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Reflections of social and political conditions of late Tudor and early Stuart England in the work of William Shakespeare
Zemanová, Michaela ; Skřivan, Aleš (referee) ; Kovář, Martin (advisor)
The aim of the dissertation was understanding and explaining historical plays of the most famous Elizabethan dramatists - namely William Shakespeare - in the context of the time the plays originated. Shakespeare's historical plays were the main source. Works of Elizabethan and early Jacobite dramatists were influenced by political, economical and religious changes in England of that time. Elizabethan writers were to celebrate and in some way legitimize the dynasty of the Tudors. The right of grandfather of Elizabeth II to English throne was quite problematic from some point of view. In his historical plays William Shakespeare also celebrated English history and he tried to created a picture of an "ideal ruler". First of all, his "Richard III" helped to make a portrait of Henry VII "who saved England from tyrannical rule of Richard III". So Shakespeare legitimized coming of dynasty of the Tudors. Shakespeare's interpretation of the "biggest villain" of English history influenced further generations of writers and historians. On the base of psychological development of historical figures which are complemented by peculiar characters from lower class Shakespeare uncovered religious and political problems of his time and relations between different social classes.
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Pragmatic motivation of cliché from the point of view of an interpreter
Barciuc, Ina ; Rejšková, Jana (referee) ; Abdallaova, Naděžda (advisor)
This thesis offers a comparison of the research of clichés in three languages: English, Czech and Russian. Clichés are just one possible manifestation of how speech can be automatized and syntactic structures that can be reproduced and identified are created. This complex phenomenon must be studied through the prism of lexicology, stylistics and pragmatics. Understanding and interpretation of this phenomenon differs depending on linguistic schools and single authors, some linguists hold a negative opinion of clichés, some believe that in certain types of discourse clichés are necessary. There is no unified definition of a cliché either. This thesis is focused on clichés in political discourse where the pragmatic dimension of clichés and their functions in relation to users, both politicians and their listeners, is studied. Clichés are a prominent stylistic element which may have a significant impact on the work of an interpreter. This is why the empirical part is aimed at clichés from the interpreter's perspective. An experiment involving 14 professional intepreters is set up in order to study their attitude towards clichés.
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Hannah Arendt's concept of thought and action
Štech, Daniel ; Němec, Václav (referee) ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor)
The present thesis follows the distinction made by Hannah Arendt between the life of the mind and vita activa. In her earlier writings, Arendt presents acting in concert as a supreme human possibility. The devaluation of active life in the Western tradition is seen as related to the subordination of the experience of action to the experience of thought, which presupposes a turning away from the world of phenomena and plurality. With respect to the ability to act, Arendt understands thought as marginal or even detrimental. On this note, she contrasts thought with opinion, a specifically political attitude bound to the experience of action and plurality. Following the process with Eichmann, however, this image saw a revision. With the collapse of the public sphere, the dependence of the ability to tell right from wrong on the activity of thought became more prominent. Subsequent considerations therefore shift to the sphere of the mind. In the light of the corpus of Arendt's works, the present thesis enquires into the nature of mental acts required for adequate action. The first part presents political thought within the situation of plurality. The second part takes into account the collapse of the public sphere and deals with the uneasy relationship between thought and the ability to relate to the common...
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Vzestup náboženství v mezinárodních vztazích (Religion's Rise in IR)
Dravecký, Pavol ; Kratochvíl, Petr (advisor) ; Minárik, Pavol (referee)
This work attempts to identify the sources of the difference between the Christian Left and Right; How is it possible that people who share such a detailed creed can be so strictly opposed when it comes to politics? My hypothesis is that the conflict is engendered by different conceptions of will and the body. To test this hypothesis, I first present a brief history of the relationship between Christianity and politics up to the present state of the Christian versions of Right and Left, to finally find that while their understanding of human will is virtually identical, the human body is seen in opposing terms. Nevertheless, I equally conclude that the division between Right and Left is inaccurate, because both strive for the same - to prevent the monopolization of power by either the State or the Market.
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Early mediaeval stronghold of Libice nad Cidlinou and its hinterland
Mařík, Jan ; Sláma, Jiří (advisor) ; Macháček, Jiří (referee) ; Moždzioch, Slawomir (referee)
Early medieval strongholds (fortified centres) were dominating elements in early medieval society. They usually served as multi-functional centres of political power, administration, trade, cult, military organization, etc. There were many people residing in such strongholds who did not take part on agricultural production, for example the ducal family, soldiers, and craftsmen. Strongholds played an important role in the process of the formation of early medieval Czech state in the 9th and the 10th century. The early medieval centre is assumed to have been a great consumer of food (non-productive elites), human labour (construction of fortification), raw materials (wood, iron ore), etc. The needs of early medieval strongholds are usually characterised as "very large", but always without any proper context of comparison. It is impossible to understand the economy of a centre without a knowledge of its needs and capacity of its hinterland. The centre and its hinterland is one indivisible system, which has to be balanced.
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Incompatibilities: the possibility of engagement in contemporary literary theory
Černovský, Pavel ; Procházka, Martin (referee) ; Armand, Louis (advisor)
To relate question of literature, or art in general, to any notion of engagement represents a number of problems. Probably the first is the problem, manifested in the development of the avant-garde, that engagement no matter how openly defined would nevertheless end in a subordination of art to politics, accompanied by politics usurping the right to define what is art. As Theda Shapiro in her account of the relation between politics and avant-garde art points out, at the beginning: "Many artists tacitly and somewhat naively assumed that, since art has been revolutionary before the Revolution, avant-garde artists would intuitively understand what was now needed and respond to the new economic and social situation."l However, this did not prove to be the case. To a certain surprise, the initial belief that "The fine phrase 'free, unpolitical art' is not meant for you"2 has not lead to a natural and spontaneous co-operation of artists and politicians. Instead, the claim of art being necessarily part of politics in a very wide sense was soon seen to be seized by the increasingly bureaucratic apparatus pursuing "ideological needs of the moment,"3 only to be in the end transformed into a doctrine by the "1932 proclamation of 'socialist realism' as the only officially accepted art form."4 To relate literature to...
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The World as "The First Sacrament". Concept of the World in the Liturgical Theology of Alexander Schmemann
Macháčková, Ivana ; Noble, Ivana (advisor) ; Hošek, Pavel (referee)
Alexander Schmemann, one of the greatest orthodox theologians of the twentieth century, understands world in his liturgical theology as a gift of God ́s love to man. Man was created as a priest of creation and he should accept creation as a gift and bring it in thanksgiving back to God. But man diverted from God, he lives in a self-centred way and he separated divine and profane. Salvation is seen by Schmemann in Jesus Christ, who renewed relation of man to God, renewed the continuity between the world and himself. The central place in Schmemann ́s liturgical theology has liturgy. The eucharist is described by Schmemann as the entrance of the Church into the joy of her Lord. It has cosmic, all- embracing character and it transforms everything. This liturgy takes place in separation from the world, but for the world. In the offering we bring to God the whole world and it becomes in the liturgy what it always should have been, but was not. The Church is the gift of reconciliation and forgiveness. She represents the whole creation before God. Schmemann strongly emphasises the role of community. He criticises attempts of unity from "below" and he also does not accept the activities of the Church in the social and political sphere. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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National Socialist Cultural Policy in Düsseldorf 1933 - 1945
Mikulová, Soňa ; Pešek, Jiří (advisor) ; Pelánová, Anita (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to understand how the Nazis used and subordinated art to their power. It was necessary to concentrate the focus of this study on a specific region of the Third Reich. The choice of Düsseldorf as a frame for cultural-political studies of the years 1933-1945 was made because the city had been a cultural centre since the 18. century and it was a home of many famous artists, such as Heinrich Heine, Robert and Clara Schumann and Felix Mendelsohn-Bartholdy. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The First Landreform in the Estates Křivoklát, Plasy and Radnice
Kaucká, Kristýna ; Jančík, Drahomír (advisor) ; Šouša, Jiří (referee) ; Burešová, Jana (referee)
1 Abstract The dissertation analyses the First Czechoslovak Land Reform on the estates Křivoklát, Plasy and Radnice. The main aim of the thesis is to understand the redistribution of land in the First Czechoslovak Republic and to evaluate its consequences. This will be achieved by comparative analysis of the allotment processes which took place on the mentioned estates. The first criterion of the comparative analysis is the behavior of The State Land Office regarding the owners of mentioned estates - Metternich (Plasy), Fürstenberg (Křivoklát) and Sternberg (Radnice). Moreover, these criteria also include economic and social impacts of the land reform on the former estates (small holdings, residual estates, industrial establishments and cultural heritage preservation). The aim of the comparative analysis is to find similarities and differences in specific negotiation strategies of the landowners with The State Land Office, which will be interpreted in the context of Czechoslovak political, diplomatic, social and economic system. One of the main research goals is to determine to what extent the purposes of land reform were successfully fulfilled (social stabilization of the countryside, disposal of inefficient estates and strengthening of small allotment). Key words: Landreform, Křivoklát, Plasy, Radnice, Estate
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Direct presidential election in Czech Republic : causes, conditions, consequences
Rabiňáková, Kateřina ; Kysela, Jan (advisor) ; Pithart, Petr (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyze the process of changing the Czech Constitution from indirect presidential election to direct popular election. This happened in 2012 and it is the most significant change of the Czech Constitution since its adoption. The first chapter of this thesis focuses on characteristics of a president in the Czech Republic and his specific role in the constitutional political system, which is crucial for understanding the topic. The second chapter deals with the process of constitutional change from the indirect to popular presidential election. It describes the history of legislative bills from 1989 to 2012, when the last bill was passed by the Parliament. Also, this chapter introduces an expert discussion about this fundamental constitutional change, as well as its pros and cons. The arguments for a direct election are rare in expert discussion compare to the arguments which are against. The argumentation of the political representation is generally in favor of direct presidential elections. This is in a strong contrast with political scientists and constitutional lawyer's opinion. The strongest argument for a direct election was public demand. The fact that a direct election has no place in the parliamentary political system and has potential to deform the parliamentary...
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