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Water retention: water balance of a model area
Kalianková, Kateřina ; Weiss, Tomáš (advisor) ; Vlček, Lukáš (referee)
Water retention in the landscape is a relatively broad topic and the are a number of measures that can be applied to achieve increased water retention. This thesis focuses on water reservoirs and nature- friendly measures in the form of revitalized watercourses. The aim of this work is based on a simplified calculation of the water balance in a model area to determine which of the retention measures is more appropriate for a given situation and conditions. The water balance is based mainly on the calculation of evapotranspiration using the FAO Penman-Monteith equation. The first part of the work contains a review of water balance and factors that affect it. The work also deals with selected retention measures and their functions during drought and flood events. The second part contains the calculation of evapotranspiration, determination of water balance, and its evaluation. From the view of the evaporation values, the presented calculations show the deep water reservoirs to be the most advantageous, in which evaporation in the model area is the lowest from all presented situations. The work also points out the importance of evapotranspiration as an element of water balance and recommends determining it for the initial approximation of the local situation during the planning of retention measures....
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Development of the monitoring of forest health state under Life+ “FutMon” project in the Czech Republic: Data 2009 – 2011
Boháčová, Ludmila ; Lomský, Bohumír ; Šrámek, Vít ; Buriánek, V. ; Čapek, M. ; Fabiánek, P. ; Fadrhonsová, V. ; Hellebrandová, K. ; Lachmanová, Z. ; Novotný, R. ; Vortelová, L.
Systematic and periodical monitoring of forest health state in the Czech Republic (2009-2011).
Fulltext:  PDF
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Adaptations of terrestrial arthropods and especially arachnids to arid environmental conditions
Byronová, Markéta ; Starostová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Opatová, Věra (referee)
The biggest problem that terrestrial animals have to deal with is the risk of dehydration. Water is lost by evaporation during respiration and through the body surface, during excretion and various secretions. Terrestrial animals developed various physiological, morphological and behavioral adaptations against water loss. This work summarizes the knowledge about adaptations against water loss in arthropods in arid environmental conditions. It focuses on arachnids and especially on scorpions, which are widespread in arid areas and show high resistance to extreme desert conditions. The work examines the influence of environmental conditions on physiological processes in the body, morphological adaptations and behavioral changes. It defines specific adaptations of scorpions and describes in more detail the role of the hepatopancreas in maintaining the balance of fluids in the body and the subsequent changes in the osmolarity of hemolymph. Key words: evaporation, aridity, water balance, arthropods, arachnids, scorpion
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Soil water regime of reclaimed and unreclaimed post mining heaps
Cejpek, Jiří
This PhD thesis compares the water regime of reclaimed and unreclaimed spoil heaps after brown coal mining, with special regard to the development of hydrological properties of soils, which are determinant for the movement and retention of water in the soil. The basic influence on the supply of soil water has the technology of pouring the spoil heaps and aging, which co-regulates the development of vegetation. During the development of soil's spoil heaps increases field water capacity and water retention, but also increases the wilting point. These changes are related to the accumulation of organic matter in the soil and the degradation of claystones to particle size of physical clay. The development of the ability of the spoil heaps soils to bind water is greater in reclaimed areas, where the upper organomineral horizon develops more rapidly, but there is also a wilting point and water consumption. On unreclaimed area, the soil substrate develops more slowly. Overall, the differences in water regime between reclaimed and unreclaimed areas are small.
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COMPARISON OF ACTUAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION FROM ALEXI AND SOILCLIM MODELS
Jurečka, František ; Hlavinka, Petr ; Lukas, Vojtěch ; Trnka, Miroslav ; Anderson, M. ; Hain, C. ; Balek, Jan ; Bláhová, Monika ; Žalud, Zdeněk
Actual evapotranspiration (ETa) determined by the Atmosphere-land Exchange Inverse (ALEXI) model and water balance model SoilClim was compared for selected districts of the Czech Republic. The ALEXI model uses the land surface temperature (LST) from remote sensing and provides information on ETa and subsequently the surface moisture status. The SoilClim is a dynamic model of watcr content in soil and represents a model based on water balance approach. The current version of the model is able to estimate the value of ETa, as well as soil moisture content in two layers of the soil profile. Investigated period of ETa comparison were years 2014 and 2015. Especially the year 2015 had a special relevance due to the significant summer drought that occurred in CR. Model performance was compared for the period when changes in vegetation are most significant from April to August. Week sums of ETa from both models were compared at the district level for Vysodina, JihomorayskY and Olomouck, regions. The ETa values were generally higher from ALEXI as compared to SoilClim. ALEXI values were in some cases even two or three time higher. Moreover, the seasonal dynamics showed sometimes opposite trends. As this is a pilot testing of ALEXI based ETa in the conditions of Central Europe and show large differences as compared to well established methods, more detailed testing is required prior drawing any general conclusions.
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Managed artificial recharge as a tool to eliminate negative impacts of climate change.
Kvašňovský, Tomáš ; Hrkal, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Rozman, David (referee)
: The topic of artificial recharge technology for water supply into the underground, its direct use and application in the field is becoming a more frequent foreign question, but also in the Czech Republic. This is due to the negative trend in groundwater levels over the past 10 years, caused by drought and temperature regression trends. The theoretical part of this thesis presents the knowledge of the use of artificial groundwater recharge, even with specific cases in the world or in the Czech Republic. This work is especially focused on a very specific case of the construction that represent underground dam in the village of Meziboří in the environment of the Czech massif "hard rocks". Specifically, its efficiency and impact on natural groundwater runoff. For this purpose, a numerical model was developed in the program Groundwater Vistas (extension for MODFLOW). From the results we can observe the influence of natural groundwater regime in both static and dynamic model. After simulating the dam in a steady- state regime of unaffected conditions, the groundwater level in the model before the dam increased significantly above ground level. The possible pumping without drying the collector then represents values 5,4 - 5,8 m3 /day (0,063 - 0,067 l/s) from the well just before the dam. The drain...
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Proposal of small earth dam
Stoklas, Jan ; Duchan, David (referee) ; Špano, Miroslav (advisor)
The subjekt of this bachelor thesis is the study of a small water reservoir in a particular locality. It consists of a text part and a drawing part. The text part contains brief summary of the issues of small water reservoirs, description of the locality, determination of design flow, needed hydrotecchnical calculations and design of expected technical solution. The drawings show the design of the dam, the combinated funtional object and the modified flooded area.
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Soil water regime of reclaimed and unreclaimed post mining heaps
Cejpek, Jiří ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Moldan, Bedřich (referee) ; Tesař, Miroslav (referee)
This PhD thesis compares the water regime of reclaimed and unreclaimed spoil heaps after brown coal mining, with special regard to the development of hydrological properties of soils, which are determinant for the movement and retention of water in the soil. The basic influence on the supply of soil water has the technology of pouring the spoil heaps and aging, which co-regulates the development of vegetation. During the development of soil's spoil heaps increases field water capacity and water retention, but also increases the wilting point. These changes are related to the accumulation of organic matter in the soil and the degradation of claystones to particle size of physical clay. The development of the ability of the spoil heaps soils to bind water is greater in reclaimed areas, where the upper organomineral horizon develops more rapidly, but there is also a wilting point and water consumption. On unreclaimed area, the soil substrate develops more slowly. Overall, the differences in water regime between reclaimed and unreclaimed areas are small.
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Hydrology of a small basin 2017
Brych, Karel ; Tesař, Miroslav
The CD includes the full text of scientific articles. These articles were prepared as the contributions for the Conference with international participation “Hydrology of a small basin 2017” that was held from April 18th to April 20th 2017 in Prague. The Conference was organized by the Institute of Hydrodynamics ASCR in Prague, Institute of Hydrology SAS in Bratislava, the Czech Water Management Society in Prague, Czech Hydrometeorological institute in Prague and Czech Committee for Hydrology. The book was published by the Institute of Hydrodynamics ASCR in Prague in 2017
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