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The Aplication of DNR orders in clinical practise focused on the issue Non providing aid.
Peterková, Helena ; Císařová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Sovová, Olga (referee)
The Application of DNR orders in clinical practise focused on the issue Non providing aid Do Not Resuscitate orders, as a special type of advanced directives, constitutes an impressive framework full of dilemmas, both between the patient's right to autonomy, self-determination and the physician's duty to provide proper medical care and between the patient's right to autonomy and physician's tendency to apply his/her professional medical opinion. As well this issue has not only the medical and the legal aspect but it possess ethical, sociological and even economical ones, indeed. Despite the fact there are some provisions on the regulation of advance directives at the moment available, neither the position of the patient nor the position of the doctor is actually solved. Furthermore, the legal state of advance directives forces the doctors in order to protect themselves to ignore on purpose the knowledge that there are some advance directives being made by the full competent patient. The consequences of not providing aid are rush ones, with a great possibility of imposing criminal liability for commission of one of the offences against person. On the other hand, the legal protection offered by the means of tort law of the autonomy and selfdetermination of the patient is quite weak, especially in comparison...
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Principle of primacy in the case law of the European Court of Justice, the European Court of Human Rights and certain courts of member States
Kukliš, Tomáš ; Svoboda, Pavel (advisor) ; Zemánek, Jiří (referee) ; Ruffer, Emil (referee)
161 Abstract In this dissertation we are trying, on the basis of decisions of various courts, to outline the development of the principle of primacy doctrine in the European legal environment. It would be difficult to overestimate the importance of the principle of primacy for the proper operation of the European Union today. If member states had the power to ignore an act of the European Union by adopting or giving precedence to a provision of national law, no uniform and coherent European legal order could exist. The principle of primacy was developed nearly fifty years ago by the Court of Justice in its case law for furthering this very end. But European Union law is just one of many legal orders operating within European states. At the same time there are national law, international law, and other legal orders derived from it, particularly European Union law and Council of Europe law, on the territory of member states . In selecting decisions, we were careful to include as many as possible mutual relations among these legal orders. For objective reasons, the relationship between European Union law and national law is the most represented. The roots of the doctrine of direct effect of the provisions of the EEC Treaty and its precedence of application can be traced back to Van Gend en Loos and Costa...
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Elektronizace justice
Kraft, Martin ; Mildeová, Stanislava (advisor) ; Dalihod, Martin (referee)
The thesis analyzes the e-Justice projects in the Czech Republic. It describes possibilities of application of individual projects, evaluates the status of their development and their potential future evolution. The thesis also analyzes the economic aspects of selected projects as well as discusses the technological aspects of some technologically advanced projects. On the basis of the analysis of present situation and description of e-Justice issues the contribution of this process for the Czech judiciary system as well as the public government or private persons will be described. The main contribution of this thesis is to objectively evaluate the effects of judiciary digitization for the Czech public administration information systems and related areas.
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Methamphetamine users and stress
FILIPOVÁ, Zuzana
The diploma thesis called "Stress among Methamphetamine Users" focuses on the phenomenon of stress in general, but especially on the strategies of coping with stressful situations. These so-called coping strategies are given great attention in contemporary research. The thesis inquires into the development of the Czech drug scene and particularly focuses on methamphetamine as a typical "Czech drug". It describes the period of methamphetamine early expansion in the Czech drug scene, the subsequent period of radical intervention of justice and police into the resulting socially unbearable situation, and the recent respective state of affairs. It also deals with the risks associated with the use of methamphetamine and the various forms of its application. In this respect it logically gives attention to the issue of drug addiction in general and the methamphetamine addiction in particular. An indispensable part of the thesis is a description of the phenomenon of stress according to selected distinguished experts in this area Paulík (2010), Baštecká (2009) a Joshi (2007). The initial discussion of specifically defined and operationalized stress is followed by a discussion of coping in general. First, the emergence of coping is discussed. The theoretical section provides definitions of various scientifically developed coping strategies and deals with the situation around the SVF 78 instrument as well as with the stress coping strategies and the phenomenon of stress itself. The section discusses different coping strategies and identifies their respective pitfalls as well as their influence on people from the holistic model viewpoint. The theoretical section is concluded with the topic of social work with drug addicts and its basic pillars. Describes the aims, research questions and hypotheses of the thesis. Two aims were selected for the thesis: "to find out which coping strategies are used by methamphetamine users" and "to find out how coping strategies change over a prolonged period of methamphetamine use". Three research questions and four associated hypotheses were formulated on the basis of these aims. The hypotheses are operationalized in this chapter. The methodological section discusses the SVF 78 instrument which was used to gather data from drug addicted respondents. The data were gathered in contact centres in South Bohemia via quantitative strategy of data gathering. Next, the research sample consisting of 50 respondents and the ethical aspects of the research are described. An indispensable part of the section is also a description of the statistical methods used for data evaluation. Next chapter, called "Results", describes the research sample with respect to respondents' sex, with the actual ratio being 54 percent of female respondents and 46 percent of male respondents. The respondents' age is described here as well together with an average age, median and standard deviations. Another thing mentioned is respondents' time period of methamphetamine use and their highest achieved education. The discussion section focuses on obtained results and their comparison with actual researches. Despite very interesting results it is necessary to assert that none of the hypotheses was statistically verified. However, analysis of similar studies leads us to a discovery of an analogous problem. The most interesting study in this regards appears to be Konopka et al. (2013) which found no significant differences in coping strategies adopted by benzodiazepine users. In spite of this it is possible to point at frequency differences which were found among methamphetamine users. They were found in particular with respect to the relation between negative coping strategies ratio and period time of methamphetamine use, where negative coping strategies were preferred by respondents using methamphetamine for more than 11 years etc. The concluding section summarizes the research results and reflects on the aims of the thesis.
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Application of analytical methods for analysis of dyes employed in works of art.
Svobodová, Eva ; Bosáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Kopecká, Ivana (referee) ; Feltl, Ladislav (referee)
Natural organic dyes suffer from degradation during the time. Therefore, the works of art need to be restored and the identification of dyes by analytical methods is important here. The possibilities of using three separation (thin-layer chromatography - TLC, capillary zone electrophoresis - CZE, and micellar electrokinetic chromatography - MEKC) and two spectroscopic (infrared microspectroscopy - IR and Raman microspectroscopy) methods for the identification of red dyes (acaroid, brazil, dragon blood, kamala, logwood, cochineal, madder, lac, and sandalwood) were studied and critically discussed. In TLC, under optimised conditions (silicagel with octadecyl, 80/20 (v/v) MeOH/1% TEA in 0.1 mol·dm-3 acetate buffer, pH 5, and 80/20 (v/v) MeOH/1% TEA in 0.025 mol·dm-3 tetraborate buffer, pH 7 and 9), the stain broadening of sandalwood, logwood, acaroid, dragon blood, and brazil was observed. Carminic acid, haematein and purpurin were not detected. A comparison of CZE and MEKC showed that MEKC was superior as it permits separation of all analytes, using 0.015 mol·dm-3 sodium dodecyl sulfate in 0.01 mol·dm-3 tetraborate buffer, pH 8.5, at a voltage of 20 kV. The developed method was validated and applied to the identification of dyes in Rubia tinctorum, Rubia cordifolia, and in the mycelium of fungi...
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VAT in chain transactions
Hakrová, Šárka ; Čapek, Jan (advisor) ; Vančurová, Alena (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to summarize and analyze the April amendment to the Czech law 235/2004, Sb. about the Value Added Tax which introduces two new instruments in fighting against tax evasions. After the introduction follows the chapter which describes applying the VAT in so-called chain transactions, tax evasions connected with these transactions and the problems with right to deduct the input VAT in the standard mode of the VAT. The third chapter analyzes the related cases of The Court of Justice of the European Union -- Optigen and Axel Kittel. The fourth chapter is crucial -- it analyzes the liability for unpaid tax and shifting the application of the tax ("reverse charge") which is introduced by April amendment. In the fifth chapter I analyze the application of generalized reverse charge to all transactions and the conclusion is summarizing whole thesis and evaluating effectiveness of the two new instruments in fighting against tax evasions.
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Hamartological Heuristics as a Hermeneutical Key to Justice, Mercy and the Moral Treatment of the Poor in the New Testament
Hron, Ondřej ; Trojan, Jakub (advisor) ; Macek, Petr (referee) ; Wolterstorff, Nicholas (referee)
Evangelicals possess a great concern for helping the poor. This passion has not, however, translated into theological agreement concerning a believer's justice obligations unto the world's poor. At the core of this theological contention is the dissonance, mirrored within the philosophical discourse, over whether justice is ultimately needs based or ownership based. The main objective of this dissertation is to enable this core contention to be made evaluable on the basis of the biblical text. This aim is pursued via the proposal and application of a focused hermeneutical discrimen to the NT textual data concerning the moral treatment of the poor. Chapter 1 introduces the breadth of this endeavor. Chapter 2 isolates the core contention and identifies the resolution principle as the proposed means of data integration. This chapter also functions as a prolegomenon to the methodological challenges inherent in this pursuit. Chapter 3 investigates the domain of poverty, as it is delineated by the NT, and introduces several categorization frameworks by which the textual data may be differentiated. Chapter 4 outlines the hamartiological characteristics of the proposed hermeneutical discrimen. Chapter 5 applies the hermeneutical methodology to the NT data and evaluates the core contention in addition to...
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Nature consult Ltd - consulting service to municipalities in the field of landscape care
Šilhová, Lucie ; Syrovátka, Oldřich (advisor) ; Votava, Libor (referee)
The thesis focuses on the creation of Nature consult Inc. aimed at providing advice to municipalities in comprehensive land consolidation. The intention of creating this com-pany comes out of the growing need to improve the effectiveness of prevention of negative impacts of climate change, and from the findings of the project Čistá voda pro Plzeň, which was realized largely at the expense of investigators (volunteers). The goal of the thesis is to create a business that is based on the use of community work which will help municipalities with the realisation of purposefully conducted comprehensive land consolidation. The expected activity of the company is education, facilitation, help with preparing applications for the realisation of comprehensive land consolidation and su-pervising the final solutions. The benefit of the company will be restoration of the main functions of the cultural landscape and enhancement of the quality of rural life.
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The Arrangement of Revitalization Usable in Practice of Water Management with an Application to Particular River Basin.
VÍTEK, Josef
The aim of this dissertation is to develop a concept of revitalization of Srbický stream, including its tributaries. The suggestion of arrangement should support an increase of water and environmental stability of the basin. It contains technical and biological revitalization, including the objects of revitalization in the bed of the stream, the estabilishment of restoration of pond reservoirs, designing the localization of wetland areas, oxbow stream restoration, afforestation of the stream banks and erosion - threatened catchment areas. The solution is based on a thorough evaluation of the documents - hydrological, pedological, hydrogeological and vegetative - and on the results of detailed field survey of the area. The proposal follows the processed local territorial system of ecological stability.
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The Applications by a Court from the Legally-Sociological Perspective
Kučerová, Pavla ; Kühn, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Maršálek, Pavel (referee) ; Šejvl, Michal (referee)
JUDr. Pavla Kučerová Aplikace práva soudem z právně-sociologické perspektivy Résumé The thesis - The Applications by a Court from the Legally- Sociological Perspective -deals partly with an individual who applies law within the frame of justice, partly with justice as such. An individual who lives and works within such a complicated organisation as modern justice appears to be, is influenced by the organization, and so his work is influenced - thereby the application of law itself. Various judicial systems as they have been developed over the years, aim at the same targets in the rough. However, they choose different means for target achievement. The position of judges in meritocratic and career justice is also different. The differences can be seen in the way judge candidates are chosen, in what way judges are appointed and in the posibility to remove judges from their office. Two different systems have been analysed in detail - the US federal judicial system as an example of meritocratic justice and the Czech judicial system as a typical example of career justice. Regarding the USA, there is a mention of judicial elections that do not refer to the federal judicial system and seem to be a domain only in several US states. The elections are considered to be such a unique way of judge appointment so that is...
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