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The abyss of the imagination: reason, limit and freedom in Kant's and Schelling's aesthetics
Rodriguez, Juan José ; Carlson, Sacha (advisor) ; Vrabec, Martin (referee)
In this dissertation we propose to study the identification of the productive imagination with reason within Schelling's aesthetic idealism, an identification which leads us to propose, in what follows, an "inverted" philosophical reading of the power of aesthetic judgement of the Critique of the power of judgement (1790) of Kant, based on the monist- immanent metaphysics of Schelling's System of Identity (1801-1804). This approach to Kant's third Critique also demonstrates the originality of this dissertation, since the traditional reading of the Critique of the power of judgement with German idealism has underlined, from Hegel to Lukacs or Hartmann, the centrality of the teleological part of the work of 1790. The authors of German idealism and romanticism mainly saw teleological judgment as a factor of unity between the theoretical and practical domains. This point of the Kantian argument can be seen as a link between Spinoza and Hegel regarding the concepts of organism, totality and reciprocal action, which Hegel mainly brings into play in his conception of a system. In this dissertation, we will travel a more winding and heterodox path, less explored, which focuses on the objective potential of the aesthetic phenomenon, as well as on its scope and limits, in the reverse transition that we...
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Human in the light of science
Houdek, Tomáš ; Novák, Aleš (advisor) ; Chavalka, Jakub (referee) ; Prázný, Aleš (referee)
The paper thematizes the concept of science in mid- and late thinking of Friedrich Nietzsche in the context of his understanding of scientific cognition of both: human and its world. The study introduces the problem of science and cognition in general in connection with significant motives of Nietzsche's thinking: morality, the revaluation of all values, thinking and living "beyond good and evil", freedom, human body, the superhuman motive, ascetic ideals, and more. Emphasis is put on the problem of veracity in the context of Nietzsche's attitude to idealism. Keywords Human; Superhuman; Nietzsche; Moral Philosophy; Cognition; Truth; Error; Intelect; Body; The Will to Power; Drive and Instinct; Evolution; Idealism; Nihilism; Amor fati; Beyond Good and Evil; Freedom; Ascetic ideals
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Goethe's Phenomenology
Bojda, Martin ; Benyovszky, Ladislav (advisor) ; Nitsche, Martin (referee) ; Sobotka, Milan (referee)
Goethe' s Phenomenology - Abstract The aim of this thesis was to explain the philosophical foundations and horizons of the work of Johann Wolfgang Goethe, with an emphasis on his concept of phenomenon and appearing, in which he is presented as a significant contributor to the reflection of the category of mediation in German late Enlightenment and idealistic discourse. The work showed how Goethe's (including poetic) works show some theoretically based or systematizable aspects which genealogy, reception and applicability in general the author attempts to interpret. He also interprets the philosophemes connected with Goethe's work: he puts Goethe in the contexts of the German and European thinking of the age of the Enlightenment, of its rationalist bases and of its rethinking of the nineteenth- century concepts of thought. The work shows the breadth and complexity of Goethe's spiritual resources and their creative appropriation by him, as well as the far-reaching influence of Goethe on the German philosophy already in his time (Hegel, Schelling, Schopenhauer, etc.). He tries to overcome the stereotypes or shortcomings he finds in several previous interpretations, discussing first the philosophical literature about Goethe. In systematic and historical contexts, he represents Goethe confrontations with the...
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French Socialist Party Split - idealism X realism
Elbel, Ondřej ; Perottino, Michel (advisor) ; Brunclík, Miloš (referee)
This work aims to analyze a crisis in French Socialist party between 2016-2018. It was an era of a quite deep confusion in the French socialist movement. The party then failed to preserve its own unity and split into several smaller groups. This work tries to identify some reasons of this division. Firstly, it can be useful to outline a history of the French Socialist party. In concordance with Angelo Panebianco and his concept of genetic code of political parties, this text will be focused on the circumstances of the Socialist party's origins in 1905. Afterwards, we will be able to identify several consequences of this process. Moreover, the special emphasis is laid on a conflict amid supporters of pragmatic or ideological policy in Socialist party. This timeline will be enriched by a systematic overview of the Socialist party's structure. That chapter will tend to demonstrate especially how much the concept of Socialist party membership evolved in last 40 years and what consequences it has. Finally, the last part of this work looks at the condition of the Socialist party amid 2016-2018 using the conclusions of previous chapters.
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Zwischenraum and Denkraum in the context of ascent and fall in the Mnemosyne Atlas of Aby M. Warburg
Váša, Ondřej ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Vojvodík, Josef (referee) ; Konečný, Lubomír (referee)
The doctoral thesis focuses on the Warburg's concept of thought space [Denkraum] and the related concept of artistic creation as an interface between the affections and abstract thinking [Zwischenraum], representing the key concepts of his late work (especially between the years 1920- 1929), culminating in the pictorial atlas Mnemosyne. In this context, the thesis focuses on the motive of ascent as well, and concludes that the pathos formula of ascent plays a crucial historical role in the constitution of modern Denkraum and forms one of the fundamental constitutive parameters of the thought-space, whose own metaphorical perspective is the contemporary aviation. For an adequate reflection of the historical development of this Denkraum, Warburg turns to the physical models of thought and artistic creation, including an attempt to use Einstein's theories of relativity. The key role of the motive of ascent in the constitution of Denkraum subsequently shapes this thought space within the confines of Renaissance humanism.
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Dialogue Rádl versus Hejdánek
Doležal, Kryštof ; Kučera, Jan (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
The problem of nation and nationalism is the subject of reflections in Czech political thought from the late 19th century; broader problem with definition of nation and its meaning constitutes more than centennial polemic called "the Czech question". This bachelor thesis inquiries chapter of this controversy, the works of two Protestant philosophers: Emanuel Rádl and Ladislav Hejdánek. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to compare concepts of these authors that are related to the nation, nationalism and philosophy of history. Furthermore, this bachelor thesis discloses continuity of certain idealistic-theological tradition, whose roots are discoverable (according to one interpretation) in ancient Israel. For Rádl and Hejdánek nation is a moral category, which is why the ethic aspects are central motive for their analysis of nation.
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The Ideological Foundations of American Foreign Policy: John Lock's liberalism
Kárník, Jan ; Franěk, Jakub (advisor) ; Ditrych, Ondřej (referee)
Main focus of this bachelor thesis is the influence of John Locke's political theory on American foreign policy. Its aim is to reveal the colonial context of Locke's theory and link it with American exceptionalism and also to identify some features of Locke's theory with the "War on Terror" and the so-called "Bush Doctrine". Two dichotomies typical of American foreign policy studies are being examined, realism-idealism and isolationism-expansionism. To understand them better, the thesis examines briefly the history of the early American republic with an emphasis on the so-called Monroe Doctrine. In conclusion, the author states that the tradition of American foreign policy is rather expansionist and unilateralist then isolationist and that it is hard to place it clearly in the realism-idealism dichotomy. Locke's political theory is found at the core of American exceptionalism and idealism and some features of Locke' theory are found in the "War on Terror" and in the "Bush doctrine". At the end it is argued, that it is necessary to keep in mind the eurocentrism of Locke's theory and the ideological nature of American exceptionalism when studying American foreign policy.
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The Influence of Benedetto Croce's Philosophy on the Aesthetics od Josef Bartoš
Krejčová, Martina ; Kaplický, Martin (advisor) ; Dykast, Roman (referee)
This thesis deals with the Benedetto Croce's influence on the aesthetics of Josef Bartoš mainly between the years 1920 and 1929. It presents the historical facts effecting this influence and also the theoretical themes that determine the nature of the connection between Benedetto Croce and Josef Bartoš. Focusing on the historical parts of this thesis, the main point is to describe the evolution of the aesthetic attitudes of Josef Bartoš towards Benedetto Croce's philosophical system, and to find out the possible historical events that could play certain part in the evolution. On the level of theoretical survey the thesis describes the change of aesthetic attitudes of Josef Bartoš concerning the evolution of his theoretical specialisations and also the change in the scale of his philosophical studies. Mainly, the evolution of his attitudes is evident in his journal studies and also in his unpublished personal notes which are gathered in the estate of Josef Bartoš in Czech Music Museum.
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