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Individuality in Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit
Hanovská, Lenka ; Benyovszky, Ladislav (advisor) ; Novotný, Jaroslav (referee)
Lenka Hanovská, Motiv individuality ve Fenomenologii ducha G. W. F. Hegela. Praha 2010. Abstract The work focus on the notion of individuality in Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit. It's aim is to understand the question: "what does it mean to be individual being?" from the point of view of traditional thinker who is considered to stand on the top of traditional philosophical thinking. In the work I interpret the most important passages of Phenomenology. I point out that to the individuality we can look only as on a single example of subjectivity. Every specific quality and determination of individuality come from outside, individuality is determinated by the common reason and the society where she lives. Individuality in Hegel doesn't mean some sort of special beeing, concrete life (which search modern philosophy of 20th century) but it means only occurence of something "eternal", the consciousness.
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Body - walking - lanscape: Prehistorical agricultural cultures in the flatlands of Czechia
Pauknerová, Karolína ; Matoušek, Václav (advisor) ; Gojda, Martin (referee) ; Pleinerová, Ivana (referee)
Landscape is not only a material world out there since it also represents a particular way of seeing and understanding the world around. I draw on the idea that by researching landscapes of long gone people we can get closer to their (life)world. In behind of the whole research project lies the idea that the way people dwell in the world resonates with how they understand it. Within the research I employ the methodology of the phenomenology of landscape. Phenomenological research of landscapes inhabited by people in prehistoric ages is concerned with gathering and analysing sensual data such as view from the locality in question, colours, smells, texture, etc. at the place. Human body and the most common bodily activity - walking - is used as a research tool. I explore settlement strategies of four prehistoric cultures - Linear Pottery, Stroked Pottery, Funnel Beakers, and Aunjetitz cultures - within three flatlands in Bohemia (Kladno plateau, the area southwards from the city of Pilsen and the region south and south-westwards form the town of Kolín). At Kolín region and Kladno plateau I compare settlement distribution of two cultures: the Aunjetitz and Stroked pottery cultures at Kolín and Funnel Beakers and Aunjetitz cultures at Kladno. At Pilsen region I concentrated solely on Linear Pottery culture. The...
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The phenomenology of experience in extreme situations based on the example of unplanned caesarean sections
Boháčková, Eva ; Mikšík, Oldřich (advisor) ; Šulová, Lenka (referee) ; Svoboda, Bohuslav (referee)
Our qualitative study "The Phenomenology of Experience in Extreme Situations Based on the Example of Unplanned Caesarean Sections" tries to map and to describe the phenomenon of extreme situations mainly from the point of view of their dynamic aspects and puts the emphasis on the experience of such. As a typical example of extreme situation we have chosen unplanned Caesarean Section on the background of historical - economic and social changes. Such example is to serve as a prototype of successful ending to the extreme situation. Therefore on ly such cases when both mother and child survived the delivery were included in our research. ln our work we are laying a question what experience of this concrete extreme situation means to women, what types of feelings may be connected with such experience and above all what various ways there are to cope with such experience. We are not actually trying to generalize because every such experience is a unique one. We are more searching for suitable theoretical frameworks, research methods and safe ways to allow mothers to gain distance from this difficult and sensitive experience so they can reinterpret such in a positive way. Then they can integrate such important and often traumatic event into their present every day life and enrich it by another experience dimension.
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The Other Between Phenomenon and Dialogue
ALBRECHT, David
The thesis is concerned with the matter of intersubjectivity, traditionally called as ?a question of the other minds?. The new approach in this area was brought mainly by two philosophical movements: by phenomenology and by dialogical personalism. They both reacted to each other in this point, and their reflexions upon this matter resulted in very outstanding discoveries, with influence untill nowadays. Thesis introduces the concept of the Other in each of both mentioned traditions, simultaneously tries to grasp surprisingly similar result of philosofical analysis in different traditions, and also tries to stress the primacy of ethics in historical development of both traditions as a place of meeting of (the other) minds.
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The phenomenon of dementia in the context of human rights
Mužáková, Monika ; Titzl, Boris (advisor) ; Stejskal, Bohumil (referee) ; Kysučan, Jaroslav (referee)
The main aim of the doctoral thesis is to contribute to the better knowledge of the means by which the notion of the phenomenon "developmental disabilities" (mental disabilities) was created in the past, and which existential opportunities result from this for the life of a mentally challenged person. What does this phenomenon mean for us today? How do we understand the questions related to the existential needs of mentally challenged people in the context of human rights? I searched for the clarification of the ways by which the phenomenon of mental disability was shaped throughout the history of the development of the views of the human mind, body and soul. That is the reason why I define the notion of mental disability from the point of the views of the human mind and in connection with simultaneous growth in the knowledge of human body. Chapter II is shaped by my study of principal human experience with mental differences since mythical notions of a human being. I devote my attention to the ancient knowledge of the substance of mental diseases, derived from the attempts of the first scientific, rational studies of human body. The Middle Ages enriched the care for people with mental impairment - among which the mental disability was also ranked though in phenomenology undistinguished, - by the element of...
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Blind spot
Ondráček, Radim ; Král, Oldřich (referee) ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor)
The goal of this dissertation is to adumbrate - with the help of few renowned philosophers - the limits of reflexive thinking and to show the fundamentally invisible. Herewith it partially ends up in area of certain non-Iogicalness This work primarily deals with a very important phenomenon, which brings us to the limit of (non)thinkable and (non)visible. It is the phenomenon of blind spot that enables to demonstrate the margin of phenomenology and reflexive thinking in one of its cleanest forms. We ask one important question: How to reflect and phenomenise blind spot? It is not a simple task. The result is the analysis of non-substitutable experience which cannot be replaced neither by any thesis nor by any objective proof. It is just openness to inner disputableness and inabi1ity to describe the experience. The conc1usion is not a proposition but an appeal to the actual readers. They should take a close look themselves and try to determine their blind spot. This work has tried to open the door for this phenomenon and also for another way of thinking which is not so typical of us, for the zen.
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Death and dying acceptance by people with experience of non-ordinary states of consciousness
PEŠEK, Martin
Non-ordinary states of consciousness have been presented for a long time and currently, when the spiritual side of the human existence is left out, the states of consciousness turn to its regeneration. This thesis is focused on the resulting changes in human life after passing the non-ordinary state of consciousness and especially regarding the changes in attitude towards death and process of dying. In the theoretical part, I have described the problem of death and the process of dying from the cultural, medical, psychological and theological view. I have presented the basic and extended model of the human psyche, the knowledge of which is essential in understanding the non-ordinary states of consciousness. Next, I have specified the concrete definition of non-ordinary states of consciousness and I have dealt with the extended description of those matters, when the human being is not directly touched or not during the experience with dead or dying. The last theoretical chapter goes into the therapeutic potential of the described non-ordinary states of consciousness. The goal of this thesis is to catch the significant similarities of the body and point its transformative effect on the personality of the human being, especially in the matters of basic existence. In order to achieve this goal, I have chosen the qualitative research strategy with the elements of phenomenological research. This semi-structured interview was defined as a method for collecting the data. The research file represents seven respondents with their own experience of a non-ordinary state of consciousness, especially near-death experiences, holotropic breathwork and psychedelic experiences. The results of this research have shown the significant changes in the lives of people who had this type of experience in question. The changes in their respective lives have also resulted in the reduction of the fear of death or dying of these individuals. The results from these findings have significant implications for the psychotherapy. It is mainly aimed at those therapists who have contact with people suffering from death and who have anxiety about dying.
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Autobiography and the Autobiographical Fragments of People with Mental Disabilities living in Institutions
Širůčková, Marie ; Šiška, Jan (advisor) ; Černá, Marie (referee)
This paper uses phenomenographical interview to explore subjective experience of nine people with mental handicap - they are led to speak by indirective questions only. It is based on humanistically orientated phenomenological approach which emphasizes uniqueness and specific value of each personality. The research method used is an autobiographical technique. The paper should be a contribution to newly appreciate the real personality in mentally handicapped people. It attemps to bring some new nexuses and new dimensions of thinking in the topic or if possible to reveal the wide potential for additional research as well.
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Imagination of infinity
Semerád, Martin ; Pauza, Miroslav (advisor) ; Sak, Petr (referee) ; Jirků, Petr (referee)
This work deals with a basic question of modern science and it is its indefectibility. Quality of education is reduce to an evaluation of conformity to a common known knowledge and its quantity representation. Seeds of this long process go back to an ancient academia of Gondisapur established in an Arabic world. Author proclaims that the main goal of philosophy is to show, that this is not the only way of thinking and in the same time that the main goal and power of phenomenology is to apply the transcendental epoche to overcame the truth in its regularization shape. The hardcore of modern science is located in the world of mathematics and a lot of thinkers find the Math as a land of pure sureness - the core of this work in an opposite proofs, that in fact nowadays math is all, but the correct way of thinking. The two examples are explicit: the Pythagorean Theorem and the Sum of the geometric row. This work brings a quite new view on the mathematical problem of "the point" and "the nothing" as a border of things. In the second part uses as a frame of its topic the first 18 §§ of the work "Paradoxes of the infinite" by Czech mathematician of German mother tongue Bernard Bolzano. The important idea of this study is a new ontological view on the set of prime numbers.
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ORNAMENT structure and sign
Vancl, Kryštof ; Hůla, Zdenek (advisor) ; Bláha, Jaroslav (referee)
Vancl, K.: Ornament, structure and sign /MA Dissertation/ Prague 2011, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of education, Art education department The MA dissertation Ornament, structure and sign is a thoughts project, which considers its own topic based on philosophical texts from J. Derrida, M. Foucalt and J. Patočka. Ornament as a topic includes its fundamental questions, what is and how ornament appears today. Immanently there is an expression of ornament, which marks an order of repetition and an extensive reference to ornament, which masks his culture and society on the other side. Own project is focused on pass over classicism again, find original and discover new meaning of ornament in a structure and sign. True difference of expression and reference became its own detecting, following by next step to ritual meaning and from hear through ornament as repetition and reproduction sign to being in present until to deeper understanding of my-self in personal structure. Thanks to this knowledge seeing beauty of ornament seems to be more valuable. At last the project of ornament brings also theoretical basement for painting and didactic in art education. Key words: ornament, expression and reference, ritual meaning, structure of repetition, presence, phenomenology
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