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Language, speech and understanding
Zajíc, Václav ; Novák, Aleš (advisor) ; Benyovszky, Ladislav (referee) ; Zika, Richard (referee)
This thesis studies different conceptions of knowledge as they were conceived by George Berkeley and Immanuel Kant. In the first chapter we concentrate on Berkeley's pragmatic interpretation of knowledge which is based on the localization of the non-predicative judgements into the inner structure of perception. As the result there is such knowledge which is by human being used to identification of conditions for the formation of particular combinations of ideas and also to their more or less exact prognosis. We concentrate also on Berkeley's attempt to avoid "ontological" or "absolute" interpretations of "traditional concepts of metaphysics" as ,substance', an absolute existence of non-egoistic matterial being etc. In the second chapter of this thesis we are trying to study in which way is the idea of knowledge being transformed, in case that the starting point for interpretation of knowledge is, according to Kant, descriptive analysis of synthetic judgements a priori, whose proposition is the synthesis of subject and predicate. We will show that Kant contributed to the new understanding of metaphysics as transcendental research possibility of knowledge, and how were thanks to that meanings and status of subject and object transformed. We will make in the third and closing chapter complete...
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Contribution of individually created educational materials for pupils with ASD
Plachá, Lenka ; Klenková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Korandová, Zuzana (referee)
The bachelor thesis is in the field of special pedagogy and deals with the benefits of individually created educational materials for students with ASD. The theoretical part defines the issues of autism spectrum disorders, diagnosis and etiology. One of the sections of the first chapter describes associated disorders such as epilepsy, sleep disorders, gastrointestinal disorders and food intake. These problems often occur in children with low- functioning autism and mental disabilities. Furthermore, this part of the work deals with the education of pupils with ASD with associated mental disabilities and impaired communication skills according to the Education Act, and the possibilities of medication of these pupils to eliminate demanding behavior. The practical part is focused on expanding the vocabulary by the method of global reading using structured and visualized educational materials, which we create for students to suit their needs. Motivation is also an important factor, which is why we use motifs from the areas of children's interests in the materials. The aim is to understand students' new concepts and improve their communication skills, which makes it easier for them to understand social situations and this in turn leads to the elimination of challenging behavior and increase the quality...
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The Dialog and Questions in Teaching on Second Level of Basic school
Sumcov, Jan ; Zicha, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Jirásková, Věra (referee)
This thesis describes the integral role of using dialogue and asking questions on second level of basic school. The theoretical part of the thesis aims to point out that guiding students to dialogue and asking questions is essential for the personal development of the individual and also for a deeper understanding of the curriculum. At the same time, based on available literature and research, it summarizes the basic principles and assumptions of the dialogical teaching method. In the second part of the thesis, the author attempts to reflect the findings and examples from his practice in the form of action research and to suggest some methods and procedures that can be used to support dialogical teaching. The author focuses mainly on the questions asked by students and compares his outputs with the theoretical background on which he is based. It examines the contexts and types of questions asked by students in full-time and distance learning and also suggests procedures for encouraging them to take active questions. The results show that students are able to ask questions in the classroom, however, in normal frontally arranged lessons, only a fraction of the, usually participate in speeches in this way. In this case, the possibility of asking questions in writing or encouraging students to...
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Speech understanding before entering elementary school
Vlasáková, Anna ; Klenková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Horynová, Jana (referee)
The diploma thesis is focused on the area of speech understanding by children before entering the elementary school from the speech therapist's point of view. The thesis focuses on diagnostics. There is a dearth of diagnostic material nowadays, which is a reason for the creation of Speech Understanding before entering elementary school Test. This test is meant for children over five years of age. The theoretical part of the thesis characterizes preschool children from the psychical and motorial development point of view. Furthermore, the theoretical part focuses on the description of preschool child communication, with particular attention to the development of the lexical-semantic language area and summarizes knowledge of speech understanding, development of speechunderstanding, and speech understanding process. Finally, there is a brief description of a few conditions. The research judged the impact of these conditions on speech understanding. The research includes the processed results from the screening of speech understanding with the mentioned diagnostical material. One hundred and twenty- five children participated in the quantitative research. The effect of particular aspects on the speech understanding of these children was evaluated. It has been found that the presence of delayed speech...
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Pupils ' understanding of irrational numbers
Šiková, Kateřina ; Vondrová, Naďa (advisor) ; Jančařík, Antonín (referee)
Diplomová práce zkoumá žákovské porozumění iracionálním čísl·m. Cílem bylo zmapovat a zhodnotit porozumění žák· ze druhého a třetího ročníku na gymnáziu. Vyhodnocení probíhalo na základě dotazníkového šetření od 69 respondent· a polostrukturovaného rozhovoru od 12 z nich. Výsledky ukázaly, že pro velkou část těchto žák· jsou všechna čísla s neukončeným desetinným rozvojem považována za čísla iracionální a s ukončeným desetinným rozvojem za čísla racionální. V závěru práce uvádím dva přístupy, které by mohly zmírnit tuto chybnou představu. 1
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Work out of choosen ethical topics from the book Treasure Under the Snow through the Structured Drama.
Kubrová, Kateřina ; Svobodová, Radmila (advisor) ; Marušák, Radek (referee)
In my thesis I am covering the chosen ethical topics from the book Treasures of the Snow using the structured drama. The aim of this thesis was to identify if pupils could find a solution that would prevent the unethical behaviour based on their experience from the book? The paper is divided into theoretical and practical sections, the practical section is based off the conclusion made in theoretical one. The first part of the thesis focuses on the following chosen subjects; Ethics, Drama in Education, Czech language and literature which are covered in the Framework education programme for elementary education and it is also analysing how these subjects fit into the School educational programme within Primary School Kunratice (Commutation - Learning - Cooperation), where the practical research was performed with the children from 5th grade. These subjects merge together in a created auctorial structured drama "About a friendship that overcame various difficulties", which serves as a tool for the research. In the first part there are terms defined such as Drama in Education, Methods of Drama in Education, structured drama, used methods and techniques in its own structured drama and the personality of a teacher who is teaching Drama in Education, that relates to this matter. The previously mentioned...
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Semantic web in the confrontation with Peirce's Semiotics
Řeháčková, Dana ; Fišerová, Michaela (advisor) ; Švantner, Martin (referee)
The Semantic web was created for the conceptualization of data available on the Internet. Through formalized representations that are determined for data sharing and reusing, its vision should be achieved. One of the main aims of the Semantic web is to achieve answers to a searched question which demonstrates high exactness and relevance. The controversy and polysemy of the term "Semantic web" lets us consider the question: "What is the limit of involving semantic aspects provided on Semantic web?" Is it not only the amount of determinations of specific standards that are connected with data itself? The main aim of this thesis is to compare the use of the terminology appearing on the Semantic web in semantic metadiscourse with traditional academic semiotic approaches appearing from pragmatism of Ch. S. Peirce, Ch. W. Morris, and H. P. Grice. The main thesis aim is to clarify the function of semantic web, basically its function and its conception, by comparation academic's semiotics' approaches of pragmaticism Ch. S. Peirce and pragmatism H.P. Grice to help with mapping the problematic area which is connected with using terms such as "meaning," and "understanding," and to explore and make less confused the possibilities of the function of the Semantic web.
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Understanding of Problem of Dyslexy Through Drama
Stocková, Jana ; Svobodová, Radmila (advisor) ; Holemá, Irena (referee)
The diploma thesis consists of practical and theoretical part. It is focused on an issue of dyslexia and its understanding through structured drama. The theoretical part contains three sections. The first section deals with drama education, the second section covers structured drama and the third section is focused on dyslexia itself. The part concerning drama education is subdivided into three chapters demonstrating drama education in general, the subject itself and its forms. The part focused on structured drama is divided into five chapters that define structured drama in general and its subsequent implementation in education together with its structures, techniques and planning. The part dealing with dyslexia includes five chapters as well. The first chapter explains the term dyslexia. The next chapters demonstrate its symptoms, diagnosis and re- education, specific learning disabilities and relationships between dyslectic pupils and their family, school and classmates. The practical part contains a lesson of structured drama with reflections and perceptions collected during drama implementation.
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Looking for the Sense of Being as a Way of Daseinsanalytic Psychotherapy. Potential Contribution of Daseinsanalysis for Pedagogical Practice
Vacková, Lucie ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Vogel, Jiří (referee) ; Semrádová, Ilona (referee)
The doctoral thesis Looking for the Sense of Being as a Way of Daseinsanalytic Psychotherapy with the subtitle Potential Contribution of Daseinsanalysis for Pedagogical Practice deals with possibilities of the daseinsanalytical preventive and treatment consultancy application in the environment of primary schools. The consultation programmes are based on Martin Heidegger's philosophy, phenomenology, hermeneutical explanation method and daseinsanalytical psychotherapy. The goal of the doctoral thesis is to introduce, in the field of philosophy of education, this new project focused on bullying and also to raise a question about the inspirational possibilities of the development of the current system of Teacher's university education. KEYWORDS Philosophy of education, daseinsanalysis, bulliyng, prevention, consulting, education in teaching
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