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Konverze biologicky aktivních látek při přípravě zelených a černých čajů
Procházková, Anna
This graduation theses deals with the cultivation, processing, preparation of tea and the chemical composition of tea leaves in the theoretical part. Furthermore deals with the synthesis of biologically active substances in plant materials and their conversion from the preparation of tea to the transformation in the human organism after its consumption. It also briefly summarizes and defines the issues of free radicals and antioxidants as part of their functioning in the human body, and then attempts to objectively summarize their main pharmacological effects. The practical part, focused on the determination of phenolic substances and the total antioxidant capacity of selected green and black teas, is supplemented by their sensory analysis.
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Biologicky aktivní látky v kávě
Leshchuk, Liana
Bachelor thesis deals biologically active substances in coffee. The first part of work is include the history of coffee, the characteristics of coffee trees, the production of coffee from the step of the harvest to the roasting and other adjustments, the types of coffee according to the degree of roasting. The main theme of second part is the chemical composition of coffee beans. We look at biologically active substances in coffee, their content and influence on the human organism, which is the main theme of this work. And finally, following section deals undesirable substances in coffee, its formation during the processing of coffee beans and the effect on health.
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New Strategies in Electrochemical Detection of DNA Damage Induced by Interaction with UV radiation
Přibylová, Monika ; Vyskočil, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Fischer, Jan (referee)
V této bakalářské práci byl zkoumán netradiční redoxní indikátor 5-nitro-1,10-fenantrolin jako možný ukazatel poškození DNA. Měření probíhalo elektrochemicky technikou diferenční pulzní voltametrie v tříelektrodovém zapojení. Jako pracovní elektroda byla použita elektroda z ultračistého grafitu, která byla modifikována nízkomolekulární DNA z lososích spermií. Poškození DNA probíhalo pomocí UVC záření o vlnové délce 254 nm. Byl studován rozdíl výšky voltametrických signálů 5-nitro-1,10-fenantrolinu mezi nepoškozenou a poškozenou DNA. Nově vyvinuté metody se ukázaly jako slibné pro detekci míry poškození DNA v závislosti na čase ozařování a v závislosti na vzdálenosti od zdroje ozařování. Poškození DNA bylo rozsáhlejší u obou studovaných faktorů v závislosti na jejich rostoucích hodnotách. Klíčová slova Elektrochemie DNA biosenzory Netradiční elektrodové materiály Poškození DNA Biologicky aktivní látky Záření
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Biosynthesis of the bumblebee male pheromones and its hormonal regulation.
Bártová, Adéla ; Valterová, Irena (advisor) ; Smrček, Stanislav (referee)
Bumblebees are important pollinators, commercially used in large-scale plant growing in greenhouses. Their males produce marking pheromones for mating, which attract young bumblebee queens. These pheromones are often a complicated mixture of chemicals, which is produced in the male labial gland, and the mixture itself is specific for each bumblebee species. The regulation of bumblebee sexual pheromone biosynthesis is largely unknown, and this Master's thesis is focused on the analysis of the mechanisms which lead to the regulation of the Bombus terrestris male pheromone's fat-acid and terpenes biosynthesis, specifically on stereospecific enzymatic reduction of double bond of farnesol. This thesis studies the influence of potential neurohormones on a specific enzymatic mixture, which is involved in the pheromone biosynthesis. Methods used in this project include biochemical, analytic and molecular-biology methods.
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Characterization of antiobiotic activity of nonpathogenic streptomyces isolated from human tissue.
ŽLÁBKOVÁ, Zuzana
The bachelor thesis is focused on characterization of ten strains of streptomycetes isolated from human clinical samples. Streptomycetes are soil bacteria known for their production of secondary metabolites with characteristic antibiotic, antihelmitic, anti-cancerous and antiviral effects. The objective of my work is to characterise microbiologically the antibacterial and antifungal action of these circa ten taxonomically classified isolates on strains of typical human pathogens from the group of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeast and fungi.
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Káva jako funkční potravina
Rokosová, Kateřina
The bachelor's thesis "Coffee as Functional Food" deals with characteristics of coffee as the most consumed drink in the world. It describes the technological process of coffee beans from the harvest to the final product. The next part of the thesis explains the chemical structure of the beans and the biologically active substances that are found in coffee, such as chlorogenic acid, flavonoids, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, trigonelline and most importantly caffeine. Due to its antioxidant properties and other substances beneficial for our bodies, we classify these compounds into those that have positive effect on the human organism. In the last part, I follow up on the influence of these substances on serious diseases that they could protect humans from. Thanks to many biologically active substances, coffee could belong to a potential candidate for the status of functional food.
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Determination of biologically active compounds in hops by LC/HR-MS method
Jandovská, Vladimíra ; Sobotníková, Jana (advisor) ; Spáčil, Zdeněk (referee)
This thesis describes development and optimalization of method for identification of polyphenols compounds present in hops (Humulus lupulus L.) that have potential antimicrobial activity. Within extraction of compounds from hop, minced hop cones were applied in a growth medium, where compounds diffused into the medium and created an inhibition zone after inoculated with Streptococcus aureus. The method combining extraction with acetone a salting out using QuEChERS principles was optimized for extraction of compounds from solid growth medium. The analysis was carried out using LC/HR-MS with a quadrupole-orbitrap hybrid mass analyzer. The MS method was developed as a screening method with a subsequent fragmentation of compound of interest on the base of inclusion mass list. The compounds extracted from inhibition zone were identified either by searching against a database or their structures have been elucidated on the basis of their fragmentation spectra.
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Flavonoids and other biologically active compound in sea buckthorn
Michalíková, Adéla ; Hudeček, Jiří (advisor) ; Moserová, Michaela (referee)
This bachelor thesis summarizes information about sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides), about chemical composition of different parts and products based on this species, and about their biologically active contents. A special emphasis is given to the oil prepared from sea buckthorn fruits. Sea buckthorn is a rich source of antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, flavonoids and carotenoids. The oil contains high levels of unsaturated fatty acids, in particular of palmitooleic acid. The beneficial effects on human health make sea buckthorn and products from this plant popular food supplements. The second part of this thesis describes analytical methods used for determination of bioactive compounds in sea buckthorn.The protocols based on high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography or capillary electrophoresis are described in more detail. In the experimental part, four samples of sea buckthorn oil (two from Czech and two from Mongolian producers) were compared using absorption spectrophotometry and colorimetric evaluation using the CIELab method. Both samples of Czech origin displayed somewhat shifted absorption maxima and much weaker absorption, their coloration being much weaker. This may suggest some adulteration of these products Keywords: Sea buckthorn, Hippophae rhamnoides,...
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Preparation of 3-phenylpentanoic and 3-phenylpent-2-enoic acid derivatives
Fatka, David ; Machara, Aleš (advisor) ; Veselý, Jan (referee)
This Bachelor's thesis deals with preparation of the intermediates of the analgesic tapentadol. The chosen synthetic strategy requires a preparation of appropriate derivatives of 3-phenylpentanoic and 3-phenylpent-2-enoic acid. Synthesis of those derivatives represents the cornerstone of the thesis. In the first part, the thesis describes an effort associated with a preparation of 1-[(3-benzyloxy)phenyl]propan-1-one, a necessary intermediate for the preparation of the titled compounds. Then addition reactions were studied on the aforementioned ketone. The second part of the thesis focuses on one particular addition, a Reformatsky reaction, and deals with further optimization. In addition, the submitted thesis also describes variety of attempts to carry out dehydration of the Reformatsky adducts, namely, benzylic tertiary alcohols. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Aronia – the source of bioactive compounds
Štumarová, Klára ; Vespalcová, Milena (referee) ; Veselá, Mária (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to research the possible antimicrobial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of aronia berries and tea mixture containing aronia. Also, the antioxidant activity and the concentration of the biologically active substances - polyphenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins was determined. Theoretical part contains a summary of basic information about Aronia melanocarpa, chemical composition, use and health effects of substances contained in its fruits. The experimental part focuses on the antimicrobial activity of the extracts on microorganisms Bacillus subtilis, Serratia marcescens and Micrococcus luteus. Farther there is spectrophotometrical determination of antioxidant activity, polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids and anthocyanins. From the experiment results flow that the extracts have almost none antimicrobial ability except tea mixture extracted with hot water. This extract has inhibitory effect on M. luteus and growth supportive effect on B. subtilis. It has been found that aronia fruits and tea mixture are rich in polyphenols and flavonoids.
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