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Giuliani's Zero Tolerance Policy and Its Effectiveness
Tršová, Andrea ; Kozák, Kryštof (advisor) ; Calda, Miloš (referee)
The topic of this thesis is the zero tolerance policing which was established in New York in the second half of the 1990s. Authors of this police approach were New York City Mayor Rudolph Giuliani and Police Commissioner William Bratton. They took their offices in 1994, when there were very high crime rates in New York. Crime rates increased mainly in the 1980s but the situation was still very serious in the beginning of the 1990s. Under Bratton, who had a political support from mayor Giuliani, the New York Police Department adopted a strict law enforcement strategy, which is also called the zero tolerance. In the following years the crime rates went down indeed, and Giuliani and Bratton claimed credit for this crime drop. However, a lot of criticism of their police approach appeared soon and many studies explained falling crime rates as a result of other factors. This paper focuses on the description of changes that took place in the New York Police Department and on the discussion about factors that might have caused the crime drop. The purpose of this paper it to explain what the zero tolerance policing is, to analyze different factors that might have had caused declining of crime rates and to consider the effect of zero tolerance on crime rates.
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Possibilities of psychological intervention in the sphere of crime prevention
Kolářová, Renata ; Netík, Karel (advisor) ; Gillernová, Ilona (referee)
This Diploma Thesis deals with crime prevention, especially with psychological aspects of this interdisciplinary field. The content of this work is divided in two main sections, theoretical and research section. The theoretical section introduces basic concepts of crime prevention, criminogenic theory and the most important psychological aspects of criminality. The research section monitors 18 selected psychological criminogenic factors that are evaluated by respondents from the professional community according to the importance for the development of delinquent behavior and according to the possibility of their elimination by psychological instruments. Recommendations of psychological interventions suitable for the elimination of criminogenic factors and a personal experience in this field are attached by research respondents too. Summary of findings provides background for the use of psychological interventions in crime prevention practice.
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Attitudes to the Education of the Romany Students
Vernerová, Jitka ; Dvořáková, Markéta (advisor) ; Tichá, Milena (referee)
The topic of this thesis, "Attitudes to the Education of the Romany students", is looking at instruction of Roma people as a tool for crime prevention related to this ethnic group. The purpose of this text is to assess the practical impacts of the implementation of the Czech government's "Strategy for Crime Prevention", based on personal experience and involvement in a project related to it. A specific project, in a selected area, is used as an example of how to implement projects of this kind. The following text is split into two parts. The first part is describing the history of Roma people in the Czech lands, and addresses the relationship between this ethnic group and crime. The second part is focused on the project related to the Strategy for Crime Prevention. The Strategy is first theoretically introduced and then described in practical terms in the given locality.
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Hot spot analysis of car thefts in Liberec
Kostka, Jiří ; Jíchová, Jana (advisor) ; Netrdová, Pavlína (referee)
My diploma thesis deals with distribution analysis of car thefts in the town of Liberec and will look at the options of situational crime prevention techniques. In my diploma thesis I have used the concept of hot spots which is able to show higher than average concentrations of car thefts in the study area. The database is relatively unique, provided by the regional police department in Liberec and contains the records of more than a thousand reported car thefts in Liberec between the years 2011-2014. The provided data contains GPS coordinates and thanks to them, it was possible, with relatively high accuracy, to identify hot spots of car thefts in Liberec. The identification of hot spots was possible as spatial statistics were used that enabled concrete calculations of kernel density, which made it possible to identify problem locations. In our chosen hot spots we then undertook our fieldwork, whose main goal was to evaluate the options of utilization strategy CPTED, so as to obtain preventive measures in problem locations. The output of this thesis include hot spot maps of car thefts 2011-2014 and also recommendations for preventive measures, which would be advisable to implement in chosen hot spots. Key words: car thefts, crime mapping, CPTED, hot spot, crime prevention, GIS
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Significance of Victimology for the Crime Prevention
Havaš, Marko ; Vokoun, Rudolf (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to provide an information about victimology, especially in terms of a science regarding the victims of crime and means to help them, as well as to show how the knowledge provided by this science can be practically used to prevent crime. The thesis consists of introduction, conclusion and 6 chapters. The first chapter briefly introduces the concept of criminality, as well as the basic characteristics of the extent, structure, intensity and dynamics of criminality. It also deals with the role of criminology in relation to the research of crime and it mentions the differences between real and latent crime. The second chapter provides a comprehensive interpretation of crime prevention. First, it is anchored in the system of crime control, and then the concepts of object and subject of crime prevention are introduced. The chapter also presents the models of crime prevention, where two important ways of division are elaborated upon - the division into primary, secondary and tertiary prevention, and the division into social, situational and victimological prevention. Finally, the chapter outlines the limits of crime prevention and it also includes consideration of the role of crime prevention in the contemporary world. The third chapter presents victimology as a science, introduces its...
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Significance of Victimology for the Crime Prevention
Havaš, Marko ; Beranová, Andrea (advisor) ; Krupička, Jiří (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to provide an information about victimology, especially in terms of a science regarding the victims of crime and means to help them, as well as to show how the knowledge provided by this science can be practically used to prevent crime. The thesis consists of introduction, conclusion and 6 chapters. The first chapter briefly introduces the concept of criminality, as well as the basic characteristics of the extent, structure, intensity and dynamics of criminality. It also deals with the role of criminology in relation to the research of crime and it mentions the differences between real and latent crime. The second chapter provides a comprehensive interpretation of crime prevention. First, it is anchored in the system of crime control, and then the concepts of object and subject of crime prevention are introduced. The chapter also presents the models of crime prevention, where two important ways of division are elaborated upon - the division into primary, secondary and tertiary prevention, and the division into social, situational and victimological prevention. Finally, the chapter outlines the limits of crime prevention and it also includes consideration of the role of crime prevention in the contemporary world. The third chapter presents victimology as a science, introduces its...
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Crime Prevention
Michal, Jakub ; Tlapák Navrátilová, Jana (advisor) ; Galovcová, Ingrid (referee)
Crime Prevention - Abstract - keywords Abstract The thesis outlines the current theoretical knowledge in the area of crime prevention. It focuses on the definition of crime prevention as one of two components of crime control, as opposed to the repressive component. It also introduces various views on the definition of crime prevention presented in literature. Furthermore, it discusses the theoretical classification of crime prevention with a more detailed examination of classification in terms of content and levels of crime prevention. Subsequently, the thesis narrows down its focus on the limiting factors of crime prevention encountered in practice. The thesis provides a general overview of the various categories of these factors as formulated in Czech and Slovak literature, as well as briefly turning to foreign resources. Crime prevention is an extensive multi-faceted field involving a number of state as well as non-state entities. In order for crime prevention to be fully operational in a democratic state ruled by law, it must be done in accordance with the law. This is one of the theoretical requirements of this criminological sub-field, which is expressed by the principle of the complexity of crime prevention. However, acting in accordance with the law is not in itself sufficient. In the rule of law,...
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Measuring monthly statistical crime in Germany and the Czech Republic in relation to the European migration crisis
ŠÍPEK, Matěj
The diploma thesis is based on a defining of a complex goal: Investigation of the dependence of monthly (in connectivity with the possibility of obtaining data also annual) crime in selected European countries and in relation to the European migration crisis. Germany and Czech Republic became selected countries. A monthly and annual crime index was used to achieve the comprehensive goal of the work thesis To achieve the goal, hypotheses H1, H2, H3, H4 were determined: Hypothesis 1 (H1): Monthly crime indexes in the Czech Republic and Germany do not correlate. Hypothesis 2 (H2): Monthly crime indexes in the Czech Republic and Germany have different theoretical divisions. Hypothesis 3 (H3): The annual crime indexes in the Czech Republic and Germany do not correlate. Hypothesis 4 (H4): Annual crime indexes in the Czech Republic and Germany have different theoretical divisions. Through the practical part of the thesis it was found, that the monthly crime indexes in the Czech Republic and Germany do not correlate and have different theoretical divisions (H1 hypotheses and H2 were confirmed). It was also found that indexes of annual crime in the Czech Republic and Germany strongly correlate and have the same theoretical divisions (hypotheses H3 and H4 were not confirmed). The reason for the confirmation of hypotheses H1, H2 and non-confirmation of hypotheses H3, H4 was probably different time periods for data collection (monthly crime included the period January 2011 to December 2016, monthly crime in Germany had to be calculated from the annual crime, due to data collection problems crime was based on data sets from 1987 to 2016). The introduction of different time periods was forced by the difficult availability of data in Germany. The methodology of the thesis used in the theoretical part is mainly search of available literature. Professional literature, valid legislation and Internet resources have been studied. The methodology of the thesis used in the practical part is based on methods of statistics, used for data processing using tables, graphs and basic calculations, due to it is possible to verify hypotheses. Basic statistical descriptive methods were used in order: Formulation of statistical survey, Scaling, Measurement, Elementary statistical processing. Basic statistical mathematical methods were used in order: Non-parametric testing, Linear regression analysis, Linear correlation analysis. Data collection was performed as follows: a) Czech forensic statistics were downloaded from the databases of the Czech Police, which also contain criminality for individual months. Furthermore, the number of inhabitants from the Czech Statistical Office was found for individual years. Crime indexes were calculated from these data. b) The BKA database (Federal Criminal Office of Germany) did not publish criminal statistics. For this reason, an article was published through ntv.de that published the annual crime of Germany. Population numbers for individual years were found through the Federal Statistical Office of Germany. Crime indexes were calculated from these data. At the end of the thesis there is pointed out the solution of possible crisis situations, including problems involving aspects of migration. The great importance of reducing crime is mainly prevention with a sensitive link to the solution of migration issues - to help in areas associated with the emergence of eg migration waves and thus preventing a crisis situations. The thesis did not deal with the political aspects of all examined hypotheses. Methodologically, the diploma thesis can be characterized as a report on the applied research solution in which its quantitative dimension prevails.
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Significance of Victimology for the Crime Prevention
Stránská, Eva ; Vanduchová, Marie (advisor) ; Jelínek, Jiří (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to provide an information about victimology, its history, on what issues this field of study focuses and what knowledge it provides. Then it is about analysis of whether and how it is possible to use this knowledge for the field of crime prevention and whether it is possible to take more effective preventive measures oriented at the crime victims and what they are. This thesis is divided to introduction, conclusion and six chapters. For introducing the topic into a wider context, the first chapter deals with criminology as the overarching theme of victimology and crime prevention. The second chapter focuses on the criminality, what role victims have in it and what are the possibilities of its control. It defines a concept of crime and its basic characteristics. There is a description of the deference between actual, registered and latent criminality, and what mostly causes its latency. The third chapter provides detailed interpretation of the victimology. The history of this field is briefly described. The principal victimological concepts are defined here, such as victimity, victimization and also crime victims, their typology and differences from the injured party. There are also mentioned the victimology studies and their significance. In conclusion of this chapter...
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