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Kindergarden teacher and child interaction in problem solving situations
Mertinová, Aneta ; Horáková Hoskovcová, Simona (advisor) ; Šírová, Eva (referee)
This thesis deals with manners of interaction of teachers with children in kindergartens and focuses mainly on solving problematic situations. We are examining question on how to strengthen resilience of children and what ways of interactions with teachers contribute to this process. To find recommendations for interactions with preschool children, we are looking at needs and characteristics of preschool children and comparing various models of resilience in the theoretical part of the work. The theories of Bandura and Seligman form a basis for our approach, but we also contrast them with other sources. At the same time, we are looking at results of international studies describing nature of interactions in their preschool institutions. In the empirical part, we look at the question, which interactions teacher-child occur with highest frequency when solving a problematic situation and if these interactions from teacher to child can be considered as supportive for strengthening resilience of the child. Our research is based on the analysis of 242 events recorded in preschool institutions in Prague. We compare our results with German study of König (2006), from which we have adapted part of the coding scheme. Keywords: resilience, self-efficacy, mediated learning experience, children (preschool...
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The child's personality and beginning attending a nursery school
Zradičková Šafránková, Karla ; Horáková Hoskovcová, Simona (referee) ; Šírová, Eva (referee)
The ability of autoregulation of an individual is a process which moderates coping with social demands. The transition from family environment to a nursery school, functioning in the interaction of various changes, can be considered one of such strong developmental challenges. Theoretical foundations of our research project consist of the concept of resilience based on social cognitive theory. Our probands were a group of 97 preschool children, beginning with attending a nursery school, incoming from the family environment. The data has been collected twice, in September and November. In our research, the data stem from two sources - teacher's observations, and a questionnaire method. As for observations, the areas of monitoring have been established in advance. The frequency and quality of behavioral expressions of children in the adaptation period were recorded by teachers utilizing observation sheets, which were created based on the study of literature on adaptation, and empiricism. Resilient factors are operationalized by initiative, self-regulation, and quality of relationships, measured by means of the DECA - P2 (Devereux Early Childhood Assessment for Preschoolers) questionnaire method. For the purposes of this research, it was transferred and converted into the Czech language from the...
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Selected Psychological Aspects of High Risk Assessment and Correctional Rehabilitation of Perpetrators of Violent Crime
Valentová, Petra ; Horáková Hoskovcová, Simona (referee) ; Jiřička, Václav (referee)
An implementation of what is currently one of the most commonly used tools for high- risk assessment of offenders abroad, HCR-20, the 3rd version to the Czech Republic is the main goal of the submitted doctoral thesis. This doctoral thesis is based on the author's thesis "Selected Psychological Aspects of High Risk Assessment, The Risk of Re-Offense and Correctional Rehabilitation." It is assumed that this tool is used not only for high risk assessment but also for measuring the effectiveness of treatment programs. Specifically, a more detailed theoretical background of this tool, an illustration of qualitative data evaluation within three different case studies and its application to specific therapeutic resocialization program will be provided. In the quantitative part of this doctoral thesis the effectiveness of a therapeutic program by HCR-20 (V3) is measured. This project underlines an importance of taking part in training for a high-risk assessment tool, which is very often underestimated in the Czech Republic, and the importance of gained experiences in high-risk assessment of offenders and finally the use of uniform transparent method for assessing risk of reoffending. Moreover, the study supports the implementation of standardised high-risk assessment method. The high-risk assessment of...
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Ability to self-regulate social networking sites usage and its relationship to feelings of loneliness and life satisfaction
Nekola, Adam ; Horáková Hoskovcová, Simona (advisor) ; Blatný, Marek (referee)
This master thesis is in theoretical part focusing on the term of self-regulation according to Albert Bandura's theory (1991) and its domains of self-monitoring, self-judgement and self-reaction. Next we define its stand against terms such as addiction and habit, in case of low ability of one's regulation. Thanks to analysis of mainly foreign resources we oriented the work to explanation of relationship between self-regulation and loneliness and life satisfaction. These resources are chosen for their historical consistency and contemporary application, especially in domains of media and online environment. In empirical segment of thesis we are proposing our own questionnaire measuring our ability to self-regulate Facebook usage (SRQ-FB), inspired by original theory of Brown et al. (1999) and Czech translation of their questionnaire, translated and tested by Jakešová et al. (2015). Next we tested hypotheses based on assumption of relationship existence between score of our questionnaire (SRQ-FB) and score of loneliness (measured by UCLA Loneliness Scale; Russell et al., 1980) and life satisfaction score (SWLS - Satisfaction With Life Scale; Diener et al., 1984). Research sample consisted of two nation-based groups: Slovak (N = 168) and Czech (N = 21), which differed significantly in achieved score...
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Psychological aspects of carrying infants in a sling
Kořínková, Pavla ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor) ; Horáková Hoskovcová, Simona (referee)
The research problem of the thesis undertakes psychological aspects of carrying an infant on a mother's body using a sling or carrier. The research question states: What are the motives of mothers to carry their infant in carrying aid, according to opinions of mothers who carry their babies? The theoretical part discusses psychological findings about an early mother-child relationship in terms of contact and emerging bonds (attachment) from a prenatal period, through perinatal period, and up to one year of an infant's age. More attention has been paid to biological, behavioural, anthropological, and especially psychological assumptions for carrying an infant by its mother. A qualitative research method has been chosen for the emphirical part of the thesis. The data has been obtained by means of semi-structured interview conducted with nineteen respondents that have had experiences with carrying an infant. The respondents have been selected by an improbability selection method. The recorded interviews have been transcribed verbatim and analysed using a grounded theory. Among the most common motives for carrying a child include pleasurable feelings and experiences of mothers; especially feelings of naturalness, tranquillity, security, and freedom. Furthermore, the mothers appreciate the practicality...
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Self-efficacy in transitional moments with a focus on the transition from primary to lower secondary school education
Kučerová, Barbora ; Horáková Hoskovcová, Simona (advisor) ; Šírová, Eva (referee)
OF THESIS Title: Self-efficacy in transitional moments with a focus on the transition from primary to lower secondary education Author: Bc. Barbora Kučerová Supervisor: PhDr. Simona Hoskovcová, PhD. Number of pages and characters: 74 pages and 155 289 characters Number of appendices: 2 Number of references: 79 Abstract: This diploma thesis considers the self-efficacy concept from the point of view of social cognitive theory. The main goal of this thesis is to investigate the differences in the level of pupils' academic self-efficacy as well as the emotional perception of the change during the transition from primary to lower secondary education. The research was made on a sample of 173 fifth-graders using a questionnaire where the level of their academic self-efficacy and emotional perception of the change was measured during 3 times - before the transition, after the transition and after the adaptation to the change. The results did not prove a statistically significant decrease of the level of academic self-efficacy during the transition. Against expectations the pupils' positive perception of the change was proven. Key words: self-efficacy, academic self-efficacy, transition, adaptation, change
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The Psychological Aspects of Navigation of the Blind
Franc, Jakub ; Kebza, Vladimír (advisor) ; Horáková Hoskovcová, Simona (referee) ; Macek, Tomáš (referee)
This dissertation thesis addresses the area of spatial navigation of the blind. The author theoretically deals with a complex interplay of psychological functions involved in spatial navigation with respect to the specific conditions of the blind. The empirical part of the thesis presents an experimental study in the population of the blind (N=44). This study focuses on effects of the stress recovery phase from shortly increased stress levels on the process of learning a new route. The experiment is placed in real-world settings and overcomes some of the methodological flaws typical for this research domain. The research evidence suggests that the recovery phase from shortly increased stress levels hinders the development of procedural knowledge of the route. However, this deterioration in route knowledge is not associated with the effects of the strsss phase itself, but affects only the recovery phase part of the route in which stress levels are returning to their original baseline levels (not necessarily the level of the resting conditions). Besides its theoretical conclusions, the value of the presented thesis is in its contribution to the advancements of research methods in the given field. The outcomes of this work are practically applicable to the development of navigation aids for the blind....
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Mental Representation of Parents of Children in Institutional Care
Myšková, Lucie ; Smetáčková, Irena (advisor) ; Kolařík, Marek (referee) ; Horáková Hoskovcová, Simona (referee)
MENTAL REPRESENTATION OF PARENTS OF CHILDREN IN INSTITUTIONAL CARE Abstract of dissertation Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Education, Psychology Department Supervisor: PhDr. Irena Smetáčková, Ph.D. Author: Mgr. Lucie Myšková Most children in institutional care have their families and are in contact with them, but for various reasons these children grow up in a familycan not. We know from scientific works, that there is usually a cold atmosphere, weak interest in children, or violence in these families. But children placed in institutional care positive express of parents, practice show and it is known, that children, who do not live with their parents, idealize them. Children selected in the study were in development of the older school age, which is characterized among other critical look at adults. The work is based on the above-mentioned ambivalence and focuses on the mental representation of parents ofolder school children placed in institutional care. The theme is monitored by using several methods (questionnaire, drawing, interview, determining polarities). The obtained data were quantitative - qualitative processed and compared with similar data obtained in a group of children growing up in a family. It was found that ideas of parents of older school age children living in institutional...
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Coping with Stress in Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Brožová, Kateřina ; Horáková Hoskovcová, Simona (advisor) ; Mertin, Václav (referee)
in English: This diploma thesis is focused on parents coping with the burden of having children with autism spectrum disorder. It's goal is to analyze parent's strategy to cope with such burden in relation to taking care of a child with autistic spectrum disorder. Thesis is constructed as an emprical qualitativeresearch which also involves quantitative data. Data were acquired via half - structured interviews with parents of children with autism spectrum disorder.Furthermore, a questionnaire SVF 78 "Strategy of stress management" was used and filled out by the parents. The data were subsequently qualitatively analyzed and interpreted using content analysis. Finally, a comparison to specialized literature was performed. The text of the thesis itself is composed of three parts. First part includes theoretical solutions that are based on both Czech and foreign literature concerned with autism theory and coping with stress of parents bringing up an autistic child. Second part is focusing on the methodology and data analysis procedure. The final third part is dedicated to the interpretation of interviews and discussion results, combined with results of available literature research. The benefit of this diploma thesis is discovery of what helps to parents of autistic children to cope with the stress...
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The possibilities of academic self-efficacy development at school environment
Lávičková, Soňa ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (advisor) ; Horáková Hoskovcová, Simona (referee)
Bandura's theory of self-efficacy is the theoretical framework of academic self-efficacy, which is one of the predictors of the school achievement. Academic self-efficacy is defined as an option of self-efficacy. The focus of this work is a description of the academic self-efficacy development from the beginning of the first grade at elementary school till the end of high school with the emphasis on transition moments. Additionally, variables which can increase or decrease the academic self-efficacy are introduced. In the last part of the work a research project is suggested which explores teacher's importance for academic self-efficacy development. Keywords: academic self-efficacy, student's school achievement, transition moments, elementary school, high school
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