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Reproductive careers of women in Slovakia during the state socialist era of the 1970s and in transforming society
Potančoková, Michaela ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee) ; Piscová, Magdaléna (referee)
The main goal of this study is to understand changes in fertility timing and ordering of reproductive life events over the women's life course. We investigate the process of family formation and transition to motherhood in Slovakia comparing birth cohorts of women who experienced childbearing during the state socialism of the 1970s and in transforming society. We employ the life course theory and combine qualitative methods with cross-sectional and cohort analysis of reproductive behaviour. Compared to the standardisation of reproductive careers during the state socialist era we observe individualisation of the life course and lowering degree of co-occurrence of life events in transition to adulthood. We find that sequential view of the life course, the perceived incompatibility of parenting with parallel life careers and newly articulated age norms contribute to the postponement of childbearing, which is perceived a rational strategy in response to the context of the market-oriented economy. Keywords: life course, reproductive behaviour, cohort fertility, postponement of childbearing, qualitative methods, Slovakia Abstrakt Hlavným cieľom štúdie je preskúmať zmeny usporiadania a časovania reprodukčných udalostí v rámci reprodukčných dráh žien. Porovnávame proces zakladania rodiny a prechodu k...
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Potentialities of adolescents' social skills development at secondary schools
Krejčová, Lenka ; Gillernová, Ilona (advisor) ; Štětovská, Iva (referee) ; Blatný, Marek (referee)
The dissertation thesis presents results of a several-year research project which focused on potential development of adolescents' social skills at secondary schools. The first chapters summarize various concepts, knowledge and theories connected with our topic. The emphasis is put on socialization in adolescence which is an ontogenetic aspect of maturation which points to the dissertation's main theme. The thesis also introduces social skills and emphasizes their necessary development at secondary schools in terms of complex sociocognitive development. Social skills are also tightly connected with academic success and their development also prevents risk behaviour. Social skills development is further considered in connection with teachers who belong among crucial sources of social support and development in adolescence. Another important social group at school environment involves peers who form school classes and affect each other in the course of the whole educational process. Finally, the social skills are introduced in connection with academic success, i.e. motivation toward school work, and academic efficacy. Both these characteristics of the educational process depend on social skills and simultaneously affect academic results. Last chapters of the theoretical part draw attention to different forms...
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Quality of life and Lifestle in Czech children in town and village
Hlaváčková, Eva ; Hodačová, Lenka (advisor) ; Benešová, Veronika (referee) ; Hrubá, Drahoslava (referee)
Quality of life is a multidimensional concept that has been researched in many scientific fields. It has gained an important position especially in medicine, sociology, and psychology. The aim of the study was to monitor specific indicators of quality of life (QoL) and lifestyle in a representative sample of Czech children within an international study of the World Health organization (WHO), The Health Behaviour in School Aged Children: A WHO Cross National Study (HBSC), to analyze QoL in Czech children according to age, gender, and place of residence, and to evaluate it as it relates to other important factors associated with lifestyle (formal structure of the family, the amount of time spent together in the family, adaptation to school, subjectively perceived degree of demands for achievement in the school, social relationships, alcohol and tobacco consumption). The data were obtained using a questionnaire in 86 randomly selected elementary schools and multiannual secondary schools. The study methods emanated from the WHO recommendations. The target population for the research study was a representative sample of Czech children aged 11, 13, and 15, a total of 4,782 children. We monitored subjectively perceived QoL based on a subjective evaluation of the health status, the feeling of happiness, and...
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Engagement of Czech Secondary School Students in Charity Activities
Nejedlá, Monika ; Sedláková, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Hauptová, Vilma (referee)
The aim of this work is to find out and chart how looks the integration of the Czech secondary-school students to the beneficence in context of the ethical culture at the secondary schools. This work will be focused on the region Mladá Boleslav and the projects Světluška and Píšťalka. The work will be divided into two sections -- theoretical and practical. The theoretical section will contain the questions of the beneficence and two concrete projects, the whole position of the Czech Republic to the beneficence. The practical section will use the question-form method oriented to the secondary-school students. The practical output of this work will be the project - the subject: Ethical Culture at the chosen secondary school.
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Agricultural and Social Life of the Collegiate Chapter of Stará Boleslav in the Fifties and Sixties of the 17th Century
Kratochvíl, Miroslav ; Šedivá Koldinská, Marie (advisor) ; Zdichynec, Jan (referee)
The thesis analyses the agricultural and social life of the collegiate chapter of Stará Boleslav in the fifties and sixties of the 17th century. The core of the thesis focused on researching of the agricultural and social situation of the chapter of Stará Boleslav in the fifties and sixties of the 17th century follows after a brief outline of the chapter's history and its position within the context of the medieval and early modern development. The topic is mainly studied on the basis of unpublished sources (a list of the most important ones is presented below), also considering secondary literature, and it is placed into a broader context of the situation in Bohemia after the Thirty Years War. 1
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Concept of digital generation in the context of education
Habrovanský, Miroslav ; Černochová, Miroslava (advisor) ; Fialová, Irena (referee)
The thesis is focused on a concept of digital generation. Its theoretical part analyses available resources of literature, describes the main characteristics of digital generation and summarizes results of the latest researches about digital generation. The practical part is based on results of a research among teachers from a private secondary school specialized on Informatics and Computer Science presents teachers ́ opinions and experience with behavior of digital generation in school education. The thesis describes also conclusions gained in interviews with a group of secondary school students as representatives of digital generation. Their opinions are confronted with opinions of their teachers. Results gained in both researches were applied in recommendation for how to integrate digital generation into school education. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Labour market changes and perspectives of education
Tvrdý, Lubor ; Keller, Jan (advisor) ; Kuchař, Pavel (referee) ; Kern, Jiří (referee)
At present, society has been undergoing significant changes. There has also been a transformation in the way people work. There has been a sharp increase in the demands on employees, especially from the point of view of new knowledge and skills, namely those skills and knowledge related to the development of information technologies. Differences existing on the labour market have also been growing, both with regard to income and the length of unemployment. The nature of these differences may be explained in the context of either segmentation theories or the growth of individua! inequalities. With the increase in the number of university graduates, the problem of over-qualification has arisen, i.e. part of the people with university education hold positions which are supposed to be filled with secondary school graduates - with little prospect for change. An analysis of the transformations taking place on the labour market and in the area of education has been carried out in the doctoral thesis. Furthermore, the development of the relationship between attained education and the individual's resultant position on the labour market with respect to over-qualification is described in the thesis. The final part of the thesis is devoted to growing wage differentiation and the process of labour market segmentation.
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Ideal and real teacher of special subject from the perspective of pupils of secondary schools and students of university, evolution of preferences
Bednářová, Markéta ; Koťa, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Pelikán, Jiří (referee)
The present research work Ideal and real teacher of special subject from the perspective of pupils of secondary schools and students of university focuses on finding the opinion of pupils of secondary nursing schools and students of higher nursing schools and universities on teachers of nursing. The main objective was to deterrnine how the pupils and students represent the ideal teacher, whether the ideas pursued by different groups and how pupils and students evaluate their current teachers in the context created by the ideal model. The theoretical part of the work summanzes conclusions from thematically similar studies. The key concepts which relate to the subject of the study, such as the teacher, the role ofthe teacher, desirable qualities ofthe teacher, the teacher oftechnical subjects, the teacher of nursing, a professional preparation of the teacher, the pupil, the student, are summarized and synoptically explained on the basis of a qualitative analysis of data from the literature. The empirical part of the work describes the applied quantitative research carried on by the indirect inquiry method with 805 respondents - pupils of secondary and students of and higher nursing schools and universities specialised on nursing. The respondents were chosen from fourteen schools, seven towns of a different...
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Does goverment policy affect macroeconomical development?
Kořínková, Anežka ; Šíma, Ondřej (advisor) ; Hába, Stanislav (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the relationship between government policy and macroeconomic developments in developing and developed countries through history. The thesis explores and describes various political parties and their effect on economic (in)stability in context of government policy. More specifically it focuses on monetary and fiscal policy, economic growth and financial crisis. Emphasis is also placed on other factors, such as historical events and natural resources. Part of the work is about voter´s behaviour in the electoral cycle.
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Child's aggressiveness in the context of mass media
Brychcínová, Tereza ; Koťa, Jaroslav (referee) ; Vališová, Alena (advisor)
This work is focused on the problems of child's aggressiveness in the context of mass media from the theoretical - empirical view. The first chapter of the theoretical diploma's part defines aggressive behaviour and compares the aggression's theories of chosen authors, divides the types of aggression and it is engaged in factors which influence the aggressive behaviour of the young and divided special reveals of antisocial behaviour. The second chapter is about children and the media and it is mainly focused on the probléme with manipulation in the context of mass media furthermore on the influence of the media on child's aggressiveness and influencing his personality through a television and a computer. The third chapter is the empirical verification of the second chapter and its main aim is the role of using a television and a computer in common child's life - the important question are these: How often do children and students watch TV? How many hours do they use a computer? How is the influence of TV and a computer on school education? Which relation do watching TV and using a computer bring between parents and children? And the chapter also compares activities connected with the media in comparision of the other leisure activities. The empirical verification was proceeded at the elementary and high...
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