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Anthropological conceptualisations of sexual categories
Prokopík, Petr ; Vrhel, František (advisor) ; Uherek, Zdeněk (referee) ; Skupnik, Jaroslav (referee)
The thesis inquires into the possibilities which anthropological study has in attempting to conceptualise the rich manifestations of human sexuality. It discusses the problems of biological determination and normativity in the study of sexuality as well as its problems in cross-cultural applications. In examples of interpretation of well known phenomena such as "hijra", "two-spirit" and "ritual homosexuality" it demonstrates theoretical concepts of "third sex", "third gender", and "sexual lifeways" as possible tools of cross-cultural categorization. It presents an original field research investigating the formation of a specific new alternative sexual category within gay communities in three language contexts - Czech, English and German. Offering a situational analysis which concerns not only a description of cultural meanings and symbols known by actors, and an analyses of historical development, but also offers an interpretation of actors subjectivity displayed in individual motivations, desires and meanings created and used by actors. It endeavours to give a reflection of relations between sexual category and individual motivations during the process of accepting sexual identity and forming an alternative sexual category.
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Lifetime Financial Planning and Associated Risks
Janečková, Barbora ; Vaníček, Karel (advisor) ; Hurt, Jan (referee)
This thesis deals with investment models and with their extensions involving human capital. We mention classic models known from modern portfolio theory, Markowitz model and Capital asset pricing model.We define conception of human capital, describe it's three specific risks and introduce models which deal with the three risks. Then we focuse on one of the mentioned models, we use theory of copulas to extend the model. For purpose of this extension the thesis contains basic definitions and properties of copula functions. Then we show the algorithm of choosing best-fit copula by using concrete data and make up an example to demonstrate the difference in allocation advice obtained from the original and the extended model.
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The repair of the oxidative DNA damage and its relationship to the cytotoxic effect of the oxidants.
Havlínová, Alena ; Herink, Josef (advisor) ; Hochmann, Jiří (referee)
H2O2 is a strong oxidant and therefore affects all cell structures. Especially the oxidative damage of DNA is known as being very severe. It is considered to be contributing cause of carcinogenesis, mutagenesis and aging. Our work is focused on the relationship between cytotoxic effect of H2O2 and the repair of oxidative DNA damage caused by H2O2. We also studied the effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Several studies have already proven its protective activity on DNA in particular concentrations. In our experiments we used the test of cytotoxicity to demonstrate the colony forming inhibition and the comet assay test which measures the number of single strand breaks (SSB) in 109 daltons of DNA. Generally we used cells of line AA8 and in one experiment also NER deficient cells of line UV-20. We found out that EGCG in concentrations of 12,5 and 25 μg/ml significantly protects the cells against cytotoxic effects of H2O2. When we followed the repair of the oxidative DNA damage, we have found that EGCG did not affect the repair of direct DNA breaks, but the repair of oxidised pyrimidines and purines was accelerated. And this acceleration is probably largely responsible for the protection against cytotoxic effect of H2O2. However, the EGCG function of free radical scavenger and iron ions chelator...
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Towards understanding the culture of the Rif Berbers
Doležalová, Kateřina ; Soukup, Václav (referee) ; Czumalo, Vladimír (advisor)
This thesis is focused on the Moroccan people, known as the Rif Berbers. Berbers were Morocco's first inhabitants, they are spread over the country, from the Rif mountains in the north to the Atlas mountains and the desert in the south. Berbers are still the majority today, accounting for about 60 percent of Morocco's 30 million citizens. But they are treated like a minority by the members of the dominant Arab culture. The interdisciplinary study explores some aspects of the way of life of the Rif Berbers and uniqueness of their culture, which is mostly threatened by poverty. Chapter 10 examines also the cannabis cultivation in the Rif region. Apart from my bibliographical research, I also conducted some additional interviews and observations for my thesis (September 2004 - January 2008).
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A view of the society in the novel of Camilo José Cela La familia de Pascual Duarte
Kýnová, Jana ; Sánchez Fernández, Juan Antonio (referee) ; Fousek, Michal (advisor)
For my thesis I investigate the negative social phenomena described in Camilo José Cela's novel, "La familia de Pascual Duarte" [Pascual Duarte's Family] (1942), namely the existentialist feelings of an individual, violence and crime, cynicism and indifference, the submisive role of women in society and machismo. After analyzing the circumstances and motivations of the characters, I present a brief portrayal of peasant life in Southern Spain around the time of the Civil War. My analysis demonstrates that there is a close interrelationship among the social phenomena listed above, since ultimately they derive from the same root factors. My paper examines the unique nature of this rural community, its customs and particularly its moral values. Individual pride and prestige are key virtues, but they rest solely on the opinions of one's neighbors in the community. Under the surface there is only hypocrisy, prejudice and malice. The characters in the novel are biased and superstitious. They blindly accept the reality of miracles and supernatural phenomena, as well as foreboding omens. A harsh and cruel feudalism still overshadows the country, reflecting its inhabitants' primitivism and lack of culture. The community's struggle to provide the basic necessities to all its members precludes the possibility that the...
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The influence of surrealism on the Czech theatre in the twenties and thirties of the 20th century
Budařová, Jana ; Just, Vladimír (referee) ; Herman, Josef (advisor)
The study analyzes the influence of surrealism on the Czech theatre in the twenties and the thirties of the 20th century. Surrealism is a style in which fantastic visual imagery from the subconscious mind is used with no intention of making the artwork logically comprehensible. Founded by Andre Breton in 1924, it was a primarily European movement which attracted many members of the Dada movement. The Czech Surrealist circle was made up of many of the prominent artists, including Jindřich Štyrský, Jindřich Honzl, Vítězslav Nezval, Karel Teige, František Muzika, Toyen. The study tried to analyze the influence of surrealism on the dramatic art, the direction, plays and scenography and demonstrate how surrealism change the creation of Vítězslav Nezval, František Muzika, Emil František Burian, Jindřich Štyrský and Jindřich Honzl.
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Eating Habits of Ten Years Old Children and BMI
Kielkowská, Helena ; Vaníčková, Eva (advisor)
In the Czech Republic and in other developed countries to meet with the increase of obesity in childhood . In 1992 in America shows 17-22 % children with higher amounts of fat than the corresponding 97 percentile of the standard ( 2 ) . Obesity is the serious the sooner an individual appears . It is known that 80% of obese children remain obese in adulthood. Childhood and adult obesity carries serious health risks that require a lot of financial expenses for therapy and despite the fact that obesity can simple and inexpensive preventive methods to avoid . For prevention of obesity is necessary to know the distribution of vulnerable people in the population and their lifestyles , which predisposes to obesity . Based on knowledge of the difference in eating habits and physical habits obese and normal population , it is possible to draw a conclusion mapping the most fundamental errors in the living habits of obese patients. Appropriate collaboration and education obese and their families can contribute to the reduction weight and thus reduce the health risks. Already a weight reduction of 5 % has demonstrable effect on improving the health status of the patient. Appropriate education of the whole population , especially children of First Instance , which are often already overweight should be increasing the...
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The role of lipids and ROS in cardioprotective mechanism of chronic hypoxia
Balková, Patricie ; Nováková, Olga (advisor) ; Drahota, Zdeněk (referee) ; Šmíd, František (referee)
The role of lipids and ROS in cardioprotective mechanism of chronic hypoxia Cardiovascular diseases, mainly ischemic heart disease is one of the most frequently cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Therefore effective protection of the heart against ischemia and reperfusion injury is the crucial aim of experimental and clinical cardiology. One of the main streams of cardiovascular research is looking for possibilities of natural heart resistance augmentation. Adaptation to chronic hypoxia is one possibility how to protect the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Chronic hypoxia increases resistance of the myocardium to acute deficiency of oxygen leading to vetricular arrythmias, postischemic contractile dysfunction and necrotic changes in the tissue. Recently, it has been shown that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in the cardioprotective mechanism of chronic hypoxia. It is known that oxidative stress has a harmful effect in acute ischemia-reperfusion however ROS generated during the adaptation to hypobaric intermittent chronic hypoxia play a role in the induction of cardioprotection. In this study, we demonstrated that adaptation of adult rats to chronic hypoxia increased the activity and protein abundance of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in the...
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Mapping the Individual Musical Experience in Post-Apartheid South Africa: A Bio-Ethnography of Township Dweller Lesiba Samuel Kadiaka
Zdrálek, Vít ; Matoušek, Vlastislav (advisor) ; Lucia, Christine Elizabeth (referee) ; Horáková, Hana (referee)
The dissertation is a biographical ethnography of an individual, ordinary musician and Mamelodi township dweller, Lesiba Samuel Kadiaka (*1962) in South Africa. It is based largely on fieldwork totalling more than 12 months conducted in five periods over six years between 2006 and 2011. It examines the possibilities of studying an average (rather than 'leading') musician ethnographically and their implications and consequences for wider ethnomusicological and South African music research. It makes a practical contribution to the wider debate about the relationship between individual, social, and cultural structures, and breaks new ground in its focus on the previously little known music and practices of Mr. Kadiaka's church, the Zion Christian Church. The research consisted mainly of ethnographic observations of various kinds of musical activities in which Mr. L. S. Kadiaka was involved in as a solo musician (songwriter and song singer) and as a member of the ZCC, on the one hand, and of deep interviews over the time span of six years, on the other. It consists of a biographical part dealing with his narratives about childhood in rural Ga-Mphahlele and his later life in Mamelodi township. Iconographic historical sources of a private nature are use too. The second part describes in three large...
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Frantisek Gel
Křenová, Kateřina ; Köpplová, Barbara (advisor) ; Tomášek, Dušan (referee)
This diploma thesis refers about a famous Czech journalist Frantisek Gel (his own name was Frantisek Feigel) who lived in 1901-1972. After his unfinished studies he wrote for a weekly Soudni sin (Court room) for a while. Then he spent nine years (1924-1933) as a reporter of Lidove noviny, a very important Czech daily newspaper. In 1933 Gel left for Melantrich press. Melantrich at the time was the biggest publishing house in Czechoslovakia. As the World War II started, Gel left for France and became a member of Czech armed forces. While France was occupied byNazis, he came to Great Britain where he worked as a War correspondent. After WW 1I he started to work for the Czechoslovak Radio. He became very popular and famous for his Nurenberg processes' reports in 1946 and 1947. Then he broadcasted Bila kronika (White chronicles) programme. It referred about the brave and nice things people did to each other. Aftera year spent in a diplomatics he started to write the well-known radio programmes which popularized science and history. He retired in 1953. Two years later he started to teach journalism at the Charles University. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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