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An Effort to gain the first hegemony vs. the dissemination of the fragmentation of the power after the Cold War
Štaif, Vít ; Voráček, Emil (advisor) ; Eichler, Jan (referee) ; Anděl, Petr (referee)
An Abstract The text focuses on the aim of the state politics to gain the position of the first global hegemony after the end of the Cold War. It observes, with the regard to the wide-ranging influence of the USA at that time, and to the important American visions about its character, especially their particular decisions. It tries to describe the way, which the other influential participants of the global politics, the states as well as those of other kind, used to express their reactions to this activity, and their relation to the USA, the strongest contender in the effort to acquire the first global hegemony. The power contest is here mainly introduced by the insight into the course of the conflicts, which they, after the end of the Cold War, faced and influenced. The text concentrates on those political and security challenges with, apart from the policies of the USA, the strong presence of the intervention of the international organizations, above all the UN, the NATO and the EU, or of the occassionally created alliances. The prospects of hegemonial possibilities is presented in the conclusion.
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Korene a súčasnosť radikálneho islamizmu v západnom Saheli
Bankóová, Valéria ; Kropáček, Luboš (advisor) ; Beránek, Ondřej (referee)
In recent years, Nigeria has seen an upsurge of radical Islamism in its north-east. The insurrection instigated by the violent Islamist sect, Boko Haram, received considerable media and political attention around the globe. Its origins and motives are, however, not fully understood and often misinterpreted. This thesis therefore looks at the phenomenon of religiously motivated violence in northern Nigeria from a diachronic perspective. It endeavours to shed some light on the current situation and tendencies by pointing out how they are linked to previous development and how they draw upon former movements. It also attempts to identify some recurring patterns in the ideology and motivations of respective violent Islamist groups that have marked Nigerian history. In the first section of the thesis, the Fulani jihad of the Shehu Usman dan Fodio is addressed, followed by an overview of the Izala movement of Abubakar Gumi, the Shiite movement of Ibrahim El-Zakzaky, and the Maitatsine revolts in Kano and its surroundings. The thesis concludes with an analysis of the origins, development, and motives of Boko Haram, in the light of previously discussed violent religious movements.
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The connectivity of an American invasion to Iraq in 2003 in relation to the current spread of the Islamic State in the Middle East region
Vejvodová, Nela ; Bečka, Jan (advisor) ; Raška, Francis (referee)
Islamic radicalism is currently one of the most debated topics worldwide. We got into a new era, which started at the beginning of the century by attack on World Trade Center in 2001 - later President Bush declared war on global terrorism. Organization of the Islamic State is a new form of radicalism, beyond both his cruelty, and even the number of foreign fighters who have joined them. It poses a huge threat to the fragile stability in the region and, by extension, in Europe. In the first part of my thesis entitled "The connectivity of an American invasion to Iraq in 2003 in relation to the current spread of the Islamic State in the Middle East region" I'm dealing with the US invasion of Iraq and in the second part I'm describing the emergence of the terrorist organization al-Qaeda, the Islamic State afterwards. In the third section I'm analyzing the various factors and specific events that, in result, provide an answer to the question whether the invasion of Allied troops under the command of Americans is the only cause of the current crisis in Iraq, by extension, the entire Middle East region.
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Salafi da'wa: missionary methods of german movement Salajifa on the example of campaign "Lies!"
Křížková, Hana ; Kunštát, Miroslav (advisor) ; Matějka, Ondřej (referee)
An increasing number of supporters of Salafi Islam in Germany has recently been a much discussed topic. The German Salafist movement is a radical branch of Islam, which is characterized by a fundamentalist way of life according to a literal interpretation of the Koran. To the German public, this movement is known mainly for its major propaganda activities. In Germany this movement has grown in popularity within a short time and now holds a special position. Salafists have earned acclaim for their numerous activities, such as "Islamic seminaries" or their significant Internet propaganda. The activities of the movement are viewed with concern not only by the media, the political scene and the German public, but also by the German secret service. In particular the German intelligence service is currently struggling with the problem of the growing number of supporters of an Islamic state and their departure to Syria and Iraq. The question of preventing this radicalization, especially of young German Muslims, remains in many respects still unanswered. Since Salafiyya is a movement that is primarily focused on the German image of Islam, and therefore on missionary activities aimed at the German public. There are many German converts, who operate in Salafi structures. Unlike the immigrant community these...
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Moroccan Religious Policy since 2003
Hrabalová, Lenka ; Ťupek, Pavel (advisor) ; Kropáček, Luboš (referee)
MOROCCO'S RELIGIOUS POLICY SINCE 2003 The year 2003 marks a beginning of a new era in moroccan religious policy, which aims at an unification of religious field in the kingdom and a fight against islamic radicalism. Moroccan king Mohammed VI. succeeded in management of both internal and external threats to his kingdom's stability in past twelve years and in a comparison with his counterparts he managed to emerge strengthened out of crisis of the first decade of a new millennium. Main topic of this essay is to map an effort to control moroccan religious scene by state and its achievements and failures.
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Middle Eastern Conflict in the French Public Space (2000-2010)
Nekvapil, Václav ; Barša, Pavel (advisor) ; Perottino, Michel (referee) ; Maslowski, Nicolas (referee)
of Ph.D. thesis: Middle Eastern Conflict in the French Public Space (2000-2010) Václav Nekvapil, 2013 The main objective of the thesis is to analyse and typologise French social discourse on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict based on a reflection of certain opinions, interests, stances and values associated with today's Jewishness and Jewish diasporic identity. The research also contains an analysis of the official political-diplomatic discourse of both Presidents Jacques Chirac and Nicolas Sarkozy. Based on the methodology of typologisation and critical discourse analysis, we distinguish three basic positions related to the debate on the abovementioned topics in the years 2000- 2010: republican, anti-imperialist and neoconservative. The thesis elaborates on attitudes of presidents of the French Fifth Republic towards Israel and how their policies have been perceived by the Jewish community. The community as such is also a matter of the research: its changing religiosity, demography, immigration of Nord African Jewry and the attitude towards Zionism and the State of Israel. The thesis follows four main thematic axes when analysing arguments of the most important speakers. First, when analysing the duty of memory (devoir de mémoire), the author carefully examines moral argumentation concerning the...
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The Transformation Process in Algeria (1988 - 1999)
Beránek, Zdeněk ; Gombár, Eduard (advisor) ; Mendel, Miloš (referee) ; Pirický, Gabriel (referee)
- Transformační proces v Alžírsku (1988-1999) Předkládaná práce analyzuje politické změny v Alžírsku po roce 1988, kdy byl po nepokojích v hlavním městě zahájen liberalizační proces a urychleny ekonomické tržní reformy. Politické reformy měly posílit postavení prezidenta Bendžedída a jeho spojenců na úkor konzervativních oponentů a zároveň obnovit legitimitu režimu. Autoři reforem každopádně nepočítali s výraznějším sdílením moci. Nečekaný úspěch islamistické strany mobilizoval konzervativce a protiislamisticky zaměřené armádní velení. Zrušení voleb kvůli jednoznačnému vítězství islamistů v lednu 1992 vedlo k eliminaci islamistické i sekulární opozice. Obnovený autoritářský režim dokázal dostat pod kontrolu islamistické povstání a s pomocí MMF i kritickou ekonomickou situaci. Návrat k ústavnímu režimu proběhl bez účasti islamistické i sekulární opozice, která byla fragmentovaná a režim ji dokázal částečně kontrolovat. Po roce 1996 byl nastolen autoritářský režim s omezenými pluralitními prvky s dominantním postavením prezidenta, které je však oslabováno výrazným vlivem armádního velení. Politické strany mohou působit, ale jejich vliv je omezen. Jisté limity má i svoboda tisku. Došlo k posílení soukromého sektoru, postavení státu je však stále výrazné a ekonomika je závislá na vývozu ropy a zemního...
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The Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt: The Ideological Development, Contemporary Positions, Prospects
Hladová, Magdaléna ; Kučera, Rudolf (advisor) ; Riegl, Martin (referee)
The diploma thesis explores the ideological development, contemptorary positions and political prospects of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood. It follows the movement's long evolution on the background of its relations with the successive regimes of Nasser, Sadat and Mubarak, examines its current discourse on "Islamic democracy" including its stated commitment to political pluralism, the principle of citizenship as well as the connected subject of women's and non-muslim's rights, analyses its attempt to formulate a party platform and discusses the Brothershood's prospects in the politically closed environment of the Egyptian authoritarian regime. Obvious discrepancies notwithstanding, author argues, that if any meaningful pro-democratic reform in the Arab world is supposed to occur, some ways to integrate moderate Islamists into the formal political realm must be found.
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The Image of Islam in the Czech Republic
Šnaiberg, Michal ; Kreisslová, Sandra (advisor) ; Martin, Martin (referee)
The focus of this masters thesis is on the phenomenon of stereotypical images of muslims and islam produced in the czech society. The effort is given to finding out these simplified images a indetifying factors leading to their creation. The solution of this problém is based on quantitaive research, which is used to identify possible dependencies in muslim and islam perception on different factors. All dependencies are statistically tested. The image of islam, as percieved by the majority in the Czech Republic, is then constructed based on questionnaire survey, statistical resuslts and media analysis.
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