segments of the field through which we have access to it. This structural characteristic is studied principally on the levels of the perception, our relationships with the others, the language and other human institutions. First, the author of the paper elucidates what he think is the reference point of this ontological philosophy, that is to say the concept of visibility. By means of an interpretation of the three fundamental structures of the visibility, the visible, the invisible, and the vision (voyant), the author demonstrates the profound ontological unity of the element of the visibility. The concept of the "institution" (Stiftung, institution) is then introduced to demonstrate how the field of the visibility is internally organized in a manner that surpasses...
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The Multiplicity of Being: The Ontology of Alain Badiou
Pivoda, Tomáš ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kouba, Petr (referee) ; Pechar, Jiří (referee)
Tomáš Pivoda, The Multiplicity of Being: The Ontology of Alain Badiou PhD thesis Abstract The thesis introduces for the first time in the Czech philosophical context the ontology of the French philosopher Alain Badiou, as he set it out in his fundamental work Being and Event (L'être et l'événement, 1988). It first presents the starting point of Badiou's philosophy as well as the reasons of his identification of ontology with the set theory, and it points out Badiou's importance for contemporary philosophy, especially for the so called speculative realism around Quentin Meillassoux. The main axis of the exposition is then built around Badiou's four fundamental "Ideas": the multiplicity, the event, the truths and the subject, in connection with which it is shown how Badiou constructs his conceptual apparatus out of individual axioms of the set theory, whereby he follows the basic formal definition of multiplicity based on the operator . In connection with∈ the first Idea of multiplicity, the thesis exposes - with references to Martin Heidegger and Plato - Badiou's conceptual transposition of the couple one/multiple on the couple existence/being and defines the fundamental concepts of his ontology - the situation, the presentation, the representation and the void, with the help of which Badiou interprets...
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Methodology and problems of data transformation and determine its importance in the integration of heterogeneous information sources
Bartoš, Ivan ; Papík, Richard (advisor) ; Dvořák, Jan (referee) ; Bureš, Miroslav (referee)
Methodology and issues of data transformation and its information value estimation during the integration of the heterogenous information sources PhDr. Ivan BARTOŠ Abstract This study focuses mainly on the data and information transformation issue. This topic is currently critical in several scientific and commercial areas. Information value, information quality and the quality of the source data differs between the various systems. This is not only due to the different topologies of the information sources but also because of its different understanding and a manner of storing the information describing the entity of the enterprise. Such information systems, respectively database systems in the scope of the thesis, could perform well as the stand alone systems. The issue appears in the moment when such heterogeneous systems are required to be integrated and the information shall be migrated between each other. The thesis is logically divided into four major parts based on these issues. The first part describes the methods that can be used to classify the data quality of the source system (the one to be integrated) from which the information can be extracted. Based on assumption of the common lack of project and system documentation hereby introduced methods can be used for such qualification even when the...
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Semantic annotations
Dědek, Jan ; Vojtáš, Peter (advisor) ; Maynard, Diana (referee) ; Železný, Filip (referee)
Four relatively separate topics are presented in the thesis. Each topic represents one particular aspect of the Information Extraction discipline. The first two topics are focused on our information extraction methods based on deep language parsing. The first topic relates to how deep language parsing was used in our extraction method in combination with manually designed extraction rules. The second topic deals with a method for automated induction of extraction rules using Inductive Logic Programming. The third topic of the thesis combines information extraction with rule based reasoning. The core of our extraction method was experimentally reimplemented using semantic web technologies, which allows saving the extraction rules in so called shareable extraction ontologies that are not dependent on the original extraction tool. The last topic of the thesis deals with document classification and fuzzy logic. We are investigating the possibility of using information obtained by information extraction techniques to document classification. Our implementation of so called Fuzzy ILP Classifier was experimentally used for the purpose of document classification.
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Philosophical problems in Zdenek Neubauer`s works
Špaček, Michal ; Blažková, Miloslava (advisor) ; Pelcová, Naděžda (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on the possibility of cognition and roles of philosophy and science as basic forms of knowledge. It is not an analysis of Neubauer's work, but rather an interpretation of its specific parts. The work offers insights into the post-modern treatment of knowledge as it appears in the essays published in the collections Přímluvce postmoderny (An Intercessor of Postmodernity) and O Sněhurce aneb cesta za smyslem bytí a poznání (Of Snowhite, or The Quest for the Meaning of Existence and Cognition). The work describes and amends Neubauer's recognition of the world. It also shows Neubauer's perspective on the imagination, not only as a part of cognition, but also its influence on the development of human society. Besides canceling the monopoly of Science to truthful cognition, it is also guilty of making assumptions about the future, that will almost certainly prove incorrect. The most important part of the work is the question of equality between the perception of social sciences when compared to the perception of exact sciences, and while that question has not been fully answered, already just asking such questions can be useful.
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Name as the premise of philosophy. Panhuman roots of knowledge in a thought of P. Florensky.
Yudina, Maria ; Lášek, Jan Blahoslav (advisor) ; Nykl, Hanuš (referee)
This graduation thesis deals with the interpretation of the nature of word and name found in the works of P. Florensky (1882-1937), the Russian philosopher, scientist and poet. The question of word, name and symbol was crucial for P.Florensky and all his works as well as for other important authors of the so called Russian religious and philosophical Renaissance, especially for V. F. Ern, S. N. Bulgakov and A. F. Losev. According to Florensky real cognition can only be achieved by means of word and symbol. To this issue Florensky also linked the question of correlation between a word and a thing, a man and a word, sacral terminology/denomination etc. Thus focus on the nature of word is vital for understanding P.Florensky's philosophy. The goal of this thesis is to outline the basic features of philosophic and theological understanding of name and word in Pavel Florensky's works, and also to define his cognition theory which is based on this way of thinking.
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Individuality in Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit
Hanovská, Lenka ; Benyovszky, Ladislav (advisor) ; Novotný, Jaroslav (referee)
Lenka Hanovská, Motiv individuality ve Fenomenologii ducha G. W. F. Hegela. Praha 2010. Abstract The work focus on the notion of individuality in Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit. It's aim is to understand the question: "what does it mean to be individual being?" from the point of view of traditional thinker who is considered to stand on the top of traditional philosophical thinking. In the work I interpret the most important passages of Phenomenology. I point out that to the individuality we can look only as on a single example of subjectivity. Every specific quality and determination of individuality come from outside, individuality is determinated by the common reason and the society where she lives. Individuality in Hegel doesn't mean some sort of special beeing, concrete life (which search modern philosophy of 20th century) but it means only occurence of something "eternal", the consciousness.
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