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Proper handling of infant nutrition in hospital facilities
Čadová, Nikol ; Průšová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Nikodemová, Hana (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with issues related to the manipulation of infant nutrition in healthcare facilities. The theoretical part of this work deals with breast milk, infant formula and its specifics, administration of infant diet, as well as manipulation of infant nutrition in pediatric wards and in the dairy kitchen. The aim of the empirical part of this work was to verify the knowledge of nurses through a research survey and to identify possible differences in the manipulation of infant nutrition in different workplaces. A quantitative research method was chosen to obtain data using a self- constructed questionnaire containing 26 questions. Out of the original 130 distributed questionnaires, a total of 74 were analysed, with 3 excluded due to incompleteness, resulting in a response rate of 59.2%. The results of the research survey showed that the knowledge and practices of nurses in manipulating infant nutrition are not uniform. The most significant statistically significant difference in respondents' answers was related to the workplace where they are employed. No statistically significant difference was found in respondents' answers in relation to their education. In conclusion, it is necessary to mention that the research survey revealed some shortcomings in respondents' knowledge and...
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Healthy nutrition in school-age children
Kozáková, Kateřina ; Nikodemová, Hana (advisor) ; Neugebauer, Jan (referee)
The bachelor's thesis on "Healthy nutrition in school-age children" focuses on the eating habits of children at younger and older school age. The aim of the thesis was to find out and map how children of younger and older school age eat and what their eating habits are. In the theoretical part of the thesis, attention is paid to healthy nutrition and healthy lifestyles, and emphasis is placed on the eating habits of children of different ages, with a division into younger school age and older school age. In the empirical part, the objectives, working hypotheses, methodology and organization of the investigation are presented. The results of the actual investigation are presented, followed by comparisons with the results of other studies. The research method was a self-constructed questionnaire distributed to general practitioners for children and adolescents in the Central Bohemia Region and Prague. 81 questionnaires were included in the survey. The results of the self-administered survey were very satisfactory. As an example, 74.07 % of the respondents stated that their children were used to eating breakfast. Another satisfactory result may be that 84 % of the respondents said that their children drink before going to school. The results of the actual survey which are not so satisfactory may be,...
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The impact of breast cancer on the patient's activities of daily living
Trnková, Anežka ; Nikodemová, Hana (advisor) ; Klokočková, Šárka (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the topic of breast cancer and its impact on the lives of women affected by this disease. The theoretical part of the thesis focuses on a detailed description of the anatomy of the breast, risk factors associated with the occurrence of breast cancer, preventive measures, diagnostic methods, various forms of treatment and its possible side effects. In the empirical part of this thesis the results of the questionnaire survey are described, the data are statistically processed and the results of the survey are compared with the results of previously conducted studies. The methodology of this investigation included the development of questionnaires, the structure of which was previously consulted with the thesis supervisor and an expert in the field of oncogynecology. The data collection based on the questionnaire developed by me took place at the Oncology Clinic of the University Hospital in Motol and 46 respondents were included in the research population. The aim of this work was to analyze the impact of breast cancer on the normal daily activities and general life of patients, including physical, psychological and social aspects that are associated with this diagnosed disease. Results: individual responses to each question were described in detail and supplemented...
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Nutritional intake of macroelements in lactating women.
Doubková, Zuzana ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
The thesis deals with the issue of nutrition in lactating women. The main objective of this work is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the nutritional intake of Czech women during lactation, focusing on the intake of selected minerals, specifically sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus. Subsequently, the obtained results will be compared with the recommended daily intake of these macroelements. The results are based on the nutritional intake of six monitored women, from whom values were provided for all lactation periods L1 to L4 during the period from February 2022 to February 2023. For a larger dataset, the values of two additional women were included in the research, from whom values were obtained for periods L1 to L3. Further details of this limitation are provided in the relevant chapter 7.1.7. Limitation of the study. Women recorded their diets in questionnaire form, always a week before visiting the physiological laboratory of Professor PharmDr. Miloslav Hronek Ph.D. In the questionnaire, they recorded meals, foods, fluids, and their intake amounts. The gathered information was further processed using the NutriDan program and statistically evaluated in the Microsoft Excel program. A key finding of the study is an excessive intake of sodium, approximately 1000 mg of sodium...
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Nutrition and sport of a selected group of women during pregnancy
Čapková, Barbora ; Váchová, Alena (advisor) ; Kovaříková, Miroslava (referee)
This bachelor's thesis focuses on nutrition and exercise during pregnancy in a selected group of women. The main aim of this study is to determine whether dietary habits have changed among pregnant women and in what manner. Additionally, it seeks to find out whether pregnant women continue with their physical activity/sport routines from before conception. The presented thesis comprises two main parts: the theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is divided into two major subchapters. The first subchapter concerns nutrition during pregnancy, detailing specific aspects such as suitable and unsuitable diets, appropriate dietary supplementations, intake of fruits and vegetables, and adequate hydration, which pregnant women often overlook. Following this is the second subchapter, which addresses exercise during pregnancy. Topics include the significance of physical activity during pregnancy, suitable and unsuitable physical activities/sports during gravidity, physical activity across trimesters, and the impact of physical activity on the mental well-being of pregnant women. In the practical part of the bachelor's thesis, the preparation, execution, and results of a questionnaire survey are described. The research segment examines the awareness and knowledge of pregnant women regarding proper...
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The effect of the circadian rhythm on the work of a paramedic
ŠEDIVÝ, Martin
The topic of the bachelor's thesis is "The effect of the circadian rhythm on the work of a paramedic". Most rescuers may not even realize the great sacrifice they make by performing this demanding profession. This is a very respectable job, which is burdened with a huge amount of stress and a demanding work schedule. The combination of these two unfavorable factors may have a negative impact on the health of rescuers over a longer period of time. The theoretical part deals with the explanation of the term circadian rhythm, sleep and its structure, nutrition, physical activities, blue light, caffeine, health complications that are the result of a disturbed circadian rhythm and the effect of circadian rhythmicity on work efficiency. The research part was implemented using semi-structured interviews, and 12 informants who are employed at the South Bohemian Region Medical Rescue Service in the position of paramedic were included in the research investigation. Each informant was asked the same questions, which were then evaluated using the coding technique and were divided into several categories and subcategories. The main topics for responding the objective of the work were health complications of shift work, adaptation to shift work, principles of proper nutrition and sleeping habits. Research has shown that the circadian rhythm affects the work of a paramedic, but it is very individual and affects each paramedic in a different way. Alternating irregular shifts are difficult to get used to, and working at night is not ideal from a physiological point of view. Most of the rescuers confirmed to us that they had a lower work performance and a longer reaction time during the night hours. Furthermore, night shifts have a negative effect on the health of workers, and health complications may occur years later, which may not allow rescuers to continue to perform their work as well as before.
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Problematika školního stravování
KARÁSKOVÁ, Michaela
The topic of the bachelor thesis is school catering. The thesis has two goals, one is to analyze the nutritional quality of school lunches on the basis of the consumption basket and the second is to analyze the variety and nutritional composition of school lunches for younger and older school-age children. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part, the principles of good nutrition for children are described, namely the food pyramid, the individual components of the diet such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, fibre, vitamins, minerals and the related drinking regime. It also describes school catering, its history and the consumption basket, specifically its standards and the food groups it includes. The practical part deals with the analysis of the consumption basket in two primary schools, and details how the selected categories are present in the nutritional recommendations for the consumption basket. Following this, the practical part evaluates the five day diet of 8 respondents, two of younger and two of older school age from each school. The research shows that the school menus are very different from each other, each school having different meals, different culinary arrangements and variety. One of the schools is not very successful in applying the nutritional recommendations of the consumption basket, the other school is doing very well. Although some aspects have not been followed, the result is still very surprising, mainly because of the interesting choice of food that the second dining room provides. Unfortunately, children are not coming to lunch more and more. As far as the children's eating habits are concerned, vegetables, fruit and dairy products are often missing from the menus. There is a higher prevalence of foods with higher or added sugar content, which are not suitable in large quantities. Meals miss variety and imagination.
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Nutrition as one tool in obesity therapy.
JEŘÁBKOVÁ, Simona
The topic of this thesis is "Nutrition as one of the tools in obesity therapy". Obesity reduces the quality of life and shortens its duration. It is therefore important to pay attention to its prevention and treatment.The first aim of the bachelor thesis was to chart the dietary changes of obese subjects in the context of nutritional intervention. The second aim was to determine the weight change of obese subjects under nutritional intervention. The research was carried out using a qualitative method using a nutritional intervention and by analyzing the diet plans from the selected respondents. The diets were calculated using Nutriservis application. The study population consisted of 8 obese respondents with a BMI of 30+ kg/m2, of whom 3 were males and 5 females in the age range of 33-62 years.The obtained data shows that most respondents have changed their eating habits, except for 2 respondents. Five respondents managed to reduce body weight, mostly adipose tissue, because of dietary change. The remaining 3 respondents failed to reduce body weight, but instead experienced weight gain, as 2 respondents did not change their dietary habits and 1 respondent was an exception due to unhealthy low energy intake. Incorrect eating habits before the nutritional intervention were present in all respondents. The biggest problem was irregular and high energy intake in the form of high fat and simple carbohydrates. The respondents were mostly deficient in protein and fiber in their diet. The diets contained no whole grains, fish, legumes, or fresh vegetables. Processed food sweetened full-fat dairy products, and sweetened fizzy drinks, tea or coffee featured heavily in the diets. The biggest dietary changes after the nutrition intervention were an increase in protein, whole grains, and a reduction in sweetened dairy products and sweets. There was a substitution of full-fat dairy products for low-fat options and an increase in unsweetened drinks. All respondents took away from the nutrition intervention new knowledge about nutrition and the principles of good nutrition. Successful respondents who were able to reduce their body weight promoted their health and reduced obesity-related health complications.
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