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Value priorities, materialism and subjective well-being in Czech students in relation to the socio-economic status of their family
Bariekzahyová, Tereza ; Hnilica, Karel (advisor) ; Viktorová, Ida (referee)
This study is focused on findings distinctions in value priorities, materialism and subjective well-being of Czech students in relation to the differences in socio-economic status of their family. The theoretical part of my work is divided into four chapters. In the first chapter there is presented the Schwartz's theory of the universal content and structure of human values - one of the most powerful theories of human values. In the second chapter I introduce the conception of materialism from Richins, who deals with the researches of materialism in the USA. The third chapter explains what is in fact the quality of life and presents the Diener's theory of subjective well-being. In the fourth chapter I deal with the influence of socioeconomic status of family to the individuals. I show this influence on a researches about inequalities in educational chances of children, researches about differences among families from lower and higher social class. There are also presented the theories of socio-cultural handicaps.
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Eating disorders
Antelmanová, Kateřina ; Hnilica, Karel (advisor) ; Soukup, Martin (referee)
The bachelor thesis introduces the issue of eating disorders. Interdisciplinary approach makes the effort to form a coherent view on the issue in the context of medical, psychological and sociocultural primarily. The first part focuses on the classification of eating disorders to the system of the classification of diseases in order to explain their concept in medicine. Further independently analyzes diseases during childhood. Biological and psychological context of work briefly describes the risk factors. The second part focuses on the sociocultural factors influencing the emergence of eating disorders and explains some of the terms associated with them. It also deals with their history, which reviews from antiquity to the 20th century. An evolutionary perspective is also used, which depicts the possibility that contributes to the preferences of the slenderness based on environment. Bachelor thesis in this section essentially illustrates the influence of Western culture, which is still expanding. Almost the whole world is influenced by Western values, as well as areas where it is not expected. The work shows these facts in several studies. In conclusion, the study points, not least the social impact of eating disorders on the individual. Keywords: Eating disorders , anorexia nervosa , bulimia...
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Consumer society, materialistic value orientation and quality of life
Rendlová, Markéta ; Hnilica, Karel (advisor) ; Soukup, Václav (referee)
Práce je věnována srovnání hlavních pojetí materialismu ve společenských vědách tak, jak byly formulovány v pracích Ronalda F. lngleharta, Russela Belka, Marshy L. Richinsové a představitelů "rochesterské školy" Edwarda L. Deciho, Richarda M. Ryana a Tima Kassera. Ronald F. lnglehart vnesl do západní společenské vědy koncepci hodnotové změny od materialismu k postmaterialismu. K materialismu přistupuje jako k hodnotové orientaci, která se utvářela či utváří během vývoje společnosti, liší se mezi generacemi a na níž má vliv ekonomický růst. Podle tohoto autora dochází u poválečné generace ke změně hodnot, a to směrem od materialistických, jejichž cílem je především zajištění ekonomického dostatku, k tzv. postmaterialistickým hodnotám, které reflektují podmínky ekonomického bezpečí. Výsledky řady provedených mezinárodních srovnávacích výzkumů však nepostihují individuální rozdíly v hodnotové orientaci členů zkoumaných společností. Na rozdíl od R. lngleharta se Russel Belk snaží tyto individuální rozdíly v úrovni materialistické orientaci jedince postihnout. Podle něj se spolu s vývojem společnosti mění také člověk a některé jeho typické sklony reprezentují jeho vztah k materiálním objektům. Materialismus tak připisuje do značné míry vnitřním individuálním rozdílům v osobnosti a chápe jej jako osobnostní rys....
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The spirituality of the Yoga movement in Bohemia
Němečková, Kamila ; Říčan, Pavel (advisor) ; Hnilica, Karel (referee)
V práci jsem se zabývala spiritualitou jógového hnutí v Čechách. Důraz jsem položila na teoretickou část, empirická část tvořená orientační dotazníkovou studií je pouze doplňková. V teoretické části jsem se pokusila ve třech kapitolách vytvořit širokou základnu nahlížející spiritualitu v řadě aspektů. Tento komplexnější pohled naznačil podnětné souvislosti důležité pro zachycení typu spirituality, která je v jógovém hnutí obsažena. Empirická část naznačila, že spiritualita jógy, kterou jsem ve své práci hledala, má "ženské" prvky. Orientační dotazníková studie ukazuje vysokou hladinu eko-spirituální roviny, která je tradičně uváděna jako "ženská". Další výsledky oproti původním předpokladům nastínily, že členové jógového hnutí nejsou přímo ovlivněni křesťanskou náboženskou výchovou a spíše podporují teorii existence jiné životní filosofie, která může souviset s východním myšlením v kontextu jógy. Jak už bylo řečeno výše, "ženskou spiritualitu" považuji za jeden z významných faktorů českého jógového hnutí. Další velké téma, které v průběhu psaní práce vyplynulo, má těžiště v holistickém nazírání světa, v propojení východního a západního myšlení. Tato dvě témata se postupně sloučila do teorie, jež charakterizují spiritualitu jógy v Čechách V první kapitole jsem se pokusila objasnit důvody, proč jóga, která...
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Family and school life of children with Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Pokorná, Kateřina ; Lorenzová, Jitka (advisor) ; Hnilica, Karel (referee)
This thesis deals with the complications that brings obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) school-age children in the family and school life. It consists of two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is divided into the seven chapters and is drawn from the knowledge of professional literature and Internet sources. This section consists of basic information about OCD, the etiology, diagnosis, treatment options. The last three chapters deal with the consequences of obsessive-compulsive disorder and problems that OCD brings to family and school life. The practical part is an empirical investigation dealing with the main objective of the work, which is based on an analysis of complications that brings obsessive-compulsive disorder of school-age children in the family and school life. Survey results was achieved through open, axial and selective coding, which allowed delineation create grounded theory. It was found that OCD manifests in childhood and brings negative consequences not only for family but also for the school life of the child, especially in the form of disturbed domestic atmosphere and the inability to concentrate on teaching.
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Culture and migration: Czech military observer and mission abroad
Horký, Radek ; Hnilica, Karel (advisor) ; Soukup, Václav (referee) ; Lapka, Miloslav (referee)
Dissertation thesis deals with the relevant questions related to culture, personality, and migration. The topic has been elaborated within the context of operations of the Czech military personnel in observation missions abroad. It comprises of theoretical and empirical part. Theoretical part summarises basic conceptions on that issue. Empirical part is an explorative research that retlects broadly the issue of specific work-related migration. Appendix of the study inc1udes the summary of the missions that the Czech Armed Forces personnel have taken part in as military observers since 1989 and DVD with original film from the author' s place of work during his service for UN mission MONUC in the Democratic Republic Congo.
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Quality of Life and Materialistic Value Orientation
Rendlová, Markéta ; Hnilica, Karel (advisor) ; Šolcová, Iva (referee) ; Šulová, Lenka (referee)
Empirical evidence consistently shows that an emphasis on materialistic values negatively correlates with quality of life, both at an individual and societal level. The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to a better understanding of this interrelationship. The thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part presents concepts both of quality of life and materialism as well as contemporary approaches to their research and measurement. Special attention is paid to the concept of eudaimonic well-being as a core concept of optimal human functioning, and to the concept of post-materialism as a value orientation that emphasizes self-expression and quality of life. The thesis is based on two propositions referring to the relation between quality of life and materialistic value orientation. On the one hand, materialism facilitates an economic development and market economy of a given society. At a certain level of economic development there is a tendency to shift to post-materialistic values associated with autonomy, self-realization and personal growth. This value shift is not effortless, as the other proposition claims. The consumer-driven culture produced by the modern economy promotes material values. It claims that the route to happiness and well-being is through...
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Influence of culture on the conception of mental illness.
Janíková, Martina ; Hnilica, Karel (advisor) ; Zoufalá, Marcela (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to describe sociocultural aspects of mental illness. The thesis concerns with sociocultural influences on formation and conceptualization of illness explanatory models that shape unstructured fyziological phenomenon into structured experience. Specific cultural content of biological categories is the foundation of health care systems, lay conceptions and prejudices and determines social status of the mentally ill. Also attitudes of society towards its deviant members reflect her essential characteristics. Therefore, this thesis outlines historical and cross-cultural transformations of mental illness within the broad social context. Describes health care system as a specific layer of social and symbolic reality and points out the influence of dominant psychiatric discourse on the conception of illness. Attention was also paied to media selective portrayals of mental illness that were proved to strenghten negative stereotypes. Mental illnesses, how was shown, differs cross-culturally. Though basic psychiatric syndromes occur in every society, culture promotes and shapes particular symptoms, so that progress and prognosis can be very different. We can, therefore, conclude that every illness is in a way culture-related.
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Health as a cultural theme
Muráriková, Simona ; Czumalo, Vladimír (advisor) ; Hnilica, Karel (referee)
The thesis focuses in the first part on the development of conception, description, and definition of the notion of health in culturological perspective. It deals with the critical analysis of definiton of health and associates the concept of health with the concept of quality of life. The second part of the thesis focuses on the development of the conception of health, disease, and care for healthy and sick people in the history of culture. This part presents the overview of historical development of the medicine. The last part contains the detailed analysis of the role of medicine in present society with the use of relevant theoretical concepts.
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The motive of justice and its social psychological correlates
Homolová, Pavla ; Hnilica, Karel (advisor) ; Blatný, Marek (referee)
The thesis aims at social psychological aspects of the justice motive. Its purpose is to outline the links between justice motivation and social context, primarily to socioeconomic status, social identity and culture. Major differences between implicit and explicit justice motives are presented, the focus is mainly on the belief in a just world as an important indicator of the justice motive. Distributive and procedural norms of justice are described considering their social dependences. The justice motive and evaluation are viewed from the perspectives of theory of social exchange and equity, social identity theory and theory of system justification. In the empirical part the relation between SES and BJW in Czech society is tested in two studies. The analysis results of the quota public opinion survey (Aktér 2015, N = 926) indicate that people of high SES believe explicitly in a just world more than people of low SES. The estimated contradictions to the results of studies carried out in American context are discussed. The findings from the Czech survey may be relevant especially in the context of less socially differentiated societies. The analysis of data stemming from online quasiexperimental study (N = 82) of people aged 18 - 33 does not confirm these results, possible methodological...
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