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The role of caspase 2 in apoptosis induction in tumor cells.
Schmiedlová, Martina ; Horníková, Lenka (referee) ; Kovář, Jan (advisor)
Within the cell, caspase-2 probably fulfills several functions. Caspase-2 can be involved in apoptosis induction, DNA repair as well as cell cycle regulation. Caspase-2 has the character of initiator and also executioner caspase. A stimulus for caspase 2 activation can be oxidative stress or DNA damage. Caspase-2 is activated by cleavadge during an interaction with protein complexes. One of protein complexes,i.e. PIDDosome, is made of protein PIDD, RAIDD and pro-caspase-2. Withine the PIDDosome, caspase-2 is activated. Activated caspase-2 occures in a short S form and in long L form. L form of caspase-2 has proapoptotic effects and S form of caspase-2 has antiapoptotic effects. Caspase-2S has been only detected on mRNA level but not on protein level. The main role of caspase-2L is apoptosis induction in normal and tumor cells. Caspase-2 in tumour cells is activated by extrinstic as well as intristic apoptotic pathway. Apoptosis induction by caspase-2 is for example studied in connection with breast cancer treatment with taxanes. Caspase-2 ability of apoptosis induction in cancer cells independently of p53 protein is employed in cancer treatment including overcoming the resistance to apoptosis induction which is based on loosing p53 activity. Caspase-2 is involved in apoptosis induction by different...
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Misleading Commercial Practices with a Focus on Intellectual Property Rights Infringements
Málková, Lucie ; Horová, Olga (advisor) ; Klečka, Jiří (referee)
This master's thesis deals with a topical subject of intellectual property rights infringements as an example of a misleading commercial practice. The aim of the theoretical part is an analysis of the available data covering the topic. The paper also contains Czech and European statistics of goods infringing intellectual property rights. The thesis then focuses mainly on the issue of an illegal alcohol trade. The objective of the practical part is an analysis of consumer preferences and behaviour of Prague residents in the purchase and consumption of spirits. Another objective is an analysis of a change of consumer preferences and behaviour of Prague residents as an impact of recently revealed cases of a sell of harmful alcohol. The objectives are met via a quantitative questionnaire survey.
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Preliminary measures and receiving evidence
Drbohlavová, Šárka ; Winterová, Alena (advisor) ; Frintová, Dita (referee)
This rigorous work deals with institute of preliminary measures and institute of receiving evidence, which has been handled at second Catch of first Part of Rules of Civil Procedure. The preliminary measures have provisory function in the time prior to a decision is passed or more precisely prior to force of law of this decision or even on a very start of legal process, i.e. in the time when there does not exist any decision about the law which will be ensured by a court in the future. The preliminary measures can be ordered by the court on the proposal in the time when there arose a need to provisionally treat the interrelations between party to an action or in the case if there is a doubt that the execution of a judgment could be threatened. The description of the preliminary measures is exemplarily described in the provision of Section 76. Rules of Civil Procedure among others govern special types of the preliminary measures: the provision of Section 76a preliminary measure in the case of minors and the provision of Section 76b preliminary measure in the case of domestic abuse. The preliminary measures are also governed in special laws such as Act on Insolvency and Its Resolution No. 182/2006 Coll., Family Act No. 94/1963 Coll., Asylum Act No. 325/1999 Coll. The procedure in which the court decides about...
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Nutrigenetic and nutrigenomic aspects at selected pathological states
Krupková, Lucie ; Klusoňová, Hana (referee) ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor)
DIPLOMA THESIS Nutrigenetic and nutrigenomic aspects at selected pathological states. Mentor of Diploma Thesis: PharmDr. Miloslav Hronek, Ph.D. Lucie Krupková, 2010 Abstract The effect of nutrition to human health is undisputable. Certain dietary compounds can influence each of us in different ways. Although people have almost identical genome, there are imperceptible diffenrences that make us unique. This uniqueness is shown in different responses to specific nutrients. The matter of diet, genes and gen-diet interactions are solved by two developing scientific disciplines - nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics. Nutrigenomics aims to determine the influence of common dietary ingredients on the genome, and attempts to relate the resulting different phenotypes to differences in the cellular and genetic response of the biological system. Nutrigenetics identifies and characterizes gene variants associated with differential responses to nutrients, and relates these variants to disease states. Scientific research is focused primarily on chronic diseases including obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus type 2 and cancer. The onset of the diseases is caused by enviromental factors on the one hand, and by individual's genotype on the other hand. Nutrigenetics searches for candidates' genes whose...
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Liability for damage in case law
Kulišová, Magdaléna ; Pichrt, Jan (referee) ; Drápal, Ljubomír (advisor)
78 Résumé: Liability for damage in the practise of the courts The purpose of my thesis is to analyze liability for damage in the Czech labour law in the view of the practise of the courts. The study is focused mainly on employee's and employer's General liability, then on the Liability for a shortfall of things entrusted to an employee and the Liability for damage to deposited items. The reason for my research is ambiguous use of this judicial institute and possibility of application of existing judicature in conditions of the new Labour Code. The thesis is composed of eleven chapters; each of them is dealing with various aspects of liability in general and chosen kinds of liability in labour law. First chapter is introductory and defines the structure of the thesis and individual chapters. Chapter two defines the conception of the liability in general and it's aims, which characterise it's function in labour law. Chapter three deals with various kinds of liability and is divided into five parts, each deal with separate kind of liability. Chapter four compares relevant the Czech Labour Code and the former Labour Code. The goal of this chapter is to prove that existing judicature can be applied in conditions of the new Labour Code. It highlights main changes in the Liability for damage and compensation of...
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The relationship between direct regulation of an international sales contract and that under the conflict-of-law rules
Holý, Václav ; Brodec, Jan (referee) ; Kučera, Zdeněk (advisor)
The relationship between direct regulation of an international sales contract and that under the conflict of laws rules (Master's degree thesis) Abstract The purpose of my thesis is to analyse the relation between the regulation based on the CISG and the regulations based on the conflict of laws rules. The reason for my research is the important role that the unified CISG regulation plays in the international commerce and the complicated legal issues connected with its sphere of application in particular at the moment, when the nature of conflict of laws rules changes throughout Europe. My thesis is based mainly on foreign sources, German, English and Spanish in particular. It includes a representative sample of relevant court decisions and arbitral awards as well. Czech sources are used especially when dealing with theoretical and general question. Occasionally some Czech court decisions are included. The thesis is composed of three chapters, proceeding from the general issues to the specific ones. Chapter One deals with the most general questions of relation between CISG and conflict of laws rules. The chapter is subdivided into four parts. Part One describes the relation between CISG and conflict of laws rules in respect of their legal power and explains that CISG has to be applied before the conflict of...
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The prescribed (registered) capital of limited companies, its creation and protection
Kopecký, Přemysl ; Zahradníčková, Marie (referee) ; Černá, Stanislava (advisor)
Resume Registered capital of a capital company and its creation and protection The dissertation work deals with one of the most important institutes of contemporary company law which is registered capital of a capital company and its creation and protection. The institute of registered capital has developed in historical consequences and still develops. The ideas of the registered capital of a joint stock company and its creation and protection as well as the ideas of functions which registered capital should undertake inside and outside the company and principles which should be followed for this purpose have stabilized within the European (continental) legal culture in an opinion scheme which can be generally called "a doctrine about a creation and maintenance of registered capital". The principles undertaken by this doctrine are anchored in the laws of the countries of the European (continental) legal culture mainly by cogent rules of law. The aforesaid doctrine has been a subject of polemic at the experts level and there has long time been an endeavour about a revision of this relatively stable system with reference to its imperfections. There is an alternative concept of company's capital existing in the countries of Anglo-American legal culture which chooses different approaches to the securing of...
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Liability of an employer for damage
Valná, Zuzana ; Štefko, Martin (advisor) ; Hůrka, Petr (referee)
Resume This diploma work is geared to one of the distinguish part of the Employment law - The employer's liability for damage and its comparison with representative countries of European Union. At first place I've chosen for comparison the representative of anglo-american law system - Great Britain. Another state that I've selected for detailed matching is Slovakia which law system is based on the mutual basis of Czechoslovakia state. Other Member States of EU are touch on, except the Chapter about liability for industrial injury and professional diseases. In this chapter there is a view of more European states, with some glance into the countries outside EU and complete construction of damages this specific harms on health for their own importance. In constituent chapters I concentrate on categorization of the responsibility in Employment law as sub-category of Liability, its evolution with focus on the protective elements of employment legislation and on interpretation of this therm as one of the fundamental institute of law. The following chapters enumerate the types of liability which we can encounted in Employment Law and introduce their further explanation, the sense and separation to the various point of view, especially in accordance with types of injuries. The decision point of this diploma is...
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Tax duties relating to the transfer of real property
Král, František ; Vondráčková, Pavlína (advisor) ; Boháč, Radim (referee)
Závěr Cílem této diplomové práce bylo nastínit elementární daňové povinnosti, vznikající s převodem nemovitostí a v závislosti na úvaze autora, pak poskytnout v jednotlivých kapitolách dostatečný prostor pro jejich detailnější a hlubší prozkoumání. Dostatečný prostor byl věnován dani z převodu nemovitosti, dani z přidané hodnoty a dani z nemovitosti. Kapitola byla též věnována dani z příjmu fyzických a právnických osob. Nastíněná problematika daně z příjmu fyzických a právnických osob je však natolik složitá a obsáhlá, že nebyla předmětem této diplomové práce, ale byla pouhým zmíněním základních institutů tohoto daňové odvětví. Mimo výše uvedené, byla v diplomové práci věnována kapitola katastru nemovitostí a právního institutu vlastnictví, včetně nastínění možností převodu (přechodu) vlastnického práva. Autor si je vědom provázanosti a složitosti právních předpisů související s uvedenou problematikou, která však svojí rozsáhlostí zlehka překračuje hranice a úroveň podrobnosti této diplomové práce. Ve světle popsaných daňových povinností přistupující k převodu nemovitosti, se dle autorova názoru, jeví současný platný právní stav (de lege lata) z praktického hlediska a z pohledu jaké by právo mělo být (de lege ferenda) jako nevhodný. Jde zejména o ustanovení daně z nemovitosti a daně z převodu nemovitosti....
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Social Interaction in an Age-heterogeneous Group in a Nursery School and the After-School Activities of Primary School
Barancová, Iva ; Koťátková, Soňa (advisor) ; Havlová, Jana (referee)
Cílem mé práce je nahlédnout blíže, co přináší dětem vzájemné ovlivňování mladších a starších dětí při hře i při řízené činnosti, jaké vztahy se mezi těmito dětmi utvářejí, jaké postavení dítě ve skupině svým chováním a jednáním získává a také jak se umí k případným problémům samo postavit. Se sociální interakcí se člověk potýká celý život, protože bývá odmalička v kontaktu s lidmi, nejdříve jemu blízkými, poté s vrstevníky a učiteli, pak v partě mladých lidí a nakonec jako dospělý v běžném či pracovním životě. Uvědomuji si, jak je důležité pro úspěšný start dítěte do života obecně a do dětského kolektivu konkrétně jeho kladné přijetí rodinou a jakým příkladem jsou mu jeho rodiče. Po získání pocitu jistoty a bezpečí v rodině se dítě postupně osamostatňuje a je schopné navazovat kontakty s dalšími lidmi mimo rodinu, především s vrstevníky. Velmi tedy záleží na úrovni stability a osobní vyrovnanosti každého jedince. Po úvaze nad položenými otázkami jsem dospěla k názoru, že bych měla vychovávat především děti ohleduplné, citlivé, které budou schopny spolupracovat, budou se umět prosadit či přizpůsobit. Míra úspěšnosti dítěte se stává součástí osobní identity a ovlivňuje dětské prožívání i chování. Dnešní doba si žádá průbojné, flexibilní typy lidí, které umí rychle a správně jednat a umí se dobře vyrovnat se...
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