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Cognitive flexibility in selected animal models of psychiatric disorders
Janíková, Martina ; Stuchlík, Aleš (advisor) ; Rokyta, Richard (referee) ; Ježek, Karel (referee)
Cognitive flexibility is the ability to adjust thinking and behavior based on changing conditions. Cognitive rigidity has been described in a variety of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and has been suggested to contribute to symptom maintenance. Therefore, we aimed to study cognitive flexibility and other behavioral characteristics in several rodent models relevant to schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. In a two-hit mice model relevant to schizophrenia, we found the between-group difference in set- shifting and decreased number of parvalbumin interneurons in the hippocampus of stressed female mice. Interestingly, we found no impairment in any other behavioral task. In two pharmacological rat models relevant to OCD, we showed that sensitization to D2/D3 receptor agonist quinpirole and serotonin 1A/7 agonist 8-OH-DPAT produced severe spatial learning and memory impairment in the Active Allothetic Place Avoidance task. The impairment was so severe that the reversal couldn't be tested. Surprisingly, drugs decreasing glutamatergic neurotransmission, memantine and riluzole, further impaired the performance in both models, although no such effect was observed when they were applied alone. Lastly, we showed that the knockout of a collapsin response...
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Friendships and partner relationships in young adults with autism spectrum disorder
Slavíčková, Kateřina ; Sotáková, Hana (advisor) ; Kucharská, Anna (referee)
This master thesis examines friendship and partnership relationships in young adults with autism spectrum disorders. In the literature section, the definition of autism spectrum disorders according to the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems and the American Psychiatric Association's DSM-V manual is presented, the specific areas of autism spectrum disorders are discussed, with attention being paid mainly to the social area, and the chapter also focuses on diagnosis and support options. The next chapter covers general aspects of friendship and specifics in friendships for people on the spectrum. The chapter on partner relationships is divided in the same way. The literature section also includes specifics of relationships in the online world and concludes with a brief summary. The research section begins by introducing the research objectives and research questions. The research design was conceived as qualitative. The research was conducted in two phases, the first of which was an online questionnaire. The second phase then consisted of semi- structured interviews that aimed to deepen the findings from the questionnaire. Both phases of the research were evaluated qualitatively using the thematic analysis method. The results of the thesis describe how people on the...
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Francoise Dolto - a personality of 20th century French pedagogy
Říhová, Nikola ; Klinka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Ébert-Zeminová, Catherine (referee)
This thesis deals with the life of the French psychoanalyst and paediatrician Françoise Dolto. Thesis treats her personal life, defines the essential moments in her professional development. It summarises her theoretical ideas concerning child education and upbringing, child psychoanalysis and also touches on her impact on comtemporary educational practice. KEYWORDS Françoise Dolto, pedagogy, psychoanalysis, autism spectrum disorder, education
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Homesharing pohledem nezapojených nestátních neziskových organizací
VANÍČKOVÁ, Kristýna
The thesis deals with the topic of homesharing and summarizes its implementation in the Czech Republic. The thesis sets two objectives, namely to survey the views of the representatives of non-participating non-governmental organisations (hereinafter referred to as NGOs) on the need for homesharing services in regions where homesharing is not organised; and to examine the opinion of the representatives of non-participating NGOs on the organisation of homesharing in the Czech Republic. The research is conducted through a qualitative research strategy, using semi-structured interviews. The method of deliberate (purposive) sampling was adopted to select the research population. The research sample consists of 13 managers of NGOs located in regions where homesharing is not organised and 1 programme manager of the Abakus Foundation. The analysis of the results is conducted using open coding and axial coding, and a paradigmatic model is created. The data obtained are processed using ATLAS.ti 8 software. The data analysis revealed the perceptions of the NGO representatives regarding the Czech concept of homesharing, its necessity and also its organisation. The representatives of the non-participating NGOs perceive the need for homesharing mainly in connection with the drastic lack of social services for people with autism spectrum disorder particularly in the afternoon or at the weekends. The findings indicate that homesharing has the potential to complement social services. Not all areas of the organisation of homesharing are perceived positively by NGO representatives. The results show a lack of promotion and insufficient distribution of NGOs providing homesharing. The research reveals a certain lack of interest on the part of the representatives towards the inclusion of homesharing services. The thesis contains a subjective evaluation of homesharing by NGO representatives, which can serve as feedback for NGOs organizing homesharing in the Czech Republic. The thesis can also be used as a source of information for the wider public interested in the Czech concept of homesharing.
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Problems of Autism Spectrum Disorders from the perspective of pediatricians
VLÁŠKOVÁ, Lenka
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of autism spectrum disorders from the perspective of pediatricians. The aim of this thesis is to identify how general practitioners for children and adolescents in the South Bohemia region carry out screening for early detection of autism spectrum disorders in their practices and how they proceed in case of a positive result. The sub-objective was to find out what general practitioners for children and adolescents see as the biggest problem in the diagnostic process for these children. The thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The first chapter of the theoretical part is devoted to individual autism spectrum disorders, the second chapter explains the so-called "triad" of problem areas, the third describes screening and diagnostic tools, and the last chapter focuses on the possibilities of care for individuals with autism spectrum disorders. The practical part is conducted through qualitative research and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from pediatric and adolescent general practitioners. Furthermore, two case studies of children with autism spectrum disorder are presented in this part. Semi-structured interviews with parents and educational staff and a desk study were also used to collect data for the case studies. The data obtained show that general practitioners for children and adolescents perform screening for early detection of autism spectrum disorders during regular preventive examinations at 18 months of the child and repeat the screening again after six months in case of a positive result. Child and adolescent practitioners see the biggest problem in the diagnostic process as the lack of specialists to follow up their work.
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Specifics of parenting a child with autism spectrum disorder
Duková, Martina ; Valešová Malecová, Barbara (advisor) ; Mužáková, Monika (referee)
The focus of this diploma thesis is on parenting a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In the diploma thesis, specific aspects and differences of family functioning are discussed. In the theoretical segment, pervasive developmental disorders are defined historically. They define individual types of autism spectrum disorders with an emphasis on distinctive characteristics of deficient areas of development, and identify specific aspects of family life. It is also aimed at diagnosing autistic children and finding help and support for their parents. Qualitative research is the main focus of the practical segment. It aims to capture and map in detail important moments from the private lives of three families, in order to better understand their subjective experience of parenting a child with an autism spectrum disorder.
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Specifics of working with autistic clients in weekly residential care
ROZBOUDOVÁ, Markéta
The bachelor thesis deals with the specifics of the work with autistic clients in the weekly residential care of the Autis centrum, o.p.s. organization here in České Budějovice. The theoretical part of the thesis focuses mainly on the concept of autism and what is related to this concept. An integral part of the work is the introduction of the weekly residential care service provided by the organization. The practical part consists of qualitative research, which is carried out using semi-structured interviews with direct care workers in the weekly residential care.
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