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The causes and consequences of the farmland fragmentation
Janovská, Vratislava ; Sklenička, Petr (advisor) ; Karel, Karel (referee)
Fragmented ownership of agricultural land is currently a very actual topic in the Czech Republic but also abroad. The research studies were developed in collaboration with the research team at the Faculty of Environment Sciences, Department of Land Use and Improvement, led by Professor Petr Sklenička. This research is solving problems related to the impact of agricultural land use on the spatial structure of agricultural land, fragmentation, and homogenization. Scientific studies that are part of this doctoral thesis emerged progressively and are logically linked.
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Use of Festuca arundinacea for decorative lawns
Doskočil, Jan ; Svobodová, Miluše (advisor) ; Hrevušová, Zuzana (referee)
Use of Festuca arundinacea for decorative lawns
Summary
Festuca arundinacea is briefly bentgrass with broader and coarser leaves. Hardly perennial grass, native to Europe, is well known for its high resistance of dry weather, low intensity of maintenance and resistance of high use. These qualities gains thanks to its well-developed and deep root system, which is capable to gain water and nutrients from deeper parts of soil. Its use is in places with high use, like a race-course, edges of roads or vineyards alleyway. Today, in time of global warming, its usage becomes more important for park purposes and low-input turfs, where is its higher resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses, mainly against drought, utilized. Festuca arundinacea complement well with Poa pratensis in turf.
Goal of this work was to evaluate turfs with Festuca arundinacea and chosen grass species under different mowing frequency. According to hypothesis frequency shouldn´t affect turf coverage. Coverage should be same with different mixture composition with Festuca arundinacea.
The experiment was performed on experimental land of Czech university of Life Sciences Prague, Suchdol in 2015. Mixtures of Festuca arundinacea with Festuca rubra, Poa pratensis and Lolium perenne were seeded together with monocultures of these species in 2012. Mixture composition was 50/50 except mixture of Fesruca arundinacea and Poa pratensis, where the mixture was 75/25. There were conducted 63 plots, in 3 repetitions and in 3 different frequencies of mowing (by 14, 30 and 45 days). Each plot was 6 m2 big. The results were evaluated by analysis of variance ANOVA (P is smaller than 0.05) in program Statgraphics, version XV.
Influence of mixture composition to level of growth was significant. The highest level of growth has monoculture of Festuca arundinacea (10,6 cm). The lowest level of growth has monoculture of Lolium perenne (5,4 cm). Monoculture of Festuca arundinacea had the highest intensity of grow (0,07 cm/day) at 14-day frequency of moving. Lolium perenne has the lowest intensity of grow (0,02 cm/day). At 30-day frequency of mowing mixture of Festuca arundinacea with Poa pratensis has the highest intensity of grow (0,24 cm/day). The lowest intensity of grow has Lolium perenne (0,01 cm/day). The highest intensity of grow was at 45-day mowing frequency. The highest intensity of grow has mixture of Festuca arundinacea with Festuca rubra (0,75 cm/day). The lowest intensity of grow has monoculture of Lolium perenne (0,06 cm/day). Influence of mixture composition to coverage was statistically significant. The highest coverage has mixture of Festuca arundinace with Festuca rubra (81,3 %). The lowest coverage has monoculture of Lolium perenne (58,6%). Influence of frequency to level of growth was statistically significant. The highest level of growth has 45-day frequency of mowing (6 cm) and the lowest level of growth has 14-day frequency of mowing (3,8 cm). Influence of frequency to coverage was statistically significant. The highest coverage 14-day frequency of moving (76,5 %) and the lowest has 45-day frequency of growing (66,7 %).
The knowledge gained will be used for further compilation grass mixtures for park lawns. It turned out that it is better to prefer seeding mixtures with Festuca arundinacea than monocultures. To achieve high coverage and optimal intensity of growth with Festuca arundinacea was recommended to follow 30-day frequency of mowing.
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Annual progress of radial increment of selected species in Arboretum FFWS in Kostelec nad Černými lesy
Chržová, Anna ; Bažant, Václav (advisor) ; Vítámvás, Jan (referee)
Abstract
This thesis deals with the evaluation of the annual radial increment measured during the vegetation period 2014 and 2015 on three species of trees in the Arboretum of The Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences of the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague in Kostelec. Evaluation of the seasonal dynamics of radial increment of Abies grandis (Grand fir), Picea sitchensis (Sitka spruce) and Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas fir) on plot stands in the Arboretum in Kostelec was made by comparing the climate in the time period and the annual radial increment as it changed during the season. Annual radial increment of Abies grandis, Picea sitchensis and Pseudotsuga menziesii was detected by device EMS DRL26A. This device also subscribed information about the temperature during the growing season. Data was processed by software EMS Mini32 and exported to Microsoft Excel 2016. Information about the temperature, I determinated with using a meteorological station in the area of the Arboretum. Data fromdendrometer and weather station and their interdependence was evaluated using Microsoft Excel 2016 in the form of line charts. In 2014, I was dealing also phenological phases and the time of onset and end of it on observed species. Due to the extremely warm and dry year 2015, I had the opportunity to compare the responses of individual species at these climatic phenomens. In conclusion, the results are confronted with the literature searches and the discussion in this thesis, where I focused on the characteristics of measured trees and their application in European conditions
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Reintroduction of endangered vertebrate species in the Czech Republic
Prokorátová, Vendula ; Kubík, Štěpán (advisor) ; Vynikalová, Lucie (referee)
Reintroduction process, often also called repatriation, restoration of populations of
a certain species in areas where this specie was toner occurred. This work is focused on the evaluation of reintroduction, including problems that accompany it and its history. For succesfull renew of the population shall the reintroduction program have three phases. First of them is the reintroduction efore the surfy and the preparation phase. Following phase is the achal lunch of the species into to wild and final phase of reintroduction project is the follow-up care and monitoring. Reintroduction program should always involve experts from various disciplines and not only in science but also in sociology and specialists to communicate with the public. The success is also given by the cosi of these projects. Problems associated with re-introductions are several. Important thing is to select appropriate species for reintroduction which is not easy especially because of public opinion. Professional basis for the selection of species is the Red book but public opinion is in reintroduction programs very important and can be decisive. Attractive species get preference from the public view especially mammals and birds. Furthermore there are examples of successful reintroduction in the world in this work. The main par is focused on individual species of vertebrates which are relaesed into the wild in the Czech Republic: Ground squirrel Spermophilus citellus, Lyns Lynx Linch and Ural owl Strix uralensis. Each of these species is described in detail and it also includes conservation activities and cause sof Langer or extincting of species. Some organizations which are dealing with emergency programs in particular are also briefly mentioned.
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Incubation Processes in Selected Organization
Jureček, Ondřej ; Švec, Václav (advisor) ; Lukáš, Lukáš (referee)
The thesis is focused on the benefits of process management in startup incubators. The thesis aims to identify the existing cycle of incubation process and subsequently also aims to propose the optimal incubation process within the incubator Point One located at the Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague. Identification and mapping of business processes of this organization should ensure more efficient management of incubated projects in the future.
In the first part of the thesis theoretical bases are developed, which were obtained from the literature dealing with system analysis and also with identification and modeling of business processes in the organization. Subsequently the thesis introduces different approaches and developments in business management from the oldest functional management to the process and project management.
The second part introduces the incubator Point One, located at the Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, along with the services offered by this organization. The author together with the manager of the Point One incubator analyzed the current state of the organization and also identified its business processes. Business process analysis is based on the method MMABP (Methodology For Modeling And Analysis Of Business Process). Such analysis clearly defines and maps the processes of Point One incubator. Based on this analysis, the proposals of optimal organizational processes are designed.
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Cloud Computing in sector of small and middle companies
Gärtner, Adam ; Šilerová, Edita (advisor) ; Hřebejková, Jana (referee)
This research focuses on the area of cloud computing, an important research area in computer and service sciences. The general aim of this research is to emphasize the business value of cloud computing to the business. The objective of this research is to explore the economic benefits of cloud computing in order to promote its use in the sector of small and middle companies.
In order to accomplish the objectives of this research, technologies of cloud computing were studied extensively. This research relies on secondary data sourced from books and academic and business journals on service science and the cloud computing and Cloudonomics concepts. All literature is critically analyzed and finding are passed into my analysis. Subsequently, the insistent cost benefits of cloud computing are identified.
The output of this research is a practical recommendation to adopt a cloud computing as cost optional solution. Additionally, encourage IT as a business strategy, which gives the direction for future research in this specific field is suggested.
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Climate change caused by volcanic eruptions
Kolářová, Iveta ; Vokoun, Martin (advisor) ; Soukupová, Jana (referee)
This Bachelor thesis is engaged in climate changes caused by volcanic eruptions and explains, why after major volcanic eruptions follow volcanic winters. The first chapter shows the formation of volcanic activity and relations to climate changes. In three parts of the second chapter are described sectional factors (solar activity, problems of ocean currents and at-mospheric flow) to climate changes. In the third chapter are mentioned issues of science discipline of paleoclimatology and historical climatology, which combines a lot of disciplines as a geology, botany, zoology and more. The fourth chapter presents the main part of the work, because in this part is a description of the selected major volcanic eruptions of the last millennium and their consequences in the period after an explosion from the viewpoint of abnormalities in the weather. In conclusion of the Bachelor thesis is a search for an answers to question: Risks of powerful eruptions in the future and their impact on the human population.
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Statistical correction of daily precipitation sums from climate models
Hnilica, Jan ; Chára, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
Climate change prediction and evaluation of its impact currently represent one of the key challenges for the science community. Regional climate models (RCM) have been recently established as a main source of the data for climate change assessment studies. Nevertheless, RCM outputs suffer from systematic errors caused primarily by their low spatial resolution and cannot be used directly without any form of bias correction.
The bias correction is an actual topic in climatology and several correction methods were developed, ranging from the simple additive method to more advanced approaches (e.g. quantile mapping). However, despite this progress, the bias correction methods suffer from several difficulties, which bring another source of uncertainty into the climate change impact assessment studies.
This thesis is focused on two problematic points connected with the bias correction of daily precipitation data. The first one is a non-stationarity between calibration and application periods. New correction methods are developed, showing an increased resistance to non-stationary conditions. The second problem is related to the correction of a dependence (i.e. correlation and covariance) structure of multivariate precipitation data. A new procedure is proposed, correcting the complete dependence structure of the model data. All newly introduced methods are validated using measured and RCM-simulated data; the validation demonstrates their suitable applicability.
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Efficiency valuation of multiple-use forestry
Ševčík, Michal ; Hájek, Miroslav (advisor) ; Martin, Martin (referee)
The thesis outlines the facts that the multi-use forest management and evaluation of its efficiency is a difficult, continual discipline which covers greater amount of knowledge through various fields of science. The thesis tries to prove (suggests) that the forestlands are irreplaceable in performing other functions- economic, social and environmental functions in particular. The thesis deals with effective suggestions how to value these underrated effects and to find out if their production is efficient. It also explores whether a forest manager can monitor and make decisions on the basis of implementation of environmental accounting. The application of a reporting scheme, developed by the "Global reporting initiative", should be the climax of a corporate management. Moreover, this tool offers a suitable methodic software which can be used by the management to inform stakeholders. Eventually, stakeholders can use reports to evaluate the efficiency of corporate forest management, particularly in the field of non-productive forest functions. The thesis deal with three firm to identify scope nonproduction function brings. The thesis deal with development of equation used in financial analysis or methods used for qualitative measurement, commonly used in other industries. The amount of cost and revenues assumed from research will be used for evalaution of total rate of efficiency in forest company.
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Changes of proline concentration and electrolyte leakage in the selected species of the Panicoideae tribe under water deficit.
Nováková, Hana ; Hnilička, František (advisor) ; Václav, Václav (referee)
The theme of this thesis is the impact of water deficit on the concentration of proline and electrolyte leakage from representatives of the Panicoideae tribe. The impact of drought on agricultural production in the environment of the Czech Republic is currently an important issue. The exceptionall dry year of 2014/2015 and the associated water deficit in the soil had an impact mainly on the harvest of wide-row crops, including maize. Representatives of the Panicoideae tribe - sorghum and foxtail millet are the most drought-resistance crops in the world. Sorghum and foxtail millet belong to II. group of cereals like maize. Sorghum and foxtail millet show lower transpiration coefficient than maize, they also tolerates less demanding growing conditions and are more resistant to diseases and pests. They also compete with maize in a wide range of applications. It is therefore appropriate to determine how these crops respond to water deficit during their ontogenetic development. For the purposes of this experiment genotypes originating from conditions of temperate climate were selected, this genotypes have a shorter growing season. A short growing season is an important factor in the timing of the harvest of the late sown crops in our climate.
The aim of the thesis was to determine and evaluate the impact of water deficit on the concentration of proline and electrolyte leakage in selected genotypes of sorghum and foxtail millet and on the basis of the results to select genotypes with high resistance to water deficit. Based on the aims the following hypotheses were set: to determine whether there are differences in the concentration of proline and electrolyte leakage between selected genotypes depending on the effect of water deficit and whether there are differences in these physiological characteristics in response to water deficit between sorghum and foxtail millet. To fulfill the objectives and evaluation the hypothesis was based on the greenhouse experiment with selected genotypes of sorghum and foxtail millet at the Department of Botany and Plant Physiology in the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague.
The experiment included 4 genotypes of the species Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. (Sorghum): 1216, 30485, Barnard Red and Ruzrok and one variety of the species Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. (Foxtail millet) Ruberit. A total of 4 variants were designated for the experiment (one control and three under the influence of water deficit in different times). The plants in the control variant were full irrigated throughout the experiment. Variant KS was irrigated for the first 14 days, followed by 10 days without watering and the last 4 days were again irrigated. Plants in variant SK were under the influence of water deficit for the first 10 days of the experiment, then 18 days with watering and the plants in the variant SS were without watering for the first 10 days, for the next 4 days were without watering, then the same pattern was repeated: 10 days without and 4 days with watering. Physiological characteristics were observed in plants in the developmental stages BBCH 14-16. The concentration of proline was determined by measuring the absorbance of the samples formed by the reaction with ninhydrin. Subsequently, the measured values were compared with the calibration curve. To measure the sample absorbance at 520 nm a spectrophotometer Hellios gama (Thermo) was used. Electrolyte leakage on discs made from leafs was measured with electrical conductivity meter GRYF 158 (HB Griffin, Ltd.).
The obtained results show that the proline concentration increased in response to water stress, since the highest concentration of proline was detected in plants growing in the most stressed variant of SS (670.13 micrograms) compared with other variants of stress. Plants variant KS (643.85 micrograms) showed a higher accumulation than the proline in variant SK (636.69 micrograms). The highest concentration of proline was measured on a genotype in the variety of sorghum Ruzrok (642.94 micrograms). The lowest content of proline was found in the variety of sorghum 1216 (623.78 micrograms), this value was also the only significant difference from the contents of proline to other genotypes. Which at least partly confirms the proposed hypothesis that there are differences in the content of proline between genotypes.
The highest electrolyte leakage cell damage was respectively exhibited in plants from the variant SS (39.56%). Plants of the SK variant showed a higher rate of cell damage (32.95%) than plants from the variant KS (29.88%). The lowest cell damage was exhibited in plants grown under control conditions, which again indicates that damage cells increases in response to water deficit. In this experiment the highest degree of cell damage was found in the variety of sorghum 1216 (29.26%) and lowest cell damage was observed in the variety of sorghum Ruzrok (27.03%). A significant different degree of cell damage appeared only in the variety foxtail millet Ruberit (28.6%), which confirms our hypothesis that there are differences in the electrolyte leakage between sorghum and foxtail millet.
The hypotheses were not fully confirmed by the experiment. Nevertheless, on the basis of obtained results we conclude that the least drought-resistance genotype is the 1216 variety and the best adapted to the water deficit was the Ruzrok variety. It also confirmed that the higher proline accumulation may protect the plant against the negative effects of water deficit on the cell membranes, which is then reflected in a reduced electrolyte leakage.
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