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Literary shape of conception of existence in production of F. M. Dostojevsky and A. Camus
Žabová, Iveta ; Blažková, Miloslava (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee)
In its complexity, human existence cannot be systematised and generalised into a compact concept. Existentialists are those who devoted themselves to Human individuality and phenomena fundamentally related, such as life, death, freedom, absurdity etc. However, considering the specifics of the philosophy of existentialism, it is not possible to only consider philosophers as the only bearers of this intellectual approach, but it is necessary to include certain individuals of world literature in this movement. The concept of human existence has transformed itself in various ways in their philosophy and works. Once it was dominated by the existence of God, to whom it was necessary to set one's mind on, at other times it was thrown into the bleakness and futility of a world without hope. However, the central topic was the same in each of them, the subject that is closest to us people, however, the subject that will always be the great unknown, regardless of the genial thoughts of Sören Kierkegaard, Martin Heidegger, Fjodor Michajlovič Dostojevsky and Albert Camus - the topic of mankind and its place in the world.
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Signifying in the fiction of Charles W. Chesnutt
Koy, Christoper Erwin ; Ulmanová, Hana (advisor) ; Veselá, Pavla (referee) ; Jařab, Josef (referee)
(English): The dissertation is fundamentally a study of intertextuality. Charles W. Chesnutt (1858-1932) was an African American novelist, essayist and short story writer whose voracious reading habits of classical Western literature as well as the writing of his contemporaries had a substantial impact on his writing, an impact which is investigated for the first time applying the theory of African American rhetoric of Henry Louis Gates. The study applies the notion of "signifying" (as Gates describes it in The Signifying Monkey) to Chesnutt and his use of fiction by Ovid, Apulieus, Walter Scott, William Makepeace Thackeray, George Washington Cable and Albion Tourgée. The research explores how Chesnutt quotes from, revises and parodies, (among other mimetic strategies), the language, plots and characters of the aforementioned writers. Abstrakt (česky): Tato disertační práce se zabývá studiem intertextuality v díle afroamerického autora románů, esejí a povídek Charlese W. Chesnutta (1858-1932), který byl ve své tvorbě významně ovlivněn vlastní horlivou četbou klasické západní literatury i literární tvorbou svých současníků. Tato disertace je prvním pokusem o prozkoumání těchto vlivů, a to s využitím teorie afroamerické rétoriky, jejímž autorem je Henry Louis Gates. Práce aplikuje pojem "signifikace"...
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The semiotic specifics of the postmodern works of art
Fronková, Markéta ; Šmahelová, Hana (advisor) ; Vojvodík, Josef (referee) ; Málek, Petr (referee)
The concept of "postmodernity" has become widespread at various contemporary fields of science. It seems to be linked to the philosophical area of thinking in the first place, but the transdisciplinal aspect of this notion is more than obvious. The beginning of the postmodern period is, not surprisingly, a topic for numerous discussions. As to the determination of the beginning of postmodernism, this project inclines to a hypothesis of J.-F. Lyotard, who puts an approximate initiation of postmodernism to the end of 1950s. Though, the fact that the situation is not typical for the Czech literature must be taken into an account. The main focus of this project (although it is concerned with approaches of other areas, for example fine arts) is on the field of literary studies, especially on semiotics. It would be quite misleading and restricting to try to make an exact definition of postmodernism in literature. This is the reason, why the project is conceived as an open consideration and a reflection on postmodernism, with a stress on the semiotic point of view. The chief aim of the project is to analyse concrete texts (in some cases also visual works) often "labeled" by critics as "postmodern" and to seek for the specifics they have in common, especially on the level of semiotic structure. The analysis should...
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Archeozoology of the Czech Eneolithic
Kyselý, René ; Horáček, Ivan (advisor) ; Beneš, Jaromír (referee) ; Mlíkovský, Jiří (referee)
This dissertation is a contribution to the understanding of animal history and the relationship between man and animal during the Eneolithic, i.e. spanning the period ca 4500 - 2200 BC. The Eneolithic period differs from the Neolithic in more respects. Traditionally the development of metallurgy (copper) is considered as the primary cause of social economic changes; however Sherratt's theory of a "secondary products revolution" points at the fundamental relevance of a rapid change from the use of primary animal products (meat, skin etc.) to the use of secondary products (milk, wool, labour, mainly yoke) precisely in the period corresponding with the Bohemian Eneolithic. Nevertheless this theory is still being discussed and criticised and, considering possible mosaic nature of the palaeoeconomic situation, it should first be verified at local and regional levels. The author of this thesis analysed in detail ca. 49 500 osteological finds from archaeological settlements in Bohemia, from which ca 13 500 could be zoologically closely determined. Further data were adopted from publications of Czech and Moravian sites (ca. 22 000 finds, from which 11 000 were determinable). This material was subjected to detailed archaeozoological analysis with a unified methodology and techniques covering taphonomy,...
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Powers of the Constitutional Court of the CR and the Federal Constitutional Court of the Federal Republic of Germany (a comparison)
Ladýřová, Šárka ; Jirásková, Věra (advisor) ; Suchánek, Radovan (referee)
(abstrakt v anglickém jazyce) The main contents of this dissertation (diploma paper) is a study of jurisdiction of The Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic and of The Federal Constitutional Court of Germany and their comparison. The first part of this work describes in brief the genesis of the constitutional jurisdiction and its two basic types. Afterwards there is characterized the constitutional jurisdiction in Germany and in the Czech Republic and next there is described legal regulation and organisation of the German and Czech constitutional courts. Further I deal with the jurisdiction of constitutional courts (of european continental type) in general. In the second part of this work, first I give a general idea about jurisdiction of the German and Czech constitutional courts. After it I already deal with analysis of their single, selected competences - in the concrete: regulation control (judicial review), constitutional complaint, judicial review of international conventions and questions of jurisdiction. I have not focused on the other competences, which the both constitutional courts dispose of. Firstly there is no need to analyse them for the sake of insight into the problem, secondly there should be kept adequate range of this work. The third part results from the analysis of the...
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Impact of the European and Czech legislation on the usage of information technology in companies (IT-Compliance) with particular reference to data protection
Javorková, Kristina ; Holcová, Irena (advisor) ; Křesťanová, Veronika (referee)
The scope of this thesis is to explain the term "compliance" as a relatively new legal issue companies (and especially their legal departments) worldwide have to deal with. The focus lies on IT compliance and its potential for the protection of intellectual property rights, since these rights are an easy object of violation caused by the negligence of the company's employees. The the thesis discusses the origin and the definition of compliance and IT compliance and the most important legal documents and regulations related to compliance (Sarbanes Oxley Act, EuroSOX, Basel II and the relevant data protection acts). Finally, the relationship of compliance, IT compliance and intellectual property rights is demonstrated together with the idea of future need and possible obligation to protect data and intellectual property rights by means of mandatory configuration of available company's information technologies infrastructure. Eventually, to exemplify this functional interaction, an example of state's contribution to a lawfull implementation of IT is presented on an example of Germany's Federal Office for Informational Security and the federal data protection law in particular.
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Sigma-porous sets and the differentiation theory
Koc, Martin
of the dissertation thesis Title: Sigma-porous sets and the differentiation theory Author: Martin Koc Department: Department of mathematical analysis Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Luděk Zajíček, DrSc., Department of mathematical analysis Abstract: The thesis consists of five research articles. In the first one, it is shown that there exists a closed upper porous (in a strong sense) subset of a nonempty, topolo- gically complete metric space without isolated points that is not σ-lower porous (in a weak sense). In the second article, a new notion of porosity with respect to a measure, that generalizes the upper porosity of a measure, is introduced. Several natural definitions of this notion are investigated. The main result of this chapter is a decomposition theorem for sets that are σ-porous with respect to a measure. The third article deals with sets of points at which arbitrary real functions are Lipschitz from one side and not Lipschitz from another side. A full characterization of the system generated by sets of this type is proved. In the fourth article, several results on relations among metric derived numbers for functions with values in metric spaces are shown. The last chapter deals with existence of differentiable extensions for functions defined on closed subsets of Rn . Its main result...
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Property consequences of the divorce of marriage
Šťastná, Jana ; Salač, Josef (advisor) ; Švestka, Jiří (referee)
The topic of this thesis is "Property consequences of the divorce of marriage". I have chosen this topic because of the high number of divorces that are filed for. This thesis characterises the two main property consequences of divorce, the settlement of community property of spouses and the settlement of common household of spouses. The purpose of the thesis is to compare the current legislation, contained in the Civil code from 1964 with the proposal of the new Civil code, analyse the advantages and disadvantages of both acts and express my opinion on it. The thesis is composed of eight chapters. Chapter One is introductory and defines the purpose of this thesis. Chapter Two defines the term "divorce", its three types and consequences of divorce. Chapter Three illustrates the conception of property relationships between spouses in the past. Chapter Four defines the term "community property of spouses", its consent, extent and modification. The most important and key chapters are Chapter Five and Chapter Six. Chapter Five is subdivided into seven parts and it deals with the settlement of the community property of spouses. It introduces various solutions how the community property can be divided between spouses after their divorce. Chapter Six focuses on the settlement of common household of...
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Signifying in the fiction of Charles W. Chesnutt
Koy, Christoper Erwin ; Ulmanová, Hana (advisor) ; Veselá, Pavla (referee) ; Jařab, Josef (referee)
(English): The dissertation is fundamentally a study of intertextuality. Charles W. Chesnutt (1858-1932) was an African American novelist, essayist and short story writer whose voracious reading habits of classical Western literature as well as the writing of his contemporaries had a substantial impact on his writing, an impact which is investigated for the first time applying the theory of African American rhetoric of Henry Louis Gates. The study applies the notion of "signifying" (as Gates describes it in The Signifying Monkey) to Chesnutt and his use of fiction by Ovid, Apulieus, Walter Scott, William Makepeace Thackeray, George Washington Cable and Albion Tourgée. The research explores how Chesnutt quotes from, revises and parodies, (among other mimetic strategies), the language, plots and characters of the aforementioned writers. Abstrakt (česky): Tato disertační práce se zabývá studiem intertextuality v díle afroamerického autora románů, esejí a povídek Charlese W. Chesnutta (1858-1932), který byl ve své tvorbě významně ovlivněn vlastní horlivou četbou klasické západní literatury i literární tvorbou svých současníků. Tato disertace je prvním pokusem o prozkoumání těchto vlivů, a to s využitím teorie afroamerické rétoriky, jejímž autorem je Henry Louis Gates. Práce aplikuje pojem "signifikace"...
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Members of individual types of business company
Štěrba, Petr ; Horáček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Štenglová, Ivanka (referee)
Resumé RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF MEMBERS OF INDIVIDUAL FORMS OF BUSINESS COMPANIES This dissertation concentrates on the differences between the status of the members of the particular forms of business companies. The first chapter introduces into the basic institution as business company, member of a business company and share of business company in relation of rights an duties of members. In second chapter I aim to selected rights and duties generally. The overview is focused on the selected rights and duties of the members, which are: obligation to pay up the contribution, right to participate of the business company, right for the profit of the business company, obligation to bear the loss of the company, the duty to be liable for the obligations of the company. I also pay attention to the selected rights and duties of members of business companies which is being married. It caused specific relations, which I focused on. I founded several related interpreting problems in particular regulations there. The rights and duties of the members of business companies depend especially on whether character of the business company is personal company or capital company. The third part gives a overview of the particular forms of the business companies regarding to selected rights and obligations. The particular forms...
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