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Smoking as a maladaptive strategy in overweight and obese women
Zdeňková Kroužková, Pavlína ; Kulhánek, Adam (advisor) ; Šťastná, Lenka (referee)
Introduction: Smoking and obesity (overweight) together represent a significant risk factor for a number of diseases. So far, not much has been published about the effect of weight reduction on smoking. Aim: The aim of the work was to map the most significant risk factors that lead women, tobacco smokers, overweight and obese to maladaptive behavior based on a comparison of a series of case studies. A partial goal was to find out whether compliance with the reduction program does not affect the number of cigarettes smoked. Methods: This is a case series, prospectively followed for three months (December 2022- March 2023), in which 21 female tobacco smoking patients undergoing a weight reduction program were followed. Monitoring the effect of weight reduction on the number of cigarettes smoked was complemented by structured interviews with female respondents on the topic of the most significant risk factors leading to smoking. The results were evaluated using the rapid assessment method. By searching for common psychosocial factors between individual case studies, individual types of clients were supplemented. Sample: The research sample of 21 female smokers was selected using a simple purposive sampling method based on availability and voluntariness. The age composition of the research sample...
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Estimating willingness to pay for increasing probability to conceive
Kolářová, Natálie ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Šťastná, Lenka (referee)
The purpose of the thesis is to analyze preferences for increasing the probability of conceiving. Willingness to pay for increasing the probability of conceiving is estimated using the private good scenario and a new complex of vitamins and minerals as the contingent product. Specifically, we use the discrete choice experiment with three attributes: the increase in the probability of conceiving, the number of months of trying to conceive from when this probability will be increased, and the cost to be paid for this product. Data are obtained through a stated preference survey conducted in 2014 in four European countries (the Czech Republic, the United Kingdom, Italy, and the Netherlands). We estimate a mixed logit model, allowing for unobserved preference heterogeneity. We find that people are willing to pay to increase a female's probability of conceiving, and their willingness to pay is higher after 12 months of trying to conceive when one is becoming infertile. Respondents are willing to pay for increasing the chance to conceive even during the period when they are not diagnosed as infertile, i.e., from 6 months of trying to conceive, except in the Netherlands. Italians are willing to pay the most, while Dutch are willing to pay the least. By controlling for the main characteristics of...
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Process Evaluation of an Outpatient Care with Extended Care for Patients witch Substance Use Disorder as a Pilot Project Focused on Case Management and Multidisciplinary Approach
Špinar, Vojtěch ; Vacek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Šťastná, Lenka (referee)
BACKGROUND: In the system of addictology care, the outpatient sector is being strengthened and pilot programs of outpatient clinics with extended care for patients with substance use disorder (ARP-AD) are being created. ARP-AD clients are users of all types of addictive substances, including non- substance addictions, in various stages of addiction and motivation to change, often with comorbid illness. Services are provided by a multidisciplinary healthcare team that works together intensively. Case management approaches and work in the client's natural environment are applied. One of the main goals is the coordination of the current network of addictology (and other) services based on the individual needs of clients. OBJECTIVE: Qualitative evaluation of the ARP-AD pilot programs with a focus on case management and a multidisciplinary approach. METHODS: The original intention was to carry out a process evaluation of all ARP-AD. Due to the failure of the recruitment strategy, the evaluation of only one pilot program - ARP-AD at the Department of Addictology (KAD) - was completed. Therefore, this is a case study. The data sources were implementation reports and semi-structured interviews with ARP-AD staff. The last data source was the ARP-AD Methodology. Implementation reports and interviews were...
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Limits in working with patients with an addiction problem in the practice of general practitioners in Prague
Němec, Radek ; Volfová, Anna (advisor) ; Šťastná, Lenka (referee)
Backround: Practitioners who do not have in-depth knowledge in the field of addictionology come into contact with patients in their practice who may have or already have an addiction problem. This patient is often accompanied by stigma and taboo, and even at a professional level it is often difficult to address the addiction problem. Doctors are obliged to map the problem and provide help in the form of a brief intervention and can thus motivate their patient to seek professional help. There are both barriers and supportive factors in the situation of initiating and conducting a conversation about addiction with a patient. Aims: The aim is to map the limits in working with patients with addiction problems from the perspective of a general practitioner. To describe and understand the limits of working with patients with addiction problems in GP practices in Prague. The sub-objectives are to focus on the qualitative characteristics of the physician's contact with the addictological patient and to identify the physicians' needs for improving the quality of cooperation with this target group. Methods: The thesis is qualitative in nature with the choice of data collection using semi-structured interviews. The research sample consists of 12 respondents who meet the given criteria. The data is then...
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Subjective evaluation of the life satisfaction of clients of the case management program in the organization SANANIM z.ú.
Vejrychová, Lucie ; Fidesová, Hana (advisor) ; Šťastná, Lenka (referee)
Backgound: Case management began to develop in the Czech Republic in 1995 at the level of regional projects. Indicated clients are persons who are unable to resolve their situation on their own, persons who have experienced a social decline and persons with a dual diagnosis. Studies show positive effects of case management, and in the area of psychosocial functioning there is a need to focus on the magnitude of effects and the range of change over time. Studies further show that positive effects in people with a dual diagnosis are achieved only in the case of very intensive case management, and clinical case management has good results in the area of alcohol and drug use. The study follows on from the project "Case management for mentally ill and socially excluded persons" and its results (1st and 2nd wave of the questionnaire survey). Aim: The main aim was to describe the development of changes in subjective life satisfaction among clients of the case management program over a longer period of time. Methods: The study is designed as a quantitative questionnaire survey (this is the 3rd wave of the questionnaire survey). The Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (authors J. Fahrenberg, M. Myrtek, J. Schumacher and E. Brähler) was used in a modified version and data analysis was carried out with the help...
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Prevalence of addictive substance use among persons diagnosed with ADHD
Svobodová, Tereza ; Šťastná, Lenka (advisor) ; Vacek, Jaroslav (referee)
Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is becoming an increasingly important research topic among adult ADHD clients. It is likely to be one of the risk factors for developing addiction. Most of the available research examines ADHD in individuals who are already being addressed as part of treatment in an addiction treatment service. Yet, these researches show that hyperactivity disorder does occur in persons with addiction issues. At the same time, hyperactive disorder is likely to be behind many of the complications in the progression of addiction interventions, increases the risk of early treatment drop-out, and places a greater burden on both clients and staff. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of substance use among adults diagnosed with ADHD, i.e. whether this specific group uses substances and to what extent. A complementary aim was to provide insight into what effects substance users reflect and what may be motivating their continued substance use. Finally, the thesis aims to compare these results with the general population. Methods: An online questionnaire inspired by the European Model Questionnaire was used to collect data, which contains a set of questions measuring the prevalence of substance use at lifetime, 12-month and 30-day time...
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Patterns of social network use in young adults with an eating disorder at the Anabell Center
Sloviaková, Kateřina ; Šťastná, Lenka (advisor) ; Pavelcová, Zuzana (referee)
Background: Social networks are a phenomenon of today's time. Current scientific research is devoted to the possible effects of using social networks. One of the serious impacts is the effect on self-perception and the negative consequences resulting from it, such as anxiety about appearance, comparison, dissatisfaction with one's body. This can become one of the factors in the development of eating disorders, or negatively influence their course. Aims: The aim of the research was to describe the patterns of social media use among young adults with eating disorders attending the Anabell Center. Another goal of the research was to focus on possible excessive use of social networks and addiction to them. The research also aimed to explore interactions between social media use and eating disorders. Sample: The sample was selected through intentional purposive sampling across institutions. Clients from the Anabell Center aged 20-35 years were contacted in the spring of 2022 via email request. Nineteen interested women responded and all were included in the study. Methods: A qualitative type of research was chosen. Two methods were chosen for data collection. The questionnaire included data on eating disorders and health status, the Social Media Addiction Scale diagnostic tool, and sociodemographic...
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The Impact of European Funding on Learning Outcomes of Pupils in Slovakia
Sokoláková, Miriama ; Šťastná, Lenka (advisor) ; Kolář, Daniel (referee)
The Impact of European Funding on Learning Outcomes of Pupils in Slovakia Abstract As a member of the European Union, Slovakia has access to various funding programs aimed at improving education and fostering economic development. This thesis examines the effectiveness of these funds in enhancing educational achievement in all relevant Slovakian primary and secondary schools. To assess the impact of European funds, the thesis employs fixed effects, between effects, and a difference-in-difference approach. We combine data collected from the Na- tional Institute of Education and Youth with socio-economic data. The analysis covers the period from 2007 to 2013, encompassing one funding cycle and al- lowing for a comprehensive evaluation of the long-term effects on educational achievement. The results do not reveal a correlation between European funds and the test scores of schools. However, a negative correlation was found be- tween schools located in economically disadvantaged areas and with pupils from socially disadvantaged backgrounds. The study also identifies several challenges and areas for future research for more efficient fund allocation.
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Willingness to pay for houseplants in the Czech Republic
Halouzková, Eliška ; Polák, Petr (advisor) ; Šťastná, Lenka (referee)
This thesis examines consumers' willingness to pay for houseplants in the Czech Republic. The data for the thesis were collected via self-developed question- naire. From the data, two regressions were created. First one measured the willingness to pay for houseplants, the second measured factors influencing the exact prices respondents are willing to pay. The study found that several factors, such as gender, previous houseplant purchase, the perception of house- plants as a home decor item, preference for artificial plants, view of houseplants as a hobby and whether houseplants improve their mental health have signif- icant influence on the willingness to pay. The significant factors for the price the respondents pay was university education, preference for low maintenance houseplants, place of purchase, size of the houseplant and recent houseplant purchases.
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Public investment and municipalities: who receives EU and government subsidies and why?
Tolstoguzova, Ekaterina ; Janský, Petr (advisor) ; Šťastná, Lenka (referee)
The thesis analyzes the economic and political impact on the distribution of EU funds between municipalities with extended competence in the Czech Republic. The data collected covers the period from 2007 to 2020, which corresponds to the two programming periods of the EU Structural Funds. To estimate the coefficients in dynamic models, we performed a system GMM procedure. The significant results obtained demonstrate a positive effect between the tax revenues of the municipality and the subsidies received. This supports the hypothesis that politicians may allocate more funds to more developed municipalities to achieve greater efficiency. Also, we indicated a political influence on the EU funds allocation process. The size of transfers significantly increases in the election years. This suggests that politicians are channelling more financial support to municipalities ahead of elections in an effort to increase voter support.
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