|
|
Kurdistan Regional Government: Internal Constrains and Failed Quest for Independence
Hussein, Nuha ; Doboš, Bohumil (advisor) ; Riegl, Martin (referee)
Since 2003, Iraq went into a significant shift of political authority in which many political parties fighting for leadership failed to keep peace in the region; however, for many - like ruling parties in Kurdistan Region of Iraq - a golden compass was in the pot to gain more authority high political positions in the region. The new Iraqi Constitution recognized KRG as an autonomous entity of Iraq, and Kurdish politicians were taking high political positions within the new Iraqi government. Despite these achievements, the political instability post-Iraq War remained and was shaped by internal factors like security, economy, and unresolved issues over disputed territories. Regional and international interventions also had a hand in these internal conflicts. For Kurdistan Regional Government, the question of Kurdish statehood never dissipated. The internal political setting post-2010 provided an environment of possible Kurdish statehood - or at least as the Kurdish leaders anticipated. In 2017, the KRG went for an unsupported referendum of independence that soon shifted the political dynamic between Kurdish parties and Baghdad into a turmoil of power struggle. The thesis builds a comprehensive discussion of factors of internal conflict in the KRG and analyzes how these internal disputes affected...
|
|
| |
|
|
Development of the Presidential Office in the Czech Republic
Šváblová, Sára ; Hájek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Mlejnek, Josef (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the development of the presidential office from 1918, when the Czechoslovak Republic was founded, to 2018. In particular, it focuses on presidential powers. The purpose of the first part is to describe and trace, on the basis of constitutional texts, the changes in the individual competences of the head of state, as well as changes in his or her electability and accountability, and to place them in the context of constitutional development in the Czech lands. The aim is to present information about the presidential office in a clear and comprehensible way. The second part of the thesis focuses on a comparative analysis of specific powers. The thesis focuses on four presidential powers: the right to reverse a law or the right of veto, amnesty and pardon, and the appointment and dismissal of the government. The comparative analysis is conducted from the perspective of the constitutions and focuses on the distinctive elements of these powers. The aim is to assess, on the basis of the elements being compared, under which constitution the presidency was strongest in that particular power.
|
|
|
Immunities in the Constitutional System of Czech Republic
Malcová, Barbora ; Kudrna, Jan (advisor) ; Jirásková, Věra (referee)
Immunities in the Constitutional System of Czech Republic The thesis Immunities in the Constitutional System of Czech Republic examines the enshrinement of the immunity of selected public officials in domestic legal system. The essay describes the objective state of legislation as well as the development of academic view of the system of exceptions and the attitude of the persons, in whose favor the element works. After a short introduction, whose purpose is to outline some possible opinions and generally believed myths about parliamentary immunity; the thesis explains some terms related to the institute - material immunity, procedural immunity, and procedural exemption. The main body of the paper reviews the individual types of immunities in detail. The first chapter discusses the Members of Parliament - the immunity of the Deputies and the Senators. It shows the evolution of the constitutional basis to the institute, presents the current form of Article in the Constitution with a numerous cases when the immunity of an MP was removed by the Parliament. It also deals with the connection of the constitutional articles to the rules of procedure of the Chambers. The thesis describes selected problematic aspects of the institute, and demonstrates a number of those with historical and present court...
|
|
|
Reflection of the referendum and change of the constitution in Belarus 2004 in the Czech press
Drahovzalová, Michala ; Příhoda, Marek (advisor) ; Tumis, Stanislav (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the referendum and constitutional change in Belarus in 2004 and the response of these events in the Czech press. The first part is theoretical, trying to define the form of the current political regime of Lukashenka's Belarus. The second part chronologically charts the political development in the country. This chapter covers the period shortly before the collapse of the Soviet Union, the events of the nineties and the turn of the century followed by the discussed referendum and constitutional change. The third part provides an analysis of the Czech press - selected newspapers, socio-political magazines and professional journals - with an emphasis on their response to the referendum and related events.
|
|
|
Comparison of the Position of the Presidents of Poland and Slovakia
Klapal, Ondřej ; Just, Petr (advisor) ; Kubátová, Hana (referee)
Bachelor thesis "Comparison of the Position of Presidents of Poland and Slovakia" compares positions of the heads of states of the two neighbouring countries. It focuses mainly on the Third Polish Republic and the independent Slovak Republic but it deals with previous periods too. Due to the fact that the classification of the countries as parliamentarism or semi-presidentialism is one of the aims of the thesis, one part focuses on theory of these democratic political systems and position of presidents in them. Constitutional powers in relation to other parts of state power are not the only problem analyzed. Part of the thesis describes also the real position of the presidents. Comparison of constitutional and real powers of presidents of Poland and Slovakia verified thesis that Polish president is more powerful than his Slovak counterpart, but it can be applied only for real powers. Their constitutional powers are similar.
|
|
|
Constitutional guarantees of Impartiality of Judges and its Social connotations
Žižko, Igor ; Suchánek, Radovan (advisor) ; Janstová, Kateřina (referee)
Modern society is based on respect for the individual and at the same time it has created the institute of justice under which parties, in the interest of maintaining social cohesion, should resolve their disputes using the system of applying rights. The task of the judiciary is therefore to be an impartial arbiter, which is an absolute criterion for the acceptance of authoritativeness of this body, or more precisely the functionality and signification of this institute within the social contract. Only an unbiased judge can be the only guarantee for the nemo iudex in causa sua principles to be observed. The European Convention imposes on the states - members of the Council of Europe such legal conditions which guarantee every country the right for their affairs to be discussed fairly, in public and in a reasonable time limit by an independent and impartial court established by law which will decide about their civil rights and obligations or of any criminal charges raised against them. The Constitutional Order of the Czech Republic guarantees everybody the right to a fair trial conducted in accordance with the law before an impartial judge. Constitutional guarantees of fair legal proceedings before an impartial judge are supplemented with legal rules of the sub constitutional law. Yet, it is the...
|
|
|
The Head of State in the constitutional system of the Czech Republic: de iure and de facto
Gřešák, Martin ; Gronský, Ján (advisor) ; Hřebejk, Jiří (referee)
Diploma thesis "The Head of State in the constitutional system of the Czech Republic: de iure and de facto" discourses both provisions, which integrate the institution of the president of the republic in constitution, and the virtual implementation of this uppermost authority in the state. At the beginning, the thesis deals with the historical dimension of the issue. It speaks of the general development and history of the office in Czech lands. Hereupon a depiction of the theoretical extent of this office follows. A large verge is devoted to the placement and the powers of the president in the constitution. The pragmatic part of the thesis consists of two case studies. The first one deals with the presidency of Václav Havel. The second one deals with the execution of the office by Václav Klaus. An extra attention is paid to the analysis of the accordance between the theoretical and pragmatic pursuance of the office of president of the Czech Republic.
|
|
|
Ukraine Constitutional reform in 2004 and Its Impact on the Development of the Country
Poloncarzová, Diana ; Šír, Jan (advisor) ; Zilynskyj, Bohdan (referee)
The thesis deal with the constitutional reform in Ukraine approved in 2004 There were optimistic expectations about the regime change and moving closer to the model of West European states in 2004. The scope is to identify whether Ukraine followed the path of democratic transition or remained as an unstable hybrid state. It is focused on constitutional changes of the following chapters - elections and referendum, parliament, president, council of ministers and redistribution of power between these roles and impact on legislation and executive power. The regime type is influenced by these changes. Ukraine was classified as an authoritarian regime during Kuchma's second term in the Presidential office. The political system had been changed in 2006 when the new constitution came to power. Between a various classifications the most common ones, which had been used, were a semi- presidential system or presidential-parliamentary system. The choice of improper political system could be one of the key reasons leading to the failure of democratisation of the country when attempted.
|
|
|
Participation of the Executive and Legislative on War Powers After 9/11
Doskočil, Jan ; Hornát, Jan (advisor) ; Kozák, Kryštof (referee)
The subject of this thesis is a resolution titled "Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists" and its importance regarding the matter of war power of the President of the United States. This resolution was proposed by the President George W. Bush immediately after the terrorist attacks of 9/11, and Congress passed it with haste. It vested broad war powers in the President to the war on terrorism without the necessity of consulting Congress. This thesis' aim is to evaluate the importance of this resolution in the ever-evolving discussion about the participation of the executive and legislative branches on war powers. The thesis also analyzes the legality and legitimacy of the resolution according to the Constitution and the Founding Fathers' intentions while creating it. This thesis addresses these issues through analyzing diverse interpretations of the Constitution, statements made by the Framers of the Constitution, and through examination of the development of war powers in the second half of the 20th century.
|
guest ::
