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Development of Critical Thinking in Secondary School Chemistry Teaching
Horálek, Vlastimil ; Distler, Petr (advisor) ; Janoušková, Svatava (referee)
The diploma thesis, titled "Development of Critical Thinking in Secondary School Chemistry Teaching," presents a literary research about its key components. These include the definition of critical thinking, its significance, and a compilation of principles and methods dedicated to fostering its growth in teaching. While the definition of critical thinking is very broad, key areas include argumentation, higher-order thinking skills, and inquiry-based activities. Critical thinking is linked to both motivation and prior knowledge of a given subject, it is necessary to train it repeatedly. Based on the literary research, three comprehensive learning activities were created to facilitate the development of critical thinking within Chemistry teaching. These activities were tested in Chemistry lessons and were improved based on feedback received from the students. The finalized versions of these activities are a part of the diploma thesis. Key words critical thinking, Chemistry teaching, activating methods, argumentation
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Argumentation Skills of Lower Secondary School Students in the Field of Current Environmental Topics
Kube, Jan ; Vojíř, Karel (advisor) ; Svobodová, Silvie (referee)
Argumentative skills are essential for conducting an effective discussion both in professional and personal life. In schools, these skills should be developed as part of the development of the key competence of communication. A greater number of suitable topics for discussion are offered in each subject. The aim of this work was to map the ability to formulate arguments on current environmental topics among pupils of the second grade of primary school. More precisely, it was the topic of ecological projects and the topic of reducing emissions. For this purpose, a worksheet with two complex tasks was created, which was completed by a total of 262 pupils. Student arguments were evaluated in terms of frequency, ad rem validity, relevance to the given topic and factual correctness. Pupils' ability to formulate arguments turned out to be poorly developed, however, it was found that the year of study and the attitude have an effect on the ad rem validity, relevance and factual correctness, only the year has an effect on the number of arguments, no effect was shown for the attitude. In order for argumentation skills to develop, it is desirable that special attention be paid to them in teaching.
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Simulation of Negotiation and Argumentation Protocols
Říha, Michal ; Samek, Jan (referee) ; Zbořil, František (advisor)
This work deals with communication in multiagent systems. The protocols for negotiation and argumentation are shown, and model example of their usage is described. We describe hierarchical model of trust in contexts, that is used for representation of agent's believes. The argumentation protocol for those agents is designed, and is used for solving conflicts.
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Stylistic Analysis of Selected Interviews of Miloš Zeman Given to the Media
Hanušová, Ivona ; Holanová, Radka (advisor) ; Hájková, Eva (referee)
This thesis introduces an analysis of the selected interviews with the former president of the Czech Republic Miloš Zeman. Primarily it examines the stylistic devices and the use of persuasive techniques and stylistic elements within these interviews. The theoretical part introduces concepts such as journalistic style, dialogue, media dialogue, media image, persuasion, argumentation, and media discourse. The empirical section comprises a stylistic analysis of specific interviews. The objective of this thesis is to examine the persuasion within the analyzed texts. KEYWORDS dialogue, stylistic analysis, argumentation, Miloš Zeman, media dialogue, persuasio
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Pragmatics Aspects in Czech Language Textbooks for Elementary Schools
Michelčíková, Viktorie ; Chejnová, Pavla (advisor) ; Hájková, Eva (referee)
The topic of this thesis is communicative competence and pragmatic aspects in Czech language textbooks at elementary schools. Education aims to achieve six key competencies, including communicative competence. The thesis's theoretical part focuses on defining concepts such as pragmatics, gender, politeness, cooperative communication, dialogue, argumentation, and manipulation. In the practical part, the thesis analyses five third-year Czech language textbooks and examines to what extent pragmatic aspects are included in the textbooks. The research has shown that although pragmatic aspects are included in the textbooks, their level is not sufficient in most cases, and it is necessary to supplement these topics with additional supporting materials. The outcome of this work could be useful for Czech language teachers at the first level of primary schools who intend to focus on developing their pupils' communicative competence and improving their pragmatic communication skills. Keywords Argumentation, dialogue, gender, communicative competence, pragmatics, pragmatic aspects, manipulation, textbook, politeness
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Polyphony in dialogical texts
MACHULOVÁ, Magdaléna
The thesis deals with the analysis of advertising texts and audio-visual recordings with a focus on their argumentation and polyphony. The theoretical part characterizes the advertising genre from a linguistic point of view, focusing on its structure and argumentation. In the practical part, six advertising messages are analysed, three of them are static and three are audio-visual. Finally, the contribution and conclusions of the Theses are evaluated and further possibilities for future research are proposed.
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Linguistic procedures of argumentation in mass media.
BORNOVÁ, Jana
The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyze different types of argumentation in mass media. The thesis will be focused on different point of views on the problematics, especially on logic, pragmatics, rhetoric and linguistic. The mayor emphasis will be put on the linguistic point of view. The theory will be accompanied by analyzed practical examples originating from mass media. Most of the examples comes from newspapers, some of them are from social networks and some of them are advertisements. At the end of the thesis is located a practical demonstration of a detailed text analysis. The secondary aim is to elaborate a didactic proposition of a worksheet for Spanish class focused on the problematics of argumentation. The diploma thesis is terminated by a resumé in Czech language.
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Evident and Hidden Manipulation in Political Speeches of Socialistic Era
Švejda, Zdeněk ; Janovec, Ladislav (advisor) ; Schneiderová, Soňa (referee)
This thesis is concerned with identifying and describing the linguistic elements of manipulative strategies of selected political speeches from 1948 till 1957. In the first part the work is focused on the principles of political communication, further persuasion and manipulation with respect to the relationship of these terms. In the next sections we find formal and functional description language means with regard to their pragmatic semantic components, mechanisms of propaganda and political line of reasoning. Knowledge of various aspects of language allows description of specific manipulative tendencies in political speeches and their burden in terms of evident and hidden action to the addressee.
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TV-debate - argumentation and persuasion: Václav Moravec questioning's case study
Jelínková, Barbora ; Kraus, Jiří (advisor) ; Šoltys, Otakar (referee)
The diploma thesis presents own research method for examination of speech formations. It focuses on examination of televised political debates. The method applied here may be characterized as an organized hermeneutic analysis of political discourse. Through the application of an analytical - philosophical approach (e.g. application of the theory of maxima, illocutionary acts evaluation, and analysis of arguments and verification of their truthfulness), the method allows us to establish objective facts of the debate as well as some personal features of debate participants. To examine texts, the theoretical knowledge of distinguished authors (J. J. Austin, K. Bayer, T. A. van Dijk, N. Fairclough, H. P. Grice, J. Habermas, J. Kraus, G. N. Leeche, J. R. Searl, and others) have been made use of. In addition to the literary survey, the thesis also includes the argumentation in respect of selection of the method, selection of talk shows, transcript of debates from TV records, transformation of the text into an analysable form, and research methodology. Accordingly, a specific communication model of programme is drawn up, the talk show discourse is analysed as a whole, and the styles and argumentation of selected participants are examined and analysed, which is followed by a comprehensive assessment of the...
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Rhetoric of users selected asynchronic discussions on the Internet.
Klika, Jan ; Kraus, Jiří (advisor) ; Švelch, Jaroslav (referee)
Master thesis called "Users rhetoric of selected asynchronous discussions on the Internet" studies culture of language and rhetorical cultivation in the selected discussion pieces from the three news servers, namely Aktuálně.cz., iDnes.cz and Neviditelný pes. Under many of these virtual newspaper articles there are discussions that are meant to develop read ideas and opinions. This discussion space is accessible for practically everyone who has an access to the Internet, which is one of the characteristics and advantages of network media over traditional ones. However limitations of traditional media anticipated the use of appropriate and cultivated language. Network media have different characteristics and asynchronous discussion make other demands on language in them. Natural language is the basic communication medium, which is the primary content of most mass media. In the practical part there is an examination of users speech behavior in these discussions. The rhetorical analysis is used there, which allows a holistic view of speech including its argumentative construction. The aim is to find out what this type of online dialogues is characteristic from the point of view of rhetoric.
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