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Traffic crime and its prevention
Němec, Lukáš ; Říha, Jiří (advisor) ; Bohuslav, Lukáš (referee)
Traffic Crime is a phenomenon that practically everyone can encounter in everyday life. It is a severe society-wide issue that cannot be overlooked. This thesis explores various aspects of traffic crime with emphasis on road traffic, and all of that mostly from criminological and partly from criminal law perspective. This thesis is divided into four parts. The first part looks at traffic crime as a whole, on its definition, severity and its evolution in recent years. It further explores ways in which criminal law enforcement agencies decide crimes in this area and compares the evolution of traffic crime with the evolution of traffic density. In the second part this thesis analyses in detail the most often committed traffic crimes. This part also describes the typical perpetrator of traffic crime and mentions some reasons that lead to the commitment of traffic crime. The lack of societal condemnation of traffic regulations is described as the most important reason. The following part examines the most often committed traffic crimes and some conditions that are required for the fulfilment of their facts of criminal offences. Special emphasis is given to the crime of endangerment under the influence of addictive substances because it is the most often committed traffic crime. In particular this thesis...
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Crime in time of emergency
Novotná, Terezie ; Šelleng, Dalibor (advisor) ; Hořák, Jaromír (referee)
Crime in time of emergency Abstract The subject of this thesis is crime in times of states of emergency declared during the 21st century. The aim of the thesis was to identify the relationship between crime and states of emergency, to present the states of emergency declared in the 21st century and to show their role in the criminal code along with their use in judicial practice. The states of emergency that have been declared can be divided into two categories, namely states of emergency due to natural disasters and states of emergency during the pandemic of the COVID-19 disease. The thesis describes the states of emergency in 2002, 2006 and 2013 that had floods as a cause, the state of emergency during Hurricane Kyrill in 2007 and the states of emergency that were declared in 2020 and 2021 during the pandemic of the COVID-19 disease. The paper also focuses on crime outside of emergencies and there is a comparison with crime during emergencies. Based on police statistics, the evolution of registered crime between 2011 and 2021 is analysed. Subsequently, the focus is on registered crime during times of natural disasters and then during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the Criminal Code, the state of emergency is already found in the three basic facts of criminal offences, and it also occurs as a generally...
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Spillover effect on crime during the COVID-19 lockdowns in the Czech Republic
Vondrášek, Martin ; Mišák, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Schwarz, Jiří (referee)
This thesis seeks to assess the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on crime spill- overs within the context of the Czech Republic. To examine this effect, daily panel data are utilized, revealing that the implementation of COVID-19 mea- sures, such as restriction of free movement, has a significant negative effect on all crime categories, including Violent crimes, Property crimes, Offenses - BESIP, and Other offenses. The Ordinary least squares regression with fixed effects is used as a baseline model. However, due to the presence of spatially lagged dependent variable, a Spatial lag model with fixed effects is adopted to address this issue. Moreover, the analysis includes a z-test, which surprisingly demonstrates a statistically significant increase in the spillover effect in Offenses - BESIP during the COVID-19 period in the Czech Republic.
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Users of addictive substances as victims of criminal activities - research among clients and patients of addiction services in Prague
Kosařová, Hana ; Fidesová, Hana (advisor) ; Šťastná, Lenka (referee)
Background: The topic of crime is interconnected with substance abuse users. While most studies and statistics focus on primary criminal activities and economically motivated crimes, the chapter on criminal activities committed against clients is underrepresented. Crime victimization statistics are brief, and limited information is available about them. Victimization studies, which provide some information in this field, often exclude substance abuse users, or their substance use is not the subject of inquiry. Literature suggests that victimization of substance abuse users is a complex issue that is linked to many other problems. Objectives: The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to map the prevalence of criminal activities committed against substance abuse users and to examine the relationships between general victim characteristics and the crimes committed against them. Another objective is to determine whether and how often they report these crimes, under what circumstances, and conversely, what obstacles prevent them from reporting. A significant goal is to create at least a rough understanding of the mentioned issues, which could then serve as a foundation for further research and investigation. Methods: The research was conducted using a quantitative questionnaire in paper format. It was...
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Analysis of Migration and Crime: Evidence from the Czech Republic
Kubů, Vít ; Šoltés, Michal (advisor) ; Pertold-Gebicka, Barbara (referee)
This bachelor's thesis studies the impact of the Ukrainian refugee wave in 2022 on the crime rate in the Czech Republic. There are many articles on the effect of migration on crime, but because migration waves differ in many circumstances (motives for migration, migrants' characteristics), it is necessary to examine each migration wave separately. To identify the effect, the thesis relies on geographical variations in migrants' destinations and on a Bartik shift- share instrument to address potential endogeneity concerns. Our findings show a small positive and statistically significant effect of the migration wave on the number of committed overall crimes, property crimes, violent crimes, and misdemeanors. When transformed to the crimes per capita, a more accurate measure of criminal activity, the effect remains statistically significant only for property and a total number of crimes, but the effect is again close enough to zero. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the Ukrainian refugee wave did not lead to a substantial increase in crime. JEL Classification C21, C26, K14, O15 Keywords migration, crime, refugees, regional distribution Title Analysis of Migration and Crime: Evidence from the Czech Republic Author's e-mail 20020339@fsv.cuni.cz Supervisor's e-mail mich.soltes@gmail.com
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The Concept of a criminal offence in the Czech Criminal Code
Novotný, Pavel ; Jelínek, Jiří (advisor) ; Tlapák Navrátilová, Jana (referee)
The Concept of a criminal offence in the Czech Criminal Code Abstract The diploma thesis examines the concept of a criminal offence in Act No. 40/2009 Coll., the Criminal Code. With the enactment of the new Criminal Code, a transition from a formal- material concept of a criminal offence to a formal concept has been made. With the enactment of Act No. 40/2009 Coll., the Criminal Code, the recodification work, which had lasted almost twenty years, was completed. The most discussed topic at the time of the preparation of the Criminal Code was precisely the concept of a criminal offence. The first chapter of the thesis introduces the general regulation of the concept and conception of a crime in separate and combined form and the most important terms related to the criminal offence. The second chapter presents the development of criminal law in the Czech lands from the 19th century beginning with the Code of Crimes and Serious Police Offences, through the preparation of the outlines of the Criminal Code in 1926 and 1937 up to the Criminal Act No. 140/1961 Coll. The third chapter presents the situation after 1989 on the way to the new penal code. It describes the substantive intention of the Criminal Code, with regard to possible alternatives to the concept of a criminal offences, which was approved by the...
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Significance of Victimology for the Prevention of Crime
Stejskal, Radek ; Beranová, Andrea (advisor) ; Hořák, Jaromír (referee)
The diploma thesis title: Significance of Victimology for the Prevention of Crime The goal of this thesis is to, firstly, give a comprehensive theoretical introduction to victimology and crime prevention. Based on the acquired information then analyse, what is the significance of victimology for the prevention of crime and apply the findings to a specific, endangered group of people with the goal of developing a course of action to prevent their victimization. The next goal is to critically evaluate the state of crime prevention in the Czech Republic and to present possible solutions to found shortcomings. The thesis consists of an introduction, conclusion and 4 chapters. The opening chapter focuses on the theoretical introduction of victimology as a scientific discipline, its main concepts and the historical circumstances of its founding. The author will then introduce the main sources of information for victimology and evaluate the benefits they bring to this discipline. The second chapter describes crime prevention as a whole. The author will discuss the relationship between criminal law and crime prevention and introduce the main types of crime prevention, including their evaluation. The third chapter describes victimological prevention in great detail. After the theoretical introduction of...
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Crime culture of the 1990s and its actor reflection
Zajíčková, Tereza ; Wohlmuth, Petr (advisor) ; Houda, Přemysl (referee)
The thesis aims to interpret the actor's reflection on crime in the 1990s. It will focus on the perception and subjective interpretation of crime, which predictably increased in intensity after the collapse of the socialist regime. This socio-pathological phenomenon, typical of post-communist states, necessarily had an impact on the cultural and social development of the time, which is also reflected in contemporary popular art. The diploma text generally subscribes to the new cultural history and uses oral history as its primary method. The research will use newly acquired oral history narratives from several categories that represent actors in the context of the phenomenon in question - justice, prison, police, etc. In the context of pre-defined contemporary cultural categories, the thesis will attempt to interpret their subjective experience of the phenomenon. Key words: Crime, Criminality, Cultural History, Oral History, ActorReflection
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Fraud on Seniors - Prevention and Solution of the Problem in Context of Social Work
TURKOVÁ, Tereza
This bachelor thesis deals with fraud against the elderly and prevention from the perspective of social workers and police officers. The aim of the thesis is to find out what the current prevention by social workers and the Police looks like. The aim of the thesis is also to find out what kind of fraud occurs most often. The theoretical part of the thesis contains definitions of basic terms related to this topic. They were defined with the help of professional literature. The known types of under-fraud used by the perpetrators are described. The practical part was prepared in the form of qualitative research. Semi-structured interview was used as a technique. The interviews were conducted with police officers from the Press and Prevention Department of the South Bohemia Region. Furthermore, interviews were conducted with social workers working in social services focused on this issue.
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