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Proportionality of a four-year ineligibility for the first intentional anti-doping rule violations and its impact on professional athletes' careers
Plevková, Tereza ; Exner, Jan (advisor) ; Štědroň, Bohumír (referee)
Title: Proportionality of a four-year ineligibility for the first intentional anti-doping rule violations and its impact on professional athletes' careers Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to ascertain whether the four-year ineligibility for the first intentional anti-doping rule violations has liquidation impact on professional athletes' careers. Methods: For quantitative research, I have used the electronic interrogation method and for qualitative research the in-depth semi-structured interview. Results: I have found that most athletes really do perceive a four-year ineligibility for the first intentional anti-doping rule violations as disproportionate. Only 24 % of surveyed athletes said that a four-year ineligibility is an appropriate punishment. 82 % of surveyed athletes would end their careers after receiving a four-year ineligibility, and just 30 % of them think that It's realistic to go back to an active career after a four-year break. Moreover, athletes have consistently said that the most crucial obstacles to their return are financial distress, loss of motivation and lack of racing mode. On the basis of these results, I have also developed my own solution to ineligibility for the first intentional anti-doping rule violations. Keywords: proportionality, sanction, ineligibility,...
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The constitutional court as a negative legislator: Restriction of constitutionally guaranteed rights for the purposes of environmental protection
Knobová, Michaela ; Žákovská, Karolina (advisor) ; Stejskal, Vojtěch (referee)
The Constitutional Court as a negative legislator: Restriction of constitutionally guaranteed rights for the purposes of environmental protection Abstract This thesis examines how the Czech Constitutional Court deals with proposals to repeal laws or statutory provisions that restrict constitutional rights or other constitutional provisions concerning environmental protection. Specifically, it examines how the Court deals with conflicts between constitutional rights concerning environmental protection and other constitutional laws pertaining to the environment and/or the public interest in protecting the environment. In addition to the analysis of the decision-making practice of the Constitutional Court, the thesis deals with the anchoring of environmental protection in constitutional documents and in the Czech Constitution - both in the preambls of the Constitution and the Charter, where the environmental protection is embodied in individual rights and the state's duty to protect the environment, including those provisions where environmental or nature protection is explicitly enshrined as a possible grounds for restriction of another constitutional right. The thesis briefly describes the role of the Constitutional Court as a negative legislator, ie its power to repeal laws or individual statutory...
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Relocation as a solution to the EU migration crisis
Škapová, Lucie ; Scheu, Harald Christian (advisor) ; Svobodová, Magdaléna (referee)
1 Relocation as a Solution to the EU Migration Crisis Abstract Asylum law has traditionally been perceived as a sensitive area of state policy. For this very reason, for a long time, it was mostly excluded from the process of European integration. However, the development of the internal market and the removal of internal borders have ultimately necessitated some degree of harmonisation of asylum and migration policies amongst the Member States. Consequently, there have been several major increases in EU competence in the field of asylum and migration since the 1990s. This has eventually led to the creation of the Common European Asylum System (CEAS). Yet, a prolonged lack of political will to introduce a major reform of the CEAS and to duly implement the principle of solidarity has over the years resulted in serious systemic deficiencies. These defects, in particular the uneven distribution of responsibility between the Member States, have fully shown during the EU migration crisis. This far-reaching crisis has translated into several ad hoc solutions, including the use of an emergency EU competence to adopt temporary measures under Art. 78(3) SFEU (ex Art. 64(2) TEC), which had not been used until then. The adoption of two Council relocation decisions in September 2015 has raised numerous legal questions...
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The growth of Czech patients with achondroplasia and the possibilities of predicting the growth of individual body segments
Anýžová, Tereza ; Zemková, Daniela (advisor) ; Moslerová, Veronika (referee)
Introduction: Achondroplasia is the most common bone dysplasia. It is caused by mutations in the FGFR3 gene, which is involved in regulation of proliferation and maturation of chondrocytes on the growth plates. Activating mutation results in impaired endochondral ossification and a wide range of symptoms: severe growth disorder with limb shortening, macrocephaly with risk of hydrocephalus, mid-facial dysplasia, sleep apnea, narrowing of the spinal canal, increased risk of respiratory complications, and airway inflammation. The current rapid technological development has led to a better understanding of the processes of epiphyseal growth cartilage, thus enabling the development of new drugs for the treatment of this disorder (modified CNP, soluble FGFR3, meclozine). Nevertheless, current treatment is primarily symptomatic. It is very important to have a growth patterns of patients with achondroplasia who have not been affected by any growth promoting treatment (prolongation surgery, growth hormone). Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the growth of Czech patients with achondroplasia, to compare our data with the world-wide used data by Horton et al. (1978) and the current data by del Pino et al. (2018). The next aim was to verify the accuracy of the multiplier method of final height...
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Growth and Proportional Changes in Chidren at Grammar Schools
Zeťková, Marie ; Vančata, Václav (advisor) ; Ehler, Edvard (referee)
This diploma thesis describes an anthropological survey of pupils in the 8th and 9th grades of certain primary schools in the Zlin Region (Czech Republic), pertaining to which the data thus obtained were subsequently processed and evaluated. The aim of the work was to analyse proportional changes and the biological maturity exhibited by the members of the probands through KEI, based on empirical data, in addition to determining the given somatotype according to the method of Heath & Carter (1967). ANTROPO 2000.2 software was utilized for processing the data. The findings of said research are compared with the data reported by the National Anthropological Survey (Czech Republic, 2001).
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The proportionality principle and the deprivation of liberty of a foreigner in administrative law
Holubkovová, Hana ; Kryska, David (advisor) ; Pítrová, Lenka (referee)
The proportionality principle and the deprivation of liberty of a foreigner in administrative law This thesis concerns the proportionality of the deprivation of liberty of the foreigner in Czech Republic. It only covers those types of deprivation of liberty that are specifically applied on foreigners and that are covered by the administrative law. In the first chapter this thesis defines legal concepts of a personal freedom and a proportionality principle. The second chapter covers the level of the international law, namely the article 5 of the European Convention of Human Rights, define legal conditions that a deprivation of liberty must meet and offers a relevant judicature of the European Court of Human Rights. The third chapter covers a deprivation of liberty from a view of the Return Directive (No. 2008/115/EC), the Reception Conditions Directive (No. 2013/33/EU) and the Dublin Regulation (No. 604/2013) and offers judicature of the Court of Justice of the European Union. The fourth chapter comprehends the Czech law and covers three acts, that enable a deprivation of liberty of a foreigner - the Act on the Police of the Czech Republic No. 273/2008 Coll., the Asylum Act No. 325/1999 Coll. and the on the Residence of the Foreign Nationals in the Czech Republic No. 326/1999 Coll. This chapter also...
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Adaptation of the parliaments of the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia to the Early Warning Mechanism on European legislation
Holakovská, Zuzana ; Knutelská, Viera (advisor) ; Černoch, Jakub (referee)
UNIVERZITA KARLOVA V PRAZE FAKULTA SOCIÁLNÍCH VĚD Institut politologických studií Zuzana Holakovská Adaption of the parliaments of the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia to the Early Warning Mechanism on European legislation Abstract Praha 2015 Abstract The Early warning mechanism (EWM) is considered to be one of the biggest contributions of the Lisbon Treaty to the democratisation of the European Union. This thesis provides empirical findings in the field of the usage of the EWM. In particular it focuses on the adaption of the Czech, Slovak, and Polish parliaments to the EWM and analyses whether the understanding of the principle of subsidiarity by the respective chambers influences their activity in the EWM. This thesis combines a broad range of data sources including: firstly, primary sources such as official documents, reasoned opinions available from relevant databases (IPEX) and a questionnaire filled out by the parliamentary staff; secondly, secondary sources such as previous research in the field, and lastly direct observations. This study concludes that subsidiarity control is understood by the national parliaments as a tool to defend their legislative prerogatives. Furthermore it suggests that the inclusion of references to the principle of proportionality in the reasoned opinions increases the...
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The First Czechoslovak Republic from the Point of View of the Theory of Consociational Democracy
Palkosková, Lucie ; Gelnarová, Jitka (advisor) ; Novák, Miroslav (referee)
Bachelor thesis "The First Czechoslovak Republic from the Point of View of the Theory of Consociational democracy" applies the theory of consociational democracy to the first Czechoslovak Republic. This work describes a form of consociational democracy, as was defined by Arend Lijphart in 60 years. There are presented the operating conditions of the theory and its main features. Then, these characteristics - grand coalition, proportionality, segmental autonomy and mutual veto - are applied to the case of the first Czechoslovak Republic. The work tries to answer whether during the brief existence of the Czechoslovak Republic were filled with four basic conditions of the theory of consociational democracy. Based on an analysis of the political system in Czechoslovakia and analysis of national, economic and social problems, it was found that the first Czechoslovak Republic partially fulfills two conditions of consociational democracy (grand coalition and proportionality), but the remaining two conditions (segmental autonomy and mutual veto) do not at all.
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Electoral systems and mathematics
MATIKO, Natalija
In the first part of thesis I focus on defining the concept of the electoral system. I describe the basic division and classification. Next part gives quantitative research about the effects of electoral systems using Duvergian Agenda and proportionality. In the last part I create a worksheet. I point out the changes in the number of mandates in the using of another electoral divisor than is usual in the Czech Republic. I work with the results of the elections to the Chamber of Deputies Czech Republic, which was passed in year 2013.
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A comparative study: Electoral systems of the Baltic states
Čavojec, Jakub ; Lebeda, Tomáš (advisor) ; Lacina, Tomáš (referee)
The goal of this thesis was to compare the effects of the electoral systems of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania on the outcome of elections and on the representation of political parties in the parliament. Described was also the evolution of the electoral systems of each country since gaining independence. It was determined that the Estonian electoral system produces the most proportional outcomes. The threshold between overrepresentation and underrepresentation of the political parties in the parliament was determined. The estonian party system was declared the most stable. By calculating the value of the natural thresholds, it was not possible to determine in which country do the political parties have an easier access to their first mandate.
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