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Park's conjecture
Lauschmannová, Anna ; Ježek, Jaroslav (referee) ; Stanovský, David (advisor)
A finite algebra of finite type (i.e. in a finite language) is finitely based iff the variety it generates can be axiomatized by finitely many equations. Park's conjecture states that if a finite algebra of finite type generates a variety in which all subdirectly irreducible members are finite and of bounded size, then the algebra is finitely based. In this thesis, I reproduce some of the finite basis results of this millennium, and give a taster of older ones. The main results fall into two categories: applications of Jonsson's theorem from 1979 (Baker's theorem in the congruence distributive setting, and its extension by Willard to congruence meet-semidistributive varieties), whilst other proofs are syntactical in nature (Lyndon's theorem on two element algebras, Je·zek's on poor signatures, Perkins's on commutative semigroups and the theorem on regularisation). The text is self-contained, assuming only basic knowledge of logic and universal algebra, and stating the results we build upon without proof.
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The robotization of US armed forces between the years 2000-2011 and its perspectives untill 2020
Kudrec, Martin ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
This thesis analyzes the development of US armed forces robotization in the last decade as well as its perspectives in the current one. It analyzes the dynamics and main trends as well as quantitative and qualititive direction of this development. This analysis is based on and makes use of conceptual and notational framework of post-structural virtual theory of security proposed by Der Derian. The first part of the thesis provides theoretical and conceptual background and introduces the topic. It also deals with basic technological trends which influence the later update operationalization of the technologically-based theoretical framework and time framework of the thesis itself. The second part of the thesis addresses the very analysis of the US armed forces robotization based on the first part. The main aim of the thesis is to point out the development dynamics of the US armed forces robotization as a trend, as the thesis begins with the analyzing of the implementation of the first modern partially semi-autonomous robots in american equipment and ends with the analysis of plans for massive introduction of highly-autonomous, self-learning robotic systems and systems of systems with partial social, "ethical" and "moral" parameters. The last section of the thesis also addresses the basic security and...
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Recognition of Handwritten Digits
Štrba, Miroslav ; Španěl, Michal (referee) ; Herout, Adam (advisor)
Recognition of handwritten digits is a problem, which could serve as model task for multiclass recognition of image patterns. This thesis studies different kinds of algoritms (Self-Organizing Maps, Randomized tree and AdaBoost) and methods for increasing accuracy using fusion (majority voting, averaging log likelihood ratio, linear logistic regression). Fusion methods were used for combine classifiers with indentical train parameters, with different training methods and with multiscale input.
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Oxidation barriers prepared by electrochemical procedures
Mengyan, Tomáš ; Man, Ondřej (referee) ; Jan, Vít (advisor)
The presented bachelor thesis deals theoretically with use of anodization procedures for preparation of self-organized porous oxide layers on aluminium. The techniques leading to different pore structures are summarized and the use of porous anodic alumina in various applications of nanotechnology are mentioned. The thesis is composed as initial entry-level theroretical study for prospective experimental work in the field of porous anodic alumina.
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The conditions of university - educated mothers of little children re-entering the labour market in the Czech republic.
Bolinová, Petra ; Kotrusová, Miriam (advisor) ; Hejzlarová, Eva (referee)
Diploma thesis "The conditions of university - educated mothers of little children re- entering the labour market in the Czech republic" deals with reasons of long term interruption of qualified womens' career. The most frequently, they stay at home taking care of children three years, inspite of the fact, that they are motivated by their human capital and their need of self fulfillment to get back to their job as soon as possible. The thesis is based on the assumption that there is a substantial tension between work and family life of university - educated women. The thesis identifies which factors influence the period these women stay away the labour market. Besides a human capital, there is a frame of the family and institutional policy, a kind of household division of labour and culture context. The thesis focuses on tertiary - educated mothers' preference on their professional and household engagement. It also focuses on structural conditions in the labour market, institutional policy and the role of employer in reconciliation of work and family life. The thesis brings a contribution for its focus on university - educated women with their specific characteristics, and for its focus on employers' family - friendly activities.
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Current Trends within the State Support Credit Insurance System in the Czech Republic
Nakládal, Jiří ; Daňhel, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Fárek, Jiří (referee) ; Procházka, Jan (referee)
This dissertation offers a complex analysis of the state supported export credit market in the Czech Republic. For the most part of the work the author deals with credit insurance market as it represents a key part of the system. Author analyses portfolio specifics of the local export credit insurance agency and searches for the most effective risk mitigation techniques and procedures in order to maintain its long-term non-loss operations while keeping in mind its special supportive mission. Particular attention is given to the export credit insurance agency's business policy that copes with problems of information asymmetry, moral hazard and adverse selection. Author points out the differences between state supported and commercial insurers, analyses European legislation preventing export credit agencies from competition with commercial insurers and outlines more effective endogenous and self-regulating system. Minority of the work deals with less important export credit financing agency that represents a dominant player at the export credit financing market. Author finds almost twenty reasons of its extraordinary position at the market that has no analogy within developed countries worldwide and outlines a system securing its complement role to the commercial banks. Finally the author provides the analysis of the whole state supported export credit system, highlights its main risks in conjunction with each other and concludes that combination of negative circumstances influencing several important features of the system could possibly lead to a long-term instability of the system.
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Artificial neural networks and their application for 3D-data processing
Pihera, Josef ; Mrázová, Iveta (advisor) ; Holan, Tomáš (referee)
Neural networks represent a powerful means capable of processing various multi-media data. Two applications of artificial neural networks to 3D surface models are examined in this thesis - detection of significant features in 3D data and model classification. The theoretical review of existing self-organizing neural networks is presented and followed by description of feed-forward neural networks and convolutional neural networks (CNN). A novel modification of existing model - N-dimensional convolutional neural networks (ND- CNN) - is introduced. The proposed ND-CNN model is enhanced by an existing technique for enforced knowledge representation. The developed theoretical methods are assessed on supporting experiments with scanned 3D face models. The first experiment focuses on automatic detection of significant facial features while the second experiment performs classification of the models by their gender using the CNN and ND-CNN.
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The world of lost innocence in William Golding's novels
Vomáčková, Lenka ; Beran, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Clark, Colin Steele (referee)
This thesis focuses on William Golding and his depiction of humanity in his three novels - Lord of the Flies, Pincher Martin and Free Fall. Primarily, I am interested in the way his characters undertake their journey to self-knowledge and thus establish their own identity. This process of self-exploring is then described in terms of innocence, experience, guilt, spirituality and darkness. By scrutinising three levels of these novels - moral, social and religious (mystical) - I am going to establish certain patterns of Golding's philosophy, and thus reconstruct his view of mankind. As a result, I will present Golding as a moralist, sociologist and mystic. Golding himself reveals that he is interested in conveying his message concerning these issues to readers. In his collection of essays called A Moving Target he writes: "We, the storytellers, must produce a more bumbling truth and it has to be sought for in that extended cooperation that must go on between the novelist and his reader."1 Therefore, Golding puts his characters in dangerous, psychologically and physically extreme situations to make them confront their selves and describe their moral, social and religious attitudes. Virginia Tiger remarks on this technique: "A direct confrontation is made to occur between a character's centre (roughly...
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The Elements Influencing the Degree of the Right-Wing Extremism in the Czech Republic after 1989
Vaníček, Pavel ; Charvát, Jan (advisor) ; Novák, Miroslav (referee)
Diploma thesis "The Elements Influencing the Degree of the Right-Wing Extremism in the Czech Republic after 1989" deals both with the general right-wing extremism, with its historical development and his particular ideologies, and concretely with the situation in the Czech Republic after the Velvet Revolution and with his reasons, as well, and with it related solutions, how the right-wing extremism utmost to eliminate. It is interesting and edifying to get knowledge of, how in the period of modernizing, also especially in the nineteenth century, the western society commuted itself and what impacts this epoch had upon the human thinking and self-awaking. What trains of thought this emancipation ended in and what influence this all had upon the world history. Starting with the nationalism, that had been the cause of the fascism and consequently of the Nazism, and ending with the neofascism and neo-Nazism. After the year 1989 all these phenomenons had naturally marked impact upon the formation of the modern Czech extreme right, as well. Of course, the mentioned phenomenons are not coming just by themselves. They are always, more or less, conditioned on something. And rightly these conditioning, let us say understating, elements the work is dealing with, too. As well as with the suggestions of positive solution...
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Women's Free Will in the Caesarean Section Indication
Křepelka, Petr ; Payne, Jan (advisor) ; Šimek, Jiří (referee) ; Calda, Pavel (referee)
Currently, Caesarean section is the most commonly indicated procedure. The proportion of caesarean deliveries continues to rise and the spectrum of surgical indications has broadened dramatically. This contemplation focuses on the ethical dilemmas arising during the indication of a Caesarean section: a refusal of a Caesarean section by a pregnant woman when there is a rationally-empirical indication and an enforced Caesarean section. The importance of the woman free will in the process of operating indication closely relates to the issue of the Caesarean section upon request. The assessment of the ethical acceptability of the individual surgical indications is performed on the grounds of confrontation of the pregnant woman's dignity and the dignity of human fetus and subsequently by reflections on theoretical duties and resulting parental responsibilities on the one hand and the right to self-determination of a pregnant women on the other. The fetal dignity is given by its value, attributed to it by the pregnant woman and by the human society. It has always been inferior to the dignity of a pregnant woman. Determining of specific positive duties a pregnant woman has towards the fetus is a very controversial issue and it is impossible to codify them legally despite the unquestionable social character of a...
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