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Influence of culture on the conception of mental illness.
Janíková, Martina ; Hnilica, Karel (advisor) ; Zoufalá, Marcela (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to describe sociocultural aspects of mental illness. The thesis concerns with sociocultural influences on formation and conceptualization of illness explanatory models that shape unstructured fyziological phenomenon into structured experience. Specific cultural content of biological categories is the foundation of health care systems, lay conceptions and prejudices and determines social status of the mentally ill. Also attitudes of society towards its deviant members reflect her essential characteristics. Therefore, this thesis outlines historical and cross-cultural transformations of mental illness within the broad social context. Describes health care system as a specific layer of social and symbolic reality and points out the influence of dominant psychiatric discourse on the conception of illness. Attention was also paied to media selective portrayals of mental illness that were proved to strenghten negative stereotypes. Mental illnesses, how was shown, differs cross-culturally. Though basic psychiatric syndromes occur in every society, culture promotes and shapes particular symptoms, so that progress and prognosis can be very different. We can, therefore, conclude that every illness is in a way culture-related.
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The Intergenerational family solidarity eyes of caregivers
TUŠEROVÁ, Tereza
This bachelor thesis deals with the problems of intergenerational family solidarity from the viewpoint of the caregivers. The main objective consists in charting factors that influence the living together of caregivers and old age pensioners in one household. The thesis is comprised of a theoretical and explorative part. The theoretical part is focused on assessing the current state of intergenerational living together, use of social services, care for an old age pensioner in a home environment, needs ensuing from the old age and last but not least on the mental health of the caregiver. The chapter of my thesis called current state is concentrated on the intergenerational relations. I mentioned the concepts of the so-called "sandwich family" and family solidarity. The following part has been devoted to the old age, its needs and physiological changes that occur at this age. In the subsequent chapter called the care for an old age pensioner in a home environment I was trying to define both the form of the care for the pensioner which is provided by the family member, risks arising from this situation and the importance of the care for the person who provides care for the pensioner. Last part is devoted to the mental health of caregivers. The objective of my thesis can be found in the explorative part. I charted the factors of living together of pensioners and caregivers in one household. I asked a main explorative question: "How do caregivers see the intergenerational living together in one household?" The main explorative question was devided further into five partial explorative questions. "How does a caregiver see the pros and cons of the living together with the pensioner?" "How does the caregiver view the situation in the future when there is a real threat of deterioration?" "How does the caregiver use the social services while caring for the pensioner?" "How is the mental health of caregivers going?" "What other resources does the family use?" I decided to select the strategy of qualitative research in order to detect the information. The data were collected by means of making inquiries and by leading a semi-structured interview. The research team was intentionally chosen of quotas and it consisted of seven caregivers who care for the pensioner in a home environment. The research continued by stages, first of all there was a pre-research. Then the actual research followed. All the interviews were recorded on the dictaphon and copied word for word. The collected information was processed through the method of clustering. Consequently, the data were processsed and interpreted through common components. The final data were structured into the separate partial questions. The study follows that partners in the interview lay stress on the high-quality care for their relatives and expect their children to care for them in a similar manner. They´d welcome a certain kind of relief in order to relax and to practise hobbies. Other factors that might influence the living together with the pensioner in one household might be, for example, lack of interest, low awareness of social services, little leisure time, high psychical strenuousness. However, the feelings of satisfaction, certainty and support also played an important role in caring for old people in their home environment. The results may be useful both for students who occupy themselves with problems of intergenerational living together and the old age and also for the general public so that it may realize the difficult situation of caregivers. And last but not least it may be useful for caregivers themselves so that they might be better acquainted with the social services and acquire information about the prevention in the area of mental health.
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Selected topics from the perspective of feminist psychology
HALO, Dagmar
Bachelor thesis is designed as a literature review dealing with the theory of feminist psychology. This is a specific area of psychology established itself in the '70s of last century in the second wave of feminism, which represents the main theoretical background. The central concern is reflection and examining the position of the individual within society in the context of gender and its impact on the development of the human personality and its mental health. This paper summarizes the theory of feminist psychology, demonstrating the selected theoretical concepts through major theoretical pillars of this applied psychological discipline and seeks to critically explore the structure and position of this subfield in relation to mainstream psychology. Attention is also paid to the practical applications of this theory in the context of psychotherapy and counseling, which reflects gender as one of the major determinants of mental health.
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Community Mental Health Care
Šotolová, Lucie ; Marková, Eva (advisor) ; Petr, Tomáš (referee)
1 Abstract This thesis deals with community mental health care. We focus on patients with affective disorders because we assume that community mental health care services would be salutary for some of them but these patients do not use the services yet. A theoretical part describes the mental health concept and its specification, both in conceptual materials of Czech organizations and in World Health Organization documents. The thesis analyses affective disorders, their social impact and community mental health care situation in the Czech Republic. An empirical part consists of two empirical researches, which are interrelated. The questionnaire survey among hospitalized patients with an affective disorder has been focused on the level of awareness of community mental health care services, on patients' interest in these services and on use of these services. The on-line survey has been conducted in Prague's community mental health care organizations to determine a proportion of clients with an affective disorder within these services and to determine the possibility of their placement. It turned out that most of interviewed patients with an affective disorder are not informed about the community health care services and therefore they don't use the services but they would be interested in it. We conclude...
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The picture of mental illness in the print media in three central European countries
Nawková, Lucie ; Jirák, Roman (advisor) ; Bražinová, Alexandra (referee) ; Vevera, Jan (referee)
Media are considered to be the public's primary source of information regarding mental illness. Evidence suggests that media representations of people with psychiatric disorders are frequently negative and contribute to their stigmatization. On the other hand, media can play an important role in reducing this stigmatisation by providing adequate information about this topic and engaging in antistigma campaigns. Up to now there was no standardised measurement of the stigma of mental illness in print media using clearly operationalized definitions. The objectives of this project were twofold; to develop a standardised and objective instrument to measure stigma of mental illness in print media; and to conduct an analysis of the current coverage on mental health/illness issues in Czech, Croatian, and Slovak print media. The development of the Picture of Mental Illness in Newspapers (PICMIN) instrument was based on the principles of content analysis, a research technique for making replicable and valid inferences from text to the kontext in their use. The instrument consists of eleven descriptive and five analytical categories. The most interesting findings based on the analysis of media representations of mental illness were; a similarly high level of stigmatizing articles across countries, clearly...
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Lifestyle and personal health care health workers
PRŮCHOVÁ, Štěpánka
Currently, the debate over what constitutes a healthy lifestyle is very much debated in the media. Generally speaking, most people have a choice about what type of lifestyle they choose to lead. The characteristics of a healthy lifestyle include certain life habits including one's attitude toward diet and exercise. The type of lifestyle that we choose to live can influence our health and also the possibility of contracting certain diseases. Up to 50% of good health is dependent on a healthy lifestyle, whilst the other 50% is influenced by genetics, life conditions, and the environment one lives in. .
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The effect of multiple sclerosis on psychical health of people suffering from multiple sclerosis
CHROUSTOVSKÁ, Petra
In my thesis, I focused on people with multiple sclerosis and their kin. I followed the issues how this disease affects the psychological perception of people with this disease and how to change the perception of their kin. Sclerosis comes from latin word "skleros" that means "stiff, tough" and multiple stands for the fact that lesions can be formed anywhere in the central nervous system. Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune inflammatory disease. The cause of this disease is still unknown and there are currently no drugs that would be able to completely stop the disease and cure it. It is a disease of mainly young people between 20 - 40 years. The myelin sheaths disintegrate and the nerve impulses consequently interrupt or slow down in the organism. This process leads to progressive disability of such ill people. The work is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is mainly deals with the fundamental issues of multiple sclerosis. There are stated and described the symptoms of the disease and its treatment, diagnostics of disease and the impact on family, social or work life. The practical part is focused on qualitative research where I addressed two groups of people. The first group consists of people with multiple sclerosis disease. Data was collected by narrative interviews. The second group is formed by kin, where a semi standardized questionnaire was applied. Respondents were selected using the "snowball". The survey conducted among patients resulted in basic finding. For people with good family backgrounds the knowledge of their diagnosis caused decrease of their mental health and mild depression that was usually subsided after treatment with antidepressants and the patient was able to return to active life. For people with impaired family background mental and physical health deteriorated. Immediate family members understand the changes in life values of their loved ones and support them in every new activity. I chose this topic because the number of people with multiple sclerosis is increasing. In this work, I would like to contribute to greater awareness, both patients and company, also support patients and show that even with multiple sclerosis they can live a full life.
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Management of Personal Development
Křenková, Vendula ; Škodová, Eva (referee) ; Franková, Emilie (advisor)
The master thesis Management of personal development deals not only with a theoretical picture about the issue of management of personal development in general perspective but also with a practical insight into the investigated company CNC KOVO s.r.o. focusing on workers, production masters and last but not least the company's executives. The theoretical part features some of the basic concepts of the monitored areas, especially time management, stress management and personality analysis of manager. Acquired knowledge is further applied to the practical part of the thesis, and results in recommendations for enhancing the personal development of employees as well as the company's entire business.
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Management of Personal Development
Dvořáčková, Dagmar ; Hubinková, Zuzana (referee) ; Franková, Emilie (advisor)
Diploma thesis „Management of personal development“ is focused on the analysis in the management of personal development in the production company ITAB Shop Concept CZ, a.s. focusing on technical-economic workers, and especially to the managers of company. The theoretical part is focused on the fundamental concepts in this area, defining the manager’s personality, his demands, self-management (time and stress management), training and development employees. It also discusses the internal and external factors acting on managerial development, improving performance through mental hygiene, lifestyle and wellbeing. The practical part focuses on the current status of management of personal development and the rules under which the selection process and the choice of development and education. It is focused on finding the requirements for managers and design of a particular solution that is focused to the opportunities for further development company.
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