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Architecture and sightless
Luciaková, Katarína ; Petelen, Ivan (referee) ; Žalmanová, Petra (referee) ; Ing.Petr Karásek (referee) ; Šindlar, Jiljí (advisor)
This thesis explores the relationship between architecture and the blind people. For better clarity and understanding of the topic, The work has been divided into five distinctive parts. In the first, introduction part, I approach space sensation of a blind person from the physiological and psychological angle. This analysis is very important for the understanding of imagination, which the blind person has. Another important fact to understand is the way in which the blind person gets the information about the space and what is his ability to process it. Further, I explain the basic principles of the blind person’s movement through space and describe instructions of how to help blind people in the concrete spatial situations. In the next part, I give a short information about the historical progress of the relation between the society and the blind people. An important fact is that, as late as 200 years ago, the blind people were considered as “sub men” and did not have the full freedom privilege. This relation has been modified over time and nowadays, the blind people have the freedom of movement and all the rights to enjoy their lives. To meet the needs of the blind people, many associations have been created that act on their behalf. The associations have different modes of functioning, but their common goal is to help blind people with their social rehabilitation, looking for employment and removing architectural barriers. The core of my work is divided into two parts. In the first one, I focus on the problematic of the blind people and architecture from the functional aspect. The functional aspect is vital for the blind people. It corresponds to their safety in the environment. In this chapter, I treat in detail basic elements for designing buildings, for specifying barriers and principles of design for blind people. Furthermore, I describe the help tools the blind people need in order to move in the space. I evaluate the future of these tools and indicate the rapid technological progression which makes the life of blind people more comfortable. In the next part, I focus on the problematic of the blind people and architecture from the aesthetic aspect. This question has not been much explored yet, but is, nonetheless, very important. In this part of my work, I use more my personal experience and the knowledge coming from the exploration of space. Aesthetical values are subjective for all the people, with or without a handicap. Therefore, in this final chapter, I try to note the facts that can be used in the process of the aesthetical perception and to reflect on them. In the domain of aesthetical research, there also exist tools and institutions that help blind people in their comprehension of architecture. The division of my work emerged from the compilation of diverse facts in the process of writing. This thesis has an informative and practical character. It is intended for people who want to understand and to be informed about how to design architecture for the blind people. It will be directed towards people who build this kind of architecture and need an overview of how to make it. It is also intended for people interested in learning more about architecture.
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Understanding sentences in Czech children at risk for dyslexia and SLI
Bláhová, Veronika ; Kucharská, Anna (advisor) ; Špačková, Klára (referee)
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the level of comprehension of czech sentences with a different syntactic complexity in children with specific language impairment (SLI) and children at family risk for dyslexia (experimental groups) compared to typically developing peers (control group). Statistically significant differences were proven both between the SLI group and the family risk group and between the SLI group and control group. The assumed descending tendency of achievement in the test blocks was not substantiated.
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Reading Comprehension of Non-native Czech Language Speakers
Lundáková, Kateřina ; Hrdlička, Milan (advisor) ; Šebesta, Karel (referee)
(in English) This thesis discusses the methodology of teaching reading comprehension and using text in the process of teaching Czech for foreigners. It is aimed at developing an approach to teaching reading skills in language classes on the basis of contemporary literature on the subject and in offering structured exercises for utililizing this approach. The theoretical section of this thesis offers a complex analysis of the topic, approaches to evaluating text and developing reading competence in the process of teaching. The practical chapter Cvičení a aktivity (Exercises and Activities) illustrates, through example exercises and activities, how to teach particular aspects of reading competence on the basis of types of reading and reading strategies described in the theoretical and methodological framework of the thesis.
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Reading Strategies in Preschool Education
Koželuhová, Eva
The aim of the thesis was to clarify how nursery teachers develop children's comprehension of the text read aloud and how they evaluate the possibility of using reading strategies to support children's comprehension during reading. In the theoretical part, I focused on defining the concept of reading literacy and pre-literacy, approaching the concept of the development of reading pre-literacy in the Czech Republic and clarifying the concept of comprehension of the text. Subsequently, I dealt with the issue of reading strategies and introduced those that are suitable for use in preschool age. In the empirical part, I used the qualitative approach of a multi-case study, which involved eight kindergarten teachers. Through in-depth interviews, repeated observation of the teachers' work with the text and subsequent analysis of video recordings of this work, answers to research questions were sought. It has been shown that teachers intend to develop children's comprehension, but only on a literal level, their work with texts is intuitive, without setting specific goals and monitoring the degree of their achievement. It turned out that reading strategies require a willingness of the teacher to work with them regularly and purposefully and to prepare for reading, which does not correspond to the prevailing...
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Reading of adolescents with specific learning disabilities
Břečková Chalupová, Eva
The thesis investigates reading problems among adolescents with specific learning disabilities. The theoretical part of the paper outlines theoretical fundamentals of reading problems, different approaches to specific learning disabilities, reading particularities and reading related skills among adolescents and adults. The research part of the paper comprises the analysis and interpretation of data obtained via a comparison of the reading performance of students with specific disabilities and the performance of intact student population. The main goal of the thesis is to detect basic reading characteristics among adolescents with specific learning disabilities.
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Reading Strategies in Preschool Education
Koželuhová, Eva ; Wildová, Radka (advisor) ; Maňourová, Zuzana (referee) ; Šmelová, Eva (referee)
The aim of the thesis was to clarify how nursery teachers develop children's comprehension of the text read aloud and how they evaluate the possibility of using reading strategies to support children's comprehension during reading. In the theoretical part, I focused on defining the concept of reading literacy and pre-literacy, approaching the concept of the development of reading pre-literacy in the Czech Republic and clarifying the concept of comprehension of the text. Subsequently, I dealt with the issue of reading strategies and introduced those that are suitable for use in preschool age. In the empirical part, I used the qualitative approach of a multi-case study, which involved eight kindergarten teachers. Through in-depth interviews, repeated observation of the teachers' work with the text and subsequent analysis of video recordings of this work, answers to research questions were sought. It has been shown that teachers intend to develop children's comprehension, but only on a literal level, their work with texts is intuitive, without setting specific goals and monitoring the degree of their achievement. It turned out that reading strategies require a willingness of the teacher to work with them regularly and purposefully and to prepare for reading, which does not correspond to the prevailing...
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Reading of adolescents with specific learning disabilities
Břečková Chalupová, Eva
The thesis investigates reading problems among adolescents with specific learning disabilities. The theoretical part of the paper outlines theoretical fundamentals of reading problems, different approaches to specific learning disabilities, reading particularities and reading related skills among adolescents and adults. The research part of the paper comprises the analysis and interpretation of data obtained via a comparison of the reading performance of students with specific disabilities and the performance of intact student population. The main goal of the thesis is to detect basic reading characteristics among adolescents with specific learning disabilities.
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