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Nonverbal factors in psychotherapy of adolescents
Vraná, Klára ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee) ; Šturma, Jaroslav (advisor)
The thesis deals with one of the areas of children's psychology - psychotherapy of adolescents. The study mainly focuses on different non-verbal moments, or factors, occurring at psychotherapeutic sessions held with adolescent patients, and it outlines the possibilities of application of these factors in the psychotherapeutic process. The objective of the thesis is to show that sometimes seemingly insignificant non-verbal moments may play an important role, especially in therapeutic work with adolescents, and therefore therapists should pay increased attention to these symptoms. This also applies in case that a patient was originally indicated a psychotherapy, the main medical treatment medium of which is predominately an interview (for example a family therapy). The thesis is based on one of the assumptions that in general non-verbal methods, in this case at least some of their elements, may work as facilitators of an interview, for example if the patient fails to express certain personal experience of his or her, his/her feeling or emotion with the help of words, or when a therapist fails to enter into verbal communication with the patient.
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Psychotherapy and spirituality. Integration of spiritual dimension into psychotherapy
Málek, Tomáš ; Loneková, Katarína (referee) ; Junková, Vendula (advisor)
The focus of presented work is on contemporary tendency to integrate spiritual dimension of human being into psychotherapeutic treatment. Differences among basic constructs of religion, spirituality and psychotherapy are mentioned. Variety of approaches towards the integration of spirituality into main psychotherapeutic schools is described. First we discussed the relationship between religion and psychotherapy and then we analyzed ethical issues and practical matters of spiritual applications in therapy. The empirical study was designed as psychotherapeutic treatment of six sessions using different techniques. Different groups of experiences (of connection and flow), knowledge and acts (creative, information-oriented and spiritual tradition-oriented) were identified as connected to spirituality. They represent possible clues and activating keys of human spirituality during psychotherapy. Hypothesis of easier expressing of spirituality through non verbal artistic method rather than by verbalization wasn't proved statistically significant.
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Metaphor and emotion. "Dance out your emotion" - the interpretation of verbal communication through dancing
Hronková, Libuše ; Vaňková, Irena (referee) ; Pacovská, Jasňa (advisor)
The Hrst part ofthis dissertation focused on the summary ofthe theory hy Z. Kovecses realized in his ho ok Metaphor and Emotion in order to comprehend and structure metaphoric linguistic expressions of anger, fear, happiness, sadness, love, surprise and shame in the Czech language. These assumptions made a thesis for an experiment with four groups of dancers. The experiment investigated relations between dance movements and the aspects ofthe core domains of sadness, happiness, love, fear and anger. It showed that spatial and dynamic elements of dance movement involve aspects of intensity, passivity, control, positive-negative evaluation, non-physical unity and progress in the core domains represented hy up-down orientation, fluid in a container, naturallphysical force, an opponent, deity, unity and a journey. It validated the meaning of emotions emerging in hodily experiences in which we fmd our way within our environment.
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The global reflection of private pension pillars and its economic impacts
Červenka, Michal ; Jílek, Josef (advisor) ; Šimíček, Petr (referee)
The main addressed question of this thesis is whether international experiences indicate that private pension pillar contributes to the profitability and stability of pension system and economic development. Firstly, global private pension pillar is characterized. Its long term return is estimated from derived virtual portfolio. Following Aaron-Samuelson principle, it is calculated notional return of global public pension pillar. Comparing returns of both pillars, there is slightly higher return of private pension pillar, but considering variability, entailing risk, the public pension pillar becomes favorable. Moreover, combination of both pillar doesn't seem to be effective since both returns are well correlated. Next section of the thesis deals with economic effects of private pension pillar on labor market. Simple correlation doesn't proof a positive linking of private pension pillar's contribution magnitude and labor activity, expressed as an average annual working time of population in productivity age. Subsequent analysis of private pension pillar's outlook in selected countries illustrates unfulfilled expectations of participants in private pension pillars. Reflecting all particular findings, it wasn't confirmed that private pension pillars substantially contribute to profitability and stability of pension system and performance of economy.
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Cinematographers of czech documentary film
Šuster, Jan ; Jícha, Marek (advisor) ; Ulver, Stanislav (referee)
In my dissertation I focus on the professional, as well as on the personal, points of view of various documentary cinematographers and on the complexity of the image conveyed in the works of audiovisual documentaries.
Through the eyes of four generations of directors of photography, I seek to compose a holistic view of the Czech cinematography.
In the introduction the history of Czech documentary films is briefly outlined. The following chapter is composed of personal interviews with the four cinematographers. These professionals were chosen according to their experience with documentary films and their contribution to the Czech cinematography in general. Each one of these four professionals has a notable character which has, among their distinguished camera work, left an enduring mark on the quality of cinematographic image.
The questions directed to them are the same, thus aiming to point out a multi-generation view on the issue of camera work in Czech documentary films, as well as on the characters of the cinematographers themselves.
To conclude my dissertation I compare and contrast various attitudes toward the camera work in documentary films. By introducing my personal opinion and confronting with the ideas presented by these four generations of professionals, I aim to express the point of views of the new, fifth, generation of cinematographers.
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Effect of a graduate of field of study Special Education - tutorship in practice of providers of social care
SALABOVÁ, Jana
Theoretical part of the thesis is divided into 4 main chapters. First one deals with the helping professions generally, their definitions and definition of the Special education - Tutorship branch of study per se.It also briefly touches the subject of readiness of the future graduates to deal effectivelly with the challenges of a career in the field of social services. Chapter number two is called Special education and it defines the subject of special education itself, it's purpose and inner structure. Third chapter focuses on social services. It brings up it's definition and types and forms of social services.It also contains the examples of the institutions which fall into this category and it's providers. Chapter number four, which happens to be the last one in the theoretical part of the thesis, covers the role and purpose of graduates of the special education - tutorship studies. It brings up the definition of a social worker, necessary prerequisites as well as beneficial personality traits and feautures. In a subchapter of chapter four is a short description of a pedagogue tutor. Definition who he actually is, who are proper candidates for this position, what are desired personality traits we look for in tutors and the actual content and purpose of their work in institutions providing social services. The end of chapter four is dedicated to a position of a social worker. His activities, the position and definition of a personal assistant and again personality traits needed for a successful career in this field. The objective of the practical part of the thesis is to describe working of Special education - tutorship studies graduates in practice. Particularly their experiences "from the field", how do they evaluate the level of skill of fresh graduates during their first encounters with the reality, how satisfied are they with their choice of a career so far and what was their motivation to pursue such career. Practical part of the thesis includes qualitative research. To meet the above objectives, data collection technique had been chosen using a structured interview with the respondents, who were graduates of Special education tutorship studies. You can tell by the results of this thesis that graduates in the field of social services apply mostly to lower positions as a social service workers, even though they are qualified to perform as a social workers. The age of clients with whom the respondents work ranges from childhood to senior. The motivation that led those questioned respondents to the decision to choose the area of social services varies. Some reported that they were influenced by the actual practical experience during their studies at the university, when both the work itself and their enthusiasm for the target group played role. Others expressed they had previous experience working with people with disabilities or they just wanted to acquire new experiences. Also, involvement of a family member and their previous education was a motivation. Job satisfaction is evident from observed data, and it also contributes to work done accurately and responsibly. Personal benefits for the respondents according to findings are usually their usefulness at work, new experiences they are getting and last but not least advances of their clients. As the biggest advantage the respondents usually mention variability of their work, target group and the clients in itself and the fact, that their work is highly satisfying and they basically work in a very pleasant team of individuals. On the other hand, not exactly satisfying financial reward and challenging working hours are mentioned as disadvantages. Special education - tutorship studies - the branch they've studied, is by the majority of respondents considered to be beneficial for them and they especially highlight practical impact of practice they completed during their studies and which included visits to various relevant institutions.
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The effect of pyrethroid based pesticides on fish
RICHTEROVÁ, Zuzana
Pyrethroids are ones of the most used pesticides worldwides. The widespread use and high stability of pyrethroids lead to the assumption of that their occurrence in the environment could be quite frequent. They can reach water ecosystem as pollutants. Residues of pyrethroids are not only detected in the water column, but also in sediments and in fish tissues. The first study was devoted to the product Nexide containing 60 g.l-1 of active substance gamma-cyhalothrin. Tested Nexide concentrations were 5, 25, 50, 100, and 250 µg.l-1. Early life stage test was used.Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was tested. There were significant mortalities in all concentrations except the lowest concentration during the trial. The lowest concentration tested 5 µg.l-1 only caused a slightly increased mortality. This lowest concentration influenced the growth in length and weight negatively, decelerated ontogenetic development, and made the body surface of the individuals darker. Histopathology of individuals from this concentration revealed dystrophy in liver. Examination of kidney, intestine and gills did not show significant histopathological differences compared with control. The evaluation of selected parameters of oxidative stress demonstrated a significantly higher activity of detoxification enzyme glutathione-S.transferase (GST) and a significantly lower activity of defensive enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx) compared with the control group. The other examined parameters of oxidative stress such as catalase (CAT), glutation reductase (GR), and lipid peroxidation determined by using the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARs) were comparable to the control group. Changes in oxidative stress parameters suggest that exposure of the organism to the product Nexide in the given concentration leads to dysbalance of defensive enzymes. The second study was devoted to the product Cyperkill 25 EC containing 250 g.l-1. Tested Cyperkill 25 EC concentrations were 7.2, 36, 72, 144, and 360 µg.l-1. The procedure of the trial was the same as the preceded one. There were 100% mortalities in all concentrations except the lowest concentration during the trial. The lowest tested concentration 7.2 µg.l-1 allowed 90% of individuals to stay alive till the end of experiment. The lowest concentration influenced the growth in length and weight negatively and decelerated ontogenetic development compared with the control. Any individual exposed to this concentration did not reach juvenile stage until the end of the trial. Dark pigmentation was visible in 68% of these exposed individuals on the last day. Similar darkening was visible in individuals from higher concentrations shortly before death too. Histological examination did not revealed significant changes in intestine, liver, kidney, and gills compared with the control group. Evaluation of selected parameters of oxidative stress demonstrated significantly lower activities of GST, GR, and GPx. Activities of CAT and TBARS were comparable with the control group. Changes in oxidative stress parameters suggest that exposure of the organism to the product Cyperkill 25 EC in the given concentration could induce oxidative stress and interfere with the activities of antioxidant enzymes. The presented thesis summarises actual data about pyrethroids and their influence on fish. The demonstrated effects confirm high susceptibility of early developmental stages of fish to tested pesticides. When interpreting the results, we have to take into account the fact that studies showed this risk even on single pyrethroid substances. But water organisms are exposed to many other more or less toxic products and substances in a real environment. These xenobiotics could react with each other and their mixture could even potentiate negative effects. The performed studies also clearly show the significant differences in the sensitivity of embryonic and embryolarval tests.
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ACTOR´S STYLIZATION AND PSYCHOLOGICAL REALISM - ACTING MOTIVATION AND CHOICE OF MEANS OF EXPRESSION
Klepáčková, Klára ; Pleštilová, Miroslava (advisor) ; Grossmannová-Málková, Marie (referee)
The thesis focuses on actor´s self-knowledge throught the role of Markéta Lazarová from the performance Markéta, dcera Lazarová and the role of Nina Zarečná from the performance Racek. Choice of this contradictory styles of staging, actor´s attitude and motives, this facts allow to know itself better, to know actor´s needs and actor´s acting absence. With this annual distance it´s clearly seen that this work is not only the thesis, but also very important self-reflection , which wouldn´t have been if it wasn´t writen. Here is summed up the complete work on roles, from the very beginning, over the first reading, over the stage rehearsals to the general rehearsals and the first curtain. It´s pointed out the importance of actor´s preparation, the inspiration from other resources such as movies, literary works, music etc. This work is completed with practical advice from studies and from reading of literary works: Můj život v umění by S.K.Stanislavskij, Herecká technika by M.Čechov, O herecké technice by V.O.Toporkov, Herec a jeho cíl by D.Donnellan, Viděno z druhé strany rampy by Radovan Lukavský. What is also mentioned here is actor´s present job in Moravavské divadlo Olomouc, where is the best oportunity to try experience from the studies at DAMU.
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