|
|
Hybrid threats and national security agenda
DOLEŽALOVÁ, Šárka
Hybrid threats and the state security agenda are currently very much debated topics. With the continuous development of IT technologies and changes in military and non-military tactics, hybrid warfare is gradually becoming the dominant way of conducting modern conflicts, which take place largely in cyberspace. The national security agenda is closely related to hybrid threats, as it describes the functioning of the security system of the Czech Republic, in connection with both conventional and modern security threats. The objectives of this thesis are three in total, it involves obtaining information about threats in cyberspace, and how to counter these threats, and further analyze the emergence and spread of so-called fake news that threatens human society. Last objective is to describe the so-called information war and the competence of the government against the spread of fake news. The theoretical part of this thesis first deals with basic definitions from the areas of state security, state security system, hybrid warfare, cyberspace and fake news. The selected topics are related to the current situation and specifics in the Czech Republic. Next part of the theoretical part describes discursive analysis, as it is a method used in the practical part of this thesis. The practical part focuses on the discursive analysis of fake news from the Russia-Ukraine conflict. The basic article is about summary of several fake news and correcting them. For each fake news, there was an effort to find a relevant article from the Czech media and to find out to what extent the opinions in them coincide and how individual events are perceived in the Czech Republic. The resulting analyzes answered the question from the assignment "What effect do fake nws have on the state security policy?" How can we stop the spread of fake news?" And thanks to them, all 4 goals were met.
|
|
|
Fake news a nástroje jejich odhalování
HAVELCOVÁ, Tereza
In response to the increasing danger connected to the issue of the spread of fake news the thesis focuses on the distinction of terms associated with the fake news phenomenon (fake news, disinformation, hoax, conspiracy, manipulation, propaganda etc.), introduces different types of news media (traditional media, alternative media, fake news sites and social media). The thesis further states potential reasons for the mistrust in mainstream media as a possible cause of the recipients' inclination to alternative sources. In response to the increasing number of information coming from different types of news sources, there is a growing need to verify this information, thus the key competencies (critical thinking and media literacy) in the fight against the fake news are introduced. The thesis further elaborates the issue of automatic verification (along with its effectiveness) of news on the internet. Online applications exposing fake news sites are subjected to research in comparative analysis. The results of the examination highlight some of their imperfections that online tools contend.
|
|
|
Fake news in the hybrid war - case study of the conflict in Ukraine in the year 2014
Samseli, Andrea ; Köpplová, Barbara (advisor) ; Křeček, Jan (referee)
1 UNIVERZITA KARLOVA FAKULTA SOCIÁLNÍCH VĚD Institut komunikačních studií a žurnalistiky Katedra mediálních studií Diplomová práce 2022 Andrea Kačírová 2 UNIVERZITA KARLOVA FAKULTA SOCIÁLNÍCH VĚD Institut komunikačních studií a žurnalistiky Katedra mediálních studií Fake news v hybridní válce - případová studie konfliktu na Ukrajině v roce 2014 (Fake news v hybridnej vojne - prípadová štúdia konfliktu na Ukrajine v roku 2014) Diplomová práce Autor práce: Andrea Kačírová Studijní program: Mediální studia (Distanční) Vedoucí práce: PhDr. Jan Cebe, Ph.D. Rok obhajoby: 2022 3 Prohlášení 1. Prohlašuji, že jsem předkládanou práci zpracovala samostatně a použila jen uvedené prameny a literaturu. 2. Prohlašuji, že práce nebyla využita k získání jiného titulu. 3. Souhlasím s tím, aby práce byla zpřístupněna pro studijní a výzkumné účely. V Praze dne 2.8.2022 Andrea Kačírová 4 Bibliografický záznam KAČÍROVÁ, Andrea. Fake news v hybridnej vojne - prípadová štúdia konfliktu na Ukrajine v roku 2014. Praha, 2022. 73 s. Diplomová práce (Mgr.). Univerzita Karlova, Fakulta sociálních věd, Institut komunikačních studií a žurnalistiky, Katedra mediálních studií. Vedoucí diplomové práce PhDr. Jan Cebe, Ph.D. Rozsah práce: 121 409 znaků (včetně mezer) 5 Abstract This diploma thesis describes with fake news as one of the tools...
|
|
|
Evolution of information warfare expert environment in Czechia
Čičmanec, Martin ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
As the tensions between Russia and the West had grown, so had the intensity of hybrid warfare operations, such as Russian disinformation campaigns. These campaigns have contributed to the current polarization of societies not only in the USA, but also in many EU countries and have prompted Western societies to seek appropriate ways to defend themselves against information warfare. Over the last decade, a colourful community of experts developed, empowered to identify specific threats and propose solutions. This study explores how the growing securitization of disinformation affects the development of security expertise in Czechia. Sociological methods, social network analysis, and social capital were applied to uncover and analyze a network of security experts focused on information warfare. SNA allowed mapping both networks of crucial organizers and experts, their social relations, and professional backgrounds. The analyses showed ongoing dynamic development of the network characterized by growing complexity and fragmentation. However, the network is united in its stance on opposing pro-Russian influences. As the network developed, new topics and experts with professional backgrounds emerged. Nevertheless, think tanks remain recognized as both key experts and organizers, drawing their expertise...
|
|
|
Fake news as a security and political issue today
Hadbavniková, Ivana ; Romancov, Michael (advisor) ; Charvát, Jan (referee)
The topic of this diploma thesis is fake news as a current security and political problem. The term fake news is not officially codified. This diploma thesis will mainly focus on the theoretical definition of the term fake news and its differentiation from similar terms with which it's often interchanged incorrectly. Furthermore, this thesis will focus on social media, which can be used to spread fake news, as well as on the methods used for distinguishing fake news in the online world. The term fake news is also often connected with the term hybrid threat also referred to as a possible tool of the hybrid war, therefore this thesis will dedicate a section to these concepts and their critique. Fake news as a security and political issue will be observed within the example of the Czech Republic based on the selected definition of fake new with focus on the influence of Russia. First, actors who are possibly responsible for spread of fake news within the Czech Republic will be mapped, after which four specific websites and their reporting on certain news events in connection with Russia in the period from March 2020 until present will be examined.
|
|
|
The influence of personality and selected media on the perception of the Covid-19 pandemic
El Hadjoine, Muhamed Amin ; Vranka, Marek (advisor) ; Ježková, Tereza (referee)
The subject of this diploma thesis is the issue of spreading false reports about the disease COVID-19. The work aims to map the relationship between personality traits, political orientation, used sources of information, and susceptibility to conspiracy theories in the Slovak Republic with the help of quantitative research, specifically a questionnaire survey. The theoretical part of the thesis explains the key concepts, concepts related to false reports, their characteristics and dissemination practices. Following the set goals, it presents psychological factors that influence the spread of false information, justifies the tendency of a large part of the population to trust false reports, and presents the concepts of a five-factor model of personality and cognitive reflection testing. The practical part of the work is devoted to research, the aim of which was to present the factors influencing the tendency to consider false reports about the disease COVID-19 to be credible. Greater attention has been paid to the influence of individuals' personalities on their attitudes to pandemics. The data collected in the form of a questionnaire survey suggest that personality characteristics do not have a significant effect on the tendency to believe in false reports. However, research suggests that...
|
|
|
Disinformation on Czech Fake News Websites during Covid-19 Pandemic
Schneiderová, Soňa ; Moravec, Václav (advisor) ; Končelík, Jakub (referee)
The Bachelor thesis "Disinformation on Czech disinformation websites during the covid-19 pandemic" studies the content published on the disinformation media Ac24.cz, Sputnik, Aeronet and Parlamentní listy during the covid-19 pandemic and examines it in the context of the false news phenomenon. The goal of the thesis is to analyze articles on the mentioned websites, find out what topics the articles were about and how they were changing over time. At the same time, this thesis also examines the format of the articles, the presence or absence of clickbait headlines and if their authors were anonymous or not. In the theoretical part of the thesis, the concept of false news is explained first, together with its division into misinformation, malinformation and disinformation. In the following subchapters, disinformation is discussed the most, as well as the risks connected to it, its authors and the disinformation media. The thesis also deals with the topic of legislation and the regulation of disinformation and the disinformation media. In the second part of the thesis, the research including the methodology is introduced. The research is based on a quantitative content analysis, supplemented by a qualitative content analysis. The research sample consists of a random selection of ten articles published...
|
|
|
Disinformation narratives in the Czech cyberspace in regarding the vaccination against Covid-19
Hospodárová, Klára ; Moravec, Václav (advisor) ; Miessler, Jan (referee)
The bachelor's thesis "Disinformation narratives in the Czech cyberspace in regarding the vaccination against COVID-19" in the context of the phenomenon of misleading, false or pseudo news deals with the way of the news media informing in the Czech environment combined with interpretation of not only these messages by non-professional social network users. The aim of the thesis is to find out whether there is a real correlation between professional and nonprofessional content in the same relevant period. In the theoretical part, emphasis is placed on a sufficient and, above all, comprehensible definition of terms related to the issue of information disorders, including the ordering of individual terms. In the first part of the work, facts are based on relevant sources of internal and foreign literature. In the second part of the work, I present the research background, including hypotheses and research questions. The whole thesis is based on a qualitative research method, which focuses on the analysis of articles produced by professional journalism in contrast to the posts available on the social network Facebook, whose authors are users from the general public, i.e., nonprofessional users. The results are summarized in the conclusion, which evaluates the course and knowledge gained in the...
|
|
|
Media Literacy of Students of the Czech Upper Primary Schools
Šebestová, Nela ; Wolák, Radim (advisor) ; Supa, Markéta (referee)
This diploma thesis entitled Media Literacy of Students of The Czech Upper Primary Schools deals with media education and media literacy of Czech upper primary school students with focus on their abilities to analyze and verify media messages. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the implementation and concept of media education in Czech educational system and also presents media education within the Educational Program Framework (Rámcový vzdělávací program). Furthermore, the document Recommended Expected Outcomes for Media Education (Doporučené očekávané výstupy pro mediální výchovu) is presented in more detail, on the basis of which the first part of the questionnaire in the research section was created. Then, in this work, media literacy is defined, and especially the key concepts of disinformation, fake news and hoaxes. The most up-to-date research on the level of media literacy is also presented here. Furthermore, projects that have been and are being created in the Czech Republic for the purpose of education in the field of media literacy are presented. The aim of the research part is to measure the level of media literacy at the Czech upper primary schools using quantitative methods in the form of a questionnaire survey and a qualitative method in the form of focus groups....
|
|
|
Photography and its authenticity in the context of the debate about disseminating disinformation in the online environment
Cengrová, Michaela ; Řehořová, Irena (advisor) ; Švantner, Martin (referee)
The submitted thesis focuses on the photograph and its role in the process of disseminating disinformation in the online environment. The thesis deals with the opinion that, despite the fundamental changes in the understanding of photography and its credibility, which together with the transition from its analogue form to digital one, photography retains the status of an authentic medium. For this reason photography is becoming a very powerful tool for spreading misinformation. The thesis deals with the theoretical basis of objectivity of photography, its documentary value and expectation of authenticity. The role of the context, which is crucial for understanding the photographic message, will be emphasized. The thesis also defines the basic concepts related to the phenomenon of disinformation. The strategies used to spread disinformation via photography is also presented. In the practical part of the thesis particular disinformative photographic messages is analyzed. Ways to verify the authenticity of particular photographic images are presented. Keywords: photography, authenticity, disinformation, hoax, fake news, online environment, manipulation
|
guest ::
