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Labour market changes and perspectives of education
Tvrdý, Lubor ; Keller, Jan (advisor) ; Kuchař, Pavel (referee) ; Kern, Jiří (referee)
At present, society has been undergoing significant changes. There has also been a transformation in the way people work. There has been a sharp increase in the demands on employees, especially from the point of view of new knowledge and skills, namely those skills and knowledge related to the development of information technologies. Differences existing on the labour market have also been growing, both with regard to income and the length of unemployment. The nature of these differences may be explained in the context of either segmentation theories or the growth of individua! inequalities. With the increase in the number of university graduates, the problem of over-qualification has arisen, i.e. part of the people with university education hold positions which are supposed to be filled with secondary school graduates - with little prospect for change. An analysis of the transformations taking place on the labour market and in the area of education has been carried out in the doctoral thesis. Furthermore, the development of the relationship between attained education and the individual's resultant position on the labour market with respect to over-qualification is described in the thesis. The final part of the thesis is devoted to growing wage differentiation and the process of labour market segmentation.
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The status of animals as experimental objects in the light of wider sociological-historical perspectives
Vandrovcová, Tereza ; Suša, Oleg (advisor) ; Lupač, Petr (referee)
The thesis is dealing with the moral status of experimental animals in biomedical research. Aside of the sociological analysis of the problem, the aim of this work is to introduce a new field in social science Animal Studies, which is focused on elaborating the status of animals in human society and the relationships between humans and other living beings. In the first part, the author outlines the development of theories of moral status and evaluates the possibility of their application to the ethical problems related to nonhuman creatures. Practical part of the text is focused on the way the animals are objectified by laboratory personnel for the purpose of their instrumental use. The following chapter on the socialization of scientist focuses on the way the people are prepared and trained in emotional distance from the animals-instruments. Moreover, the author presents the process of desensitizing future scientist and discouraging individuals who are unable to accept specific concepts stabilized within the community of researchers who use animals. In the following part of the text the author describes the process of social construction of experimental animals as deindividualized objects representing the part of the laboratory and the negative effects that the consequent structure causes to animal...
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Testing spatial cognition - a comparison of a group of patients with the Failed Back Surgery Syndrome with a healthy population sample
Střídová, Zuzana ; Čakrt, Ondřej (referee) ; Lepšíková, Magdaléna (advisor)
Diploma thesis summarizes recent knowledge of neurophysiology primarily self-perception and body- scheme. The aim is to contribute and enrich the recent theories. The thesis studies different quality of self-perception in healthy people and patients with chronic back pain, especially patients with Failed Back Surgery Syndrome. An experimental comparison between patients with FBSS and control group has been made. The research involved navigation tasks. Probands were blindfolded during the examination in the space cognition laboratory with the Blue Velvet Arena system. Certain differences between patients and control group have been detected. Further studies with larger number of patients are recommended, so the experiment returns more precise results and statistically valuable data. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The issue of an offender's personality in criminology
Švadlenková, Vendula ; Novotný, Oto (advisor) ; Vanduchová, Marie (referee)
74 RESUMÉ " Questions of offender's personality in kriminology " In my thesis, I deal with a term "personality of an offender" in the face of pozitive penal law and also with regard to kriminology as a multidisciplinary science with multiplicity of technics and theories. Criminological resarches provide a huge range of informations and facts and these matters of fact are the basis for formulation many theories which try to explain how could a society recognize an offender and if it's practically possible to categorize these people to some groups with specific features. I speak about theories which try to explain a reasons of kriminality, mainly biological, psychological and sociological theories where every single one has own view on the basic principle of criminaltity. I also work with practical studies, mainly with statistics of police or courts which are also valuable contribution for enouncement of some conclusion or theory. Important chapter about recidivation and individual prediction of criminal acting handle with posibility of recovery of deliquency and try to find some proceeding how to avoid or reduce this probability. The last chapter is dedicated to questions of women kriminality and tries to summarize available opinions how to deal with this phenomen and explains its low index.
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Czech language in deaf children's education
Hudáková, Andrea ; Macurová, Alena (advisor) ; Nebeská, Iva (referee) ; Tarcsiová, Darina (referee)
The text is mapping the role of Czech language and other communication codes in Deaf children's education, prelingually Deaf above all. Essential Deaf people's communication ways, speaking language and sign language acquisition developments and two main education conceptions: monolingual and monocultural vs. bilingual and bicultural (total communication - as a metod as a philosophy - is remembered too) are presented in the first part. The second part is focused on historical and also contemporary education theories and communication methods applied in our schools for the Deaf. They are confronted with literacy tests score and implementation process of the state guaranteed school-leaving exam in the end.
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Systemic thought
Tomková, Markéta ; Kebza, Vladimír (referee) ; Uhlář, Pavel (advisor)
This graduation thesis tries to summarize the systemic thouf.(ht, its scientist sources, systemic thought development and general and tbeoretical bases. This NL A. thesis is theoretical/y aimed and its objective is to present a synthesis of the systemic approach .. The systemic approach is a new point oť view in psychology, with its roots in 1950's. The systemic thought is inspired by three basic theoretical sources: general system theory, radical constructivism and social constructionism. The theory of systems is an interdiscip/inary theory that studies properties of systems as a whole. The radical constructivism is an approach to the problem of knowledge and knowing. ft starts from the assumption that knowledge is in the heads of persons, and that the thinking subject has no alternative but to construct what they know on the basis of their own experience. The social constructionism aims to discover the ways in which individuals and groups participate in the creation of their perceived reality. ft involves looking at the ways social phenomena are created, institutionalized, and forged into tradition by humans. The "socially constructed reality" is seen as an ongoing, dynamic process: the reality is reproduced by people acting on their interpretations and their knowledge of it. Furthermore, this thesis...
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Formation of the image of Soviet Russia in Czechoslovakia between World Wars
Lomíček, Jan ; Jančík, Drahomír (referee) ; Štaif, Jiří (advisor)
The image of Soviet Russia in Czechoslovakia between W orld Wars was the result of persona! experiences of the visitors mentioned in their literary works. The amount of places these visitors were able to visit was relatively small and that is why the reality shown in their works is distorted. In some cases such a distorted image was created by the institutions monitoring foreigners in the Soviet territory. It was VOKS (V sesojuznoe obščestvo dlja kuľtumoj svjazi s zagranicej) and the Soviet state travel agency Intourist, to name the most significant of them. Also the writers who tried to present an objective description of the situation in the Soviet Union were often dependent on theoretical information without the possibility to verify their theories in practice. A significant number of left-wing intelectuals considered the dictatorship of the proletariat to be a politi cal vanguard. They sticked to these behefs because they did not have any opportunity to discover the rea! consequences of Bolshevik govemment on the people in the Soviet Union.
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Personal Income Taxation in the Czech Republic and the United States of America
Doubravová, Lucie ; Rytířová, Lucie (advisor) ; Tepperová, Jana (referee)
This diploma thesis describes the topic of personal income taxation in the Czech Republic compared to the United States of America and on the case studies it compares the tax burden of the family with two children earning average income from employment in the Czech Republic and in the United States of America. The aim is to prove that the results comply with the OECD statistics saying that the tax burden difference between those two states is approximately the same. The fractional aim is to examine if the tax burden for the same family with the above-average employment income in the United States is much higher that it can be one of the motives why people enter or leave different labour markets. The second case study focuses on the differences in the taxation of the different tax return categories of the taxpayers and confirms the theory that the average benefit of 450 USD per year appears with taxpayers filing the married filing jointly tax return. The thesis also describes the international taxation basics with the Double tax treaty and the concepts of tax residence and taxation principles such as tax equity and efficiency.
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Analysis of the pension systems of Czech Republic and Slovak Republic and their comparison in the years 1993-2015
Kovanda, Dominik ; Zeman, Martin (advisor) ; Bartůsková, Lucia (referee)
The aim of this thesis is the analysis of pension systems in the Czech and Slovak Republics. The result of this analysis is the evaluation and comparison of these systems and their functionality for the needs of present and future generations of retired people. In 2016, the second pillar of the pension system in the Czech Republic was cancelled. This pillar was established in 2013. Its creation and existence was deemed unsuccessful. In contrast with the Slovak system where the second pillar operates eleven years and has a large number of participants. Theories of causes of failure of the second pillar in the Czech Republic in the last year came up a lot. The importance of initial conditions of the other pillars in the pension system before the reform was crucial for the success of the new, now canceled that second pillar. The theoretical part of thesis studies social policy, its divisions and implementation. Subsequently there are descriptions of general models of pension systems, their financing methods and possibilities of implementation. The practical part analyzes the historical development and current form of pension systems in the Czech and Slovak Republics. It also describes ways of contribution, profiles of participants, payment options and risks of individual pillars. At the end of the practical part is the comparison of both systems, with projections of possible developments in the future.
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Possible influence of space on the quality of client's life in residential services for seniors
Borská, Klára ; Vodáčková, Daniela (advisor) ; Matoušek, Oldřich (referee)
This thesis deals with the influence of environment on quality of life of seniors living in residential care for elderly. The main source for it was professional Czech and foreign literature and other related updates. The introductory chapter presents definitions of important characteristics of old age and aging, science aimed at this group, supplements and concepts aimed at elderly citizens in the Czech Republic and abroad. The second chapter takes the task of meeting with theories of quality of life, in the context of meeting the needs of the individual. The third section summarizes the definitions of space and its importance in human life. The following factors and that the space in which people live influence. The fourth chapter deals with residential services and their quality. Also deals with the Social Services Quality Standards and Quality Mark project, which focuses on residential care. Research section is intended to evaluate the impact of environment for seniors in their quality of life. Tracks selected areas of significance for the respondents and also satisfaction with their fulfillment. Final summary of research on the basis of the findings suggests points that should be respected in residential care for the elderly.
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