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Meaning and Understanding in the Context of Thought of Jacques Derrida and Hans-Georg Gadamer
Voborský, Lukáš ; Fulka, Josef (advisor) ; Novotný, Jaroslav (referee)
Meaning and Understanding in the Context of Thought of Jacques Derrida and Hans-Georg Gadamer The focus of the present study is mainly on the discussion of the process of understanding and emergence of meaning. Using the example of Gadamer's hermeneutics it becomes clear what are the limits of positive attempt to express conditions of understanding within the context of the philosophy of finitude. In spite of its undeniable benefits, hermeneutic understanding shows itself to be vulnerable towards ideology and it could be seen as suspected of hidden normativity thanks to its emphasis on agreement and coherency. Derrida's deconstruction on the other hand shows the dynamics of emergence of meaning in language, it emphasizes plurality and ambiguity in contrast towards totalizing unicity and agreement; however, due to this approach, it is unable to offer anything close to what we call the truth. In a parallel line of interpretation, philosophical- antropological approach of Ernst Cassirer standing in comparison with Heidegger's existential analytics of Dasein shows that already at the fundamental level in the process of establishment of terms and concepts and earlier our understanding is already determined to a certain extent. Discussion between Gadamer and Derrida shows a necessity of certain arbitrary...
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The Indefinite Article as a Signal of the Countable Use of Uncountable Nouns
Hradecká, Markéta ; Brůhová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Dušková, Libuše (referee)
The Indefinite Article as a Signal of Countable Use of Uncountable Nouns The present thesis deals with the role of premodification in the countability of nouns. More specifically, it concentrates on the dual class nouns, i.e. nous that are used both countably and uncountably. The aim of the thesis is to determine whether the presence of premodification results in the countable use of dual class nouns. Also, the semantics of the premodifiers is taken into account. The theoretical part of the thesis summarizes information from grammar books and describes the category of countability. All of the types of nouns, i.e. countable, uncountable and dual class, are characterized. Semantic classification of adjectives is included, too, as adjectives are the most frequent noun class in terms of premodification. The empirical part of the thesis concentrates on the analysis of specific examples and aims to decide the impact of the presence of premodification on the dual class nouns. For these purposes, three nouns were chosen (difference, interest, language) and fifty instances of each noun were excerpted from the British national corpus. Each of the instances was assessed in terms of countability, in the case of difference the semantics of premodifiers was determined (this step was eliminated in the case of the...
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The World of Meaning of the Young Intelligentsia: Intimacy, Equality and Difference in Central Europe 1956-1968
Nebřenský, Zdeněk ; Havelka, Miloš (advisor) ; Vykoukal, Jiří (referee) ; Pažout, Jaroslav (referee)
The thesis deals with thought, mentality and conceptions of the higher education students. It focuses especially on discussions and controversies between students and party, state or universities authorities and aims at frictions which spread in official discourse and arose from student demands on more space for autonomous activity. Its main concern is the way in which these controversies were related to power transformations in the Central-European dictatorship since 1956. As an example of young intelligentsia, activists of youth and student organizations at higher education institutions in Warsaw, Prague and Bratislava have been chosen. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part researches on the conceptions of intimate, especially problems of youth sexuality, student marriage and living conditions of young families. The second part deals with the conceptions of equality in relation to centralized work-placement of graduates. The power authorities in the state-socialist society laid stress on social equality of all citizens, but paradoxically it produced strong inequality at a local level and undermined work, social and transnational mobility. The third parts researches on conceptions of difference. In this case, authorities claimed generation unity and culture uniformity for the whole...
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Lilliputians.Representations of the bodily "difference" in the Prague's freakshow culture 1820-1940
Herza, Filip ; Storchová, Lucie (advisor) ; Kolářová, Kateřina (referee)
In the following essay, I focus on the representations of bodily "difference" in the Prague's freakshow culture, particulary on the displays of the so called "Lilliputians", which were popular among the public from the beginning of the 19th Century to the 40's of the 20th Century. Firstly, I introduce the Prague's curiosity exhibitions as a specific social praxis and I compare them with similar displays in Europe and the United States. In the second part of this essay, I try to analyse those exhibitions critically, using the concepts from the present disability studies discourse. I deal with the bodily "otherness" as a category of difference, which arises from the intersection of different ideologies. According to the point of view, this category shaped the individual and collective identities and fostered the social hierarchies of the time. Throughout the essay, I focus on the dis/continuities in the imagination of bodily "difference" and I try to describe the specificity of the Czech freakshow tradition. Key words: 19th Century, body, representations, bodily difference, abnormality, ideology
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Probability-based model for network traffic
Bednár, Peter ; Jelínek, Mojmír (referee) ; Molnár, Karol (advisor)
This work identifies several basic types of traffic in IP networks and describes main features. The basic network services such as HTTP, VoIP and electronic mail are discussed focusing mainly on HTTP and VoIP probability-based models for network traffic which are applied to the software simulation of real network.
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Image Motion Detection
Zítka, Michal ; Richter, Miloslav (referee) ; Horák, Karel (advisor)
This bachelor project dissert on detection of motion in image. Also sumary basic methods for detection of motion in image and method of segmentation using active contour. In practical section is attention paid to detection of motion in video camera screenshots.
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Differences in motivation to work among those employed and self-employed persons
Voglová, Eva ; Hiršová, Miloslava (advisor) ; Míková, Irena (referee)
The aim of the current research is to find whether there are any differences in motivation between people who are employed and people who are self-employed. Academic papers and books on motivation were used for referencing. The methodology of this study enabled the particular tested groups to be specified. Moreover, it helped to reveal and distinguish the differences that were found between employed and self-employed people. The study was conceived as a pilot study on a particular sample of participants. The findings may be of benefit to managers, or to people who are in lead positions. The differences that were discovered may help employers to effectively motivate their employees or to provide their employees with optimal working conditions.
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